The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on ...The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.展开更多
Objective To investigate the genotypic diversity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） isolated from pigs and retail foods from different geographical areas in China and further to study the routes a...Objective To investigate the genotypic diversity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） isolated from pigs and retail foods from different geographical areas in China and further to study the routes and rates of transmission of this pathogen from animals to food. Methods Seventy-one MRSA isolates were obtained from pigs and retail foods and then characterized by multi-locus sequencing typing （MLST）, spa typing, multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis （MLVA）, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results All isolated MRSA exhibited multi-drug resistance （MDR）. Greater diversity was found in food-associated MRSA （7 STs, 8 spa types, and 10 MLVA patterns） compared to pig-associated MRSA （3 STs, 1 spa type, and 6 MLVA patterns）. PFGE patterns were more diverse for pig-associated MRSA than those of food-associated isolates （40 vs. 11 pulse types）. Among the pig-associated isolates, CC9-ST9-t899-MC2236 was the most prevalent clone （96.4%）, and CC9-ST9-t437-MC621 （20.0%） was the predominant clone among the food-associated isolates. The CC9-ST9 isolates showed significantly higher antimicrobial resistance than other clones. Interestingly, CC398-ST398-t034 clone was identified from both pig- and food-associated isolates. Of note, some community- and hospital-associated MRSA strains （t030, t172, t1244, and t4549） were also identified as food-associated isolates. Conclusion CC9-ST9-t899-MC2236-MDR was the most predominant clone in pigs, but significant genetic diversity was observed in food-associated MRSA. Our results demonstrate the great need for improved surveillance of MRSA in livestock and food and effective prevention strategies to limit MDR-MRSA infections in China.展开更多
The status of PCDDs and PCDFs content in retail foods from a certain area by Isotope Dilution HRGC-HRMS was surveyed and the local population PCDD/Fs exposure from diverse foods and health risk was evaluated.PCDD/Fs w...The status of PCDDs and PCDFs content in retail foods from a certain area by Isotope Dilution HRGC-HRMS was surveyed and the local population PCDD/Fs exposure from diverse foods and health risk was evaluated.PCDD/Fs was extracted from samples by Soxhlet extraction,concentrated and purified by FMS column chromatograph,carbon column enrichment.Confirmation and quantitative analysis at pg/g level of PCDD/Fs was performed by HRGC/HRMS using multiple ion detection mode(MID).TEQ concentration was calculated by WHO-TEF multiplying by concentration of seventeen PCDD/Fs congener.Median of PCDD/Fs concentration for fish,livestock,poultry,egg,vegetable oil,milk,vegetable totally 100 samples for ten diverse foods didn’t exceed the limit standards by EU.The level of PCDD/Fs for different food in the certain area was lower or comparable to the data reported by developed country in the world.The total weekly intake and monthly intake for local population or national population was 3.44,14.8 WHO-TEQ/kg BW and 1.5,6.42 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW respectively,the value was lower than the Tolerable Weekly Intake of 14 pg WHO TEQ/kg BW for PCDDs,PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs established by EU Scientific Committee for Food.The dietary PCDD/Fs intake for local people was higher than national population.And animal food was the dominant contributor to the total dietary intake,which accounted for more than 70 percent.These levels of consumption of diverse food containing typical levels of PCDD/Fs doesn’t present a risk to the health of the local population.But integrative dietary intake could be evaluated including of PCBs intake for population in the future.展开更多
文摘The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0401102)(the National Key Research and Development Program of China,the Ministry of Science and Technology of China)China Food Safety Talent Competency Development Initiative:CFSA 523 Program(1311613106702)
文摘Objective To investigate the genotypic diversity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） isolated from pigs and retail foods from different geographical areas in China and further to study the routes and rates of transmission of this pathogen from animals to food. Methods Seventy-one MRSA isolates were obtained from pigs and retail foods and then characterized by multi-locus sequencing typing （MLST）, spa typing, multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis （MLVA）, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results All isolated MRSA exhibited multi-drug resistance （MDR）. Greater diversity was found in food-associated MRSA （7 STs, 8 spa types, and 10 MLVA patterns） compared to pig-associated MRSA （3 STs, 1 spa type, and 6 MLVA patterns）. PFGE patterns were more diverse for pig-associated MRSA than those of food-associated isolates （40 vs. 11 pulse types）. Among the pig-associated isolates, CC9-ST9-t899-MC2236 was the most prevalent clone （96.4%）, and CC9-ST9-t437-MC621 （20.0%） was the predominant clone among the food-associated isolates. The CC9-ST9 isolates showed significantly higher antimicrobial resistance than other clones. Interestingly, CC398-ST398-t034 clone was identified from both pig- and food-associated isolates. Of note, some community- and hospital-associated MRSA strains （t030, t172, t1244, and t4549） were also identified as food-associated isolates. Conclusion CC9-ST9-t899-MC2236-MDR was the most predominant clone in pigs, but significant genetic diversity was observed in food-associated MRSA. Our results demonstrate the great need for improved surveillance of MRSA in livestock and food and effective prevention strategies to limit MDR-MRSA infections in China.
文摘The status of PCDDs and PCDFs content in retail foods from a certain area by Isotope Dilution HRGC-HRMS was surveyed and the local population PCDD/Fs exposure from diverse foods and health risk was evaluated.PCDD/Fs was extracted from samples by Soxhlet extraction,concentrated and purified by FMS column chromatograph,carbon column enrichment.Confirmation and quantitative analysis at pg/g level of PCDD/Fs was performed by HRGC/HRMS using multiple ion detection mode(MID).TEQ concentration was calculated by WHO-TEF multiplying by concentration of seventeen PCDD/Fs congener.Median of PCDD/Fs concentration for fish,livestock,poultry,egg,vegetable oil,milk,vegetable totally 100 samples for ten diverse foods didn’t exceed the limit standards by EU.The level of PCDD/Fs for different food in the certain area was lower or comparable to the data reported by developed country in the world.The total weekly intake and monthly intake for local population or national population was 3.44,14.8 WHO-TEQ/kg BW and 1.5,6.42 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW respectively,the value was lower than the Tolerable Weekly Intake of 14 pg WHO TEQ/kg BW for PCDDs,PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs established by EU Scientific Committee for Food.The dietary PCDD/Fs intake for local people was higher than national population.And animal food was the dominant contributor to the total dietary intake,which accounted for more than 70 percent.These levels of consumption of diverse food containing typical levels of PCDD/Fs doesn’t present a risk to the health of the local population.But integrative dietary intake could be evaluated including of PCBs intake for population in the future.
