China is experiencing rapid urbanization, changes in diets, and modernization of food retailing and production. In this context, food safety can become a greater concern for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this a...China is experiencing rapid urbanization, changes in diets, and modernization of food retailing and production. In this context, food safety can become a greater concern for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this article is to review the international experiences and lessons regarding food safety management, regulation, and consumer behavior, with the goal of identifying how to improve food safety in middle income countries such as China. International experience in addressing food safety provides two general kinds of lessons. First, a middle-income country such as China needs to develop the capacity to carry out risk analysis in order to better focus public resources on the most important risks. Second, it will be important to leverage market incentives so as to make the best use of limited public capacity to enforce standards. Inter- national experiences show that food safety management is feasible where market incentives exist, and that public-private partnerships can support the process of improving food safety management. Market incentives require effective consumer or buyer demand, mechanisms to identify and reward quality, and supply chain coordination. Public efforts can be targeted to supporting these market developments for the risks that are the greatest burden to public health.展开更多
this paper based on the food security, the food the macroeconomic regulation and control of the operation mechanism of the general theory, focus on the China＇s grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, th...this paper based on the food security, the food the macroeconomic regulation and control of the operation mechanism of the general theory, focus on the China＇s grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the concept of grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control tool application, grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control system, the problem of grain circulation system, food price formation mechanism. Through the research set up grain control of the operation mechanism of general theory.展开更多
INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public hea...INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public health implications and economic losses caused by food-borne diseases.BACKGROUND:Several programmes and initiatives have been developed worldwide both by government agencies and the private sector to achieve this goal.Food-borne diseases,caused by pathogens,natural toxins,and chemical contaminants,remain a global public health challenge,since new threats are continuously emerging while others are being controlled.Also,in many countries,the consumption of food prepared outside the home increases the exposure to the risks posed by poor hygiene in food service.In this context,a reliable sanitary surveillance system is urgently needed to identify potential hazards,conduct risk analysis,and control food-borne diseases outbreaks worldwide.BRAZILIAN SAFETY POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS:Brazil national agencies are tasked with controlling the hazards in the food chain by means of federal regulations based on a set of global sanitary authorities’guidelines.CONCLUSION:The occurrence of food-borne diseases,control measures,policies,and regulatory frameworks in Brazil drawn to ensure the quality and safety of food are presented in this paper.展开更多
Sugar and protein are the major macronutrients＇ sources, and their balanced intake is important for animal＇s health. It has been observed that animals are able to change food preference in an imbalanced nutritional ...Sugar and protein are the major macronutrients＇ sources, and their balanced intake is important for animal＇s health. It has been observed that animals are able to change food preference in an imbalanced nutritional condition to selectively consume nutrients that are deficient in the body （Dethier, 1976）. Early studies in both Drosophila and mouse have demonstrated that animals exhibit food rejection to imbalanced diets lacking essential amino acids （Hao et al., 2005; Bjordal et al., 2014）. Furthermore, the food preference change upon protein depri- vation has been characterized using a two choice assay in Drosophila （Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010; Vargas et al., 2010）. Different from protein food, sugar is the main energy source, and sugar deficiency severely affects animal survival （Lee et al., 2008）. However, whether animals adopt a strategy of fast food preference switch upon sugar deprivation had not been investigated, and the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior regulation remain poorly understood.展开更多
文摘China is experiencing rapid urbanization, changes in diets, and modernization of food retailing and production. In this context, food safety can become a greater concern for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this article is to review the international experiences and lessons regarding food safety management, regulation, and consumer behavior, with the goal of identifying how to improve food safety in middle income countries such as China. International experience in