BACKGROUND The results obtained to date concerning food groups,diet quality and colorectal cancer(CRC)risk vary according to criteria used and the study populations.AIM To study the relationships between food groups,d...BACKGROUND The results obtained to date concerning food groups,diet quality and colorectal cancer(CRC)risk vary according to criteria used and the study populations.AIM To study the relationships between food groups,diet quality and CRC risk,in an adult population of the Basque Country(North of Spain).METHODS This observational study included 308 patients diagnosed with CRC and 308 ageand sex-matched subjects as controls.During recruitment,dietary,anthropometric,lifestyle,socioeconomic,demographic and health status information was collected.Adherence to the dietary recommendations was evaluated utilizing the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish Diet and the MedDietScore.Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations of food group intakes,diet quality scores,categorized in tertiles,with CRC risk.RESULTS The adjusted models for potential confounding factors showed a direct association between milk and dairy products consumption,in particular high-fat cheeses[odds ratio(OR)third tertile vs first tertile=1.87,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.11-3.16],and CRC risk.While the consumption of fiber-containing foods,especially whole grains(OR third tertile vs first tertile=0.62,95%CI:0.39-0.98),and fatty fish(OR third tertile vs first tertile=0.53,95%CI:0.27-0.99)was associated with a lower risk for CRC.Moreover,higher MD adherence was associated with a reduced CRC risk in adjusted models(OR third tertile vs first tertile=0.40,95%CI:0.20-0.80).CONCLUSION Direct associations were found for high-fat cheese,whereas an inverse relation was reported for fiber-containing foods and fatty fish,as well as adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern.展开更多
Children in resource poor settings are at a high risk of inadequate iron and vitamin A intake when diets lack diversity and are dominated by staple foods. Yet comparative information on diet quality among school child...Children in resource poor settings are at a high risk of inadequate iron and vitamin A intake when diets lack diversity and are dominated by staple foods. Yet comparative information on diet quality among school children is scarce. The objective of the study was to assess the potential of simple food group diversity to serve as a proxy indicator of iron and vitamin A status among rural school children in Uganda. A cross sectional correlation model of associations between Food Group Diversity (FGD) and iron and vitamin A status was used. We analyzed 8 schools in Kumi District, Uganda, randomly selected from the 34 schools that participated in the main part of the study. Our sample included primary school children, aged between 9-15 years (n = 172). Food group diversity and food variety (FV) were calculated from both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall. The FGD and FVS were tested against iron (as serum ferritin) and vitamin A (as serum retinol) status. The FGD (based on FFQ data) was 9.6 (±1.9). There was a positive correlation between 24-hour recall and FFQ for consumption of cereals (Corr. Coef = 0.28;p 0.05), which was also the most highly consumed group (98.9% & 86.9% by FFQ and 24-hour recall;respectively). Consistent with other studies, increase in the number of food groups significantly increased serum ferritin and serum retinol measures (p 0.001). Presence of at least one food item in the “roots & tubers”;“cereals”;and “pulses/nuts”, significantly increased serum ferritin and serum retinol concentrations (p 0.01). We speculate that simple food group diversity may reflect intake and serve as a simple indicator of iron and vitamin A status among school children. Strategies aimed at increasing dietary diversity in the community may benefit the families of these children and improve their micronutrient status.展开更多
Goubuli baozi (steamed stuffed bun) originated in 1858. At that time there was a peasant named Gao in Wuqing County, Hebei province. At the age of 40, he got a son. In order to ensure the boy’s safety, he named him &...Goubuli baozi (steamed stuffed bun) originated in 1858. At that time there was a peasant named Gao in Wuqing County, Hebei province. At the age of 40, he got a son. In order to ensure the boy’s safety, he named him "Gouzi" (meaning: small dog), so he would be fed easily, like a small dog.展开更多
中小河流多而广,是与人类最为亲近的河流类型,但受到的人为改造及生产生活活动干扰强度也最大,表现出的生态退化程度更为明显。以北方典型中小河流清潩河(许昌段)为例,基于2021年夏、秋季水生态调查结果,采用Ecopath with Ecosim软件构...中小河流多而广,是与人类最为亲近的河流类型,但受到的人为改造及生产生活活动干扰强度也最大,表现出的生态退化程度更为明显。以北方典型中小河流清潩河(许昌段)为例,基于2021年夏、秋季水生态调查结果,采用Ecopath with Ecosim软件构建了夏、秋季食物网模型。模型模拟结果显示,清潩河生态系统主要由5个整合营养级(范围值为100~329)构成,其中,营养级Ⅰ、Ⅱ传递效率较低,严重阻碍了能量向更高营养级流动,夏、秋季系统总转化效率分别仅为108%和182%。清潩河生态系统夏、秋季交互营养关系无明显变化,捕食者中除翘嘴鲌外均表现出对饵料生物较强的抑制作用。对生态系统总体特征的分析发现,夏季生态系统规模(总流量为257106 t·km-2)大于秋季(147258 t·km-2),同时,Finn循环指数(FCI)和Finn平均路径长度(FML)计算结果也表明夏季生态系统成熟度和稳定性优于秋季。最后,利用食物网模型筛选出不同营养级范围的关键功能组为浮游植物、软体动物和翘嘴鲌。根据这3类生物的习性特征与生境适宜性需求,提出限制浮游植物优势种生长、加大对软体动物捕食压力和恢复翘嘴鲌种群等建议,为清潩河及同类河流生态修复提供方法支撑和决策参考。展开更多
目的评估和分析一份男性食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)中食物组摄入量的重现性和有效性的影响因素。方法从一项大规模人群队列研究"上海市男性健康队列"中随机选取了214名对象,在进入队列时均完成了第1次FF...目的评估和分析一份男性食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)中食物组摄入量的重现性和有效性的影响因素。方法从一项大规模人群队列研究"上海市男性健康队列"中随机选取了214名对象,在进入队列时均完成了第1次FFQ调查,其后开始进行每月1次、为期1年的24 h膳食回顾调查(24-hour dietary recall,24-HDR),在12次24-HDR调查完成后再重新进行与第1次FFQ相同的第2次FFQ调查,2次FFQ的平均间隔时间为1.2年。将FFQ及24-HDR调查所得的食物项归类为11个食物组,通过2次FFQ的食物组摄入量的Pearson相关系数,来评估和分析FFQ测量食物组摄入量的重现性的影响因素。有效性的影响因素则通过比较第2次FFQ与24-HDR的食物组摄入量的Pearson相关系数来评估。结果共有195名研究对象完成了全部的2次FFQ与12次24-HDR调查。2次FFQ之间各食物组摄入量的Pearson相关系数的中位数在高、低年龄组分别为0.62、0.50;高、低教育水平组分别为0.58、0.50;高、低收入组分别为0.51、0.50;高、低BMI组分别为0.50、0.49。第2次FFQ与24-HDR的各食物组摄入量的Pearson相关系数的中位数在高、低年龄组分别为0.61、0.45;高、低教育水平组分别为0.49、0.47;高、低收入组分别为0.43、0.57;高、低BMI组分别为0.48、0.51。结论上海市男性健康队列所采用的食物频率问卷中食物组摄入量的重现性的影响因素主要是研究对象的年龄,有效性的影响因素主要是年龄和收入水平。展开更多
基金Supported by the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs,Basque Government,No.2011111153Saiotek,Basque Government,No.S-PE12UN058+1 种基金Pre-doctoral grant from the Basque Government,NO.PRE_2015_2_0084and United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service,No.58-1950-4-003.
文摘BACKGROUND The results obtained to date concerning food groups,diet quality and colorectal cancer(CRC)risk vary according to criteria used and the study populations.AIM To study the relationships between food groups,diet quality and CRC risk,in an adult population of the Basque Country(North of Spain).METHODS This observational study included 308 patients diagnosed with CRC and 308 ageand sex-matched subjects as controls.During recruitment,dietary,anthropometric,lifestyle,socioeconomic,demographic and health status information was collected.Adherence to the dietary recommendations was evaluated utilizing the Healthy Eating Index for the Spanish Diet and the MedDietScore.Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations of food group intakes,diet quality scores,categorized in tertiles,with CRC risk.RESULTS The adjusted models for potential confounding factors showed a direct association between milk and dairy products consumption,in particular high-fat cheeses[odds ratio(OR)third tertile vs first tertile=1.87,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.11-3.16],and CRC risk.While the consumption of fiber-containing foods,especially whole grains(OR third tertile vs first tertile=0.62,95%CI:0.39-0.98),and fatty fish(OR third tertile vs first tertile=0.53,95%CI:0.27-0.99)was associated with a lower risk for CRC.Moreover,higher MD adherence was associated with a reduced CRC risk in adjusted models(OR third tertile vs first tertile=0.40,95%CI:0.20-0.80).CONCLUSION Direct associations were found for high-fat cheese,whereas an inverse relation was reported for fiber-containing foods and fatty fish,as well as adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern.
文摘Children in resource poor settings are at a high risk of inadequate iron and vitamin A intake when diets lack diversity and are dominated by staple foods. Yet comparative information on diet quality among school children is scarce. The objective of the study was to assess the potential of simple food group diversity to serve as a proxy indicator of iron and vitamin A status among rural school children in Uganda. A cross sectional correlation model of associations between Food Group Diversity (FGD) and iron and vitamin A status was used. We analyzed 8 schools in Kumi District, Uganda, randomly selected from the 34 schools that participated in the main part of the study. Our sample included primary school children, aged between 9-15 years (n = 172). Food group diversity and food variety (FV) were calculated from both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall. The FGD and FVS were tested against iron (as serum ferritin) and vitamin A (as serum retinol) status. The FGD (based on FFQ data) was 9.6 (±1.9). There was a positive correlation between 24-hour recall and FFQ for consumption of cereals (Corr. Coef = 0.28;p 0.05), which was also the most highly consumed group (98.9% & 86.9% by FFQ and 24-hour recall;respectively). Consistent with other studies, increase in the number of food groups significantly increased serum ferritin and serum retinol measures (p 0.001). Presence of at least one food item in the “roots & tubers”;“cereals”;and “pulses/nuts”, significantly increased serum ferritin and serum retinol concentrations (p 0.01). We speculate that simple food group diversity may reflect intake and serve as a simple indicator of iron and vitamin A status among school children. Strategies aimed at increasing dietary diversity in the community may benefit the families of these children and improve their micronutrient status.
文摘Goubuli baozi (steamed stuffed bun) originated in 1858. At that time there was a peasant named Gao in Wuqing County, Hebei province. At the age of 40, he got a son. In order to ensure the boy’s safety, he named him "Gouzi" (meaning: small dog), so he would be fed easily, like a small dog.
文摘中小河流多而广,是与人类最为亲近的河流类型,但受到的人为改造及生产生活活动干扰强度也最大,表现出的生态退化程度更为明显。以北方典型中小河流清潩河(许昌段)为例,基于2021年夏、秋季水生态调查结果,采用Ecopath with Ecosim软件构建了夏、秋季食物网模型。模型模拟结果显示,清潩河生态系统主要由5个整合营养级(范围值为100~329)构成,其中,营养级Ⅰ、Ⅱ传递效率较低,严重阻碍了能量向更高营养级流动,夏、秋季系统总转化效率分别仅为108%和182%。清潩河生态系统夏、秋季交互营养关系无明显变化,捕食者中除翘嘴鲌外均表现出对饵料生物较强的抑制作用。对生态系统总体特征的分析发现,夏季生态系统规模(总流量为257106 t·km-2)大于秋季(147258 t·km-2),同时,Finn循环指数(FCI)和Finn平均路径长度(FML)计算结果也表明夏季生态系统成熟度和稳定性优于秋季。最后,利用食物网模型筛选出不同营养级范围的关键功能组为浮游植物、软体动物和翘嘴鲌。根据这3类生物的习性特征与生境适宜性需求,提出限制浮游植物优势种生长、加大对软体动物捕食压力和恢复翘嘴鲌种群等建议,为清潩河及同类河流生态修复提供方法支撑和决策参考。
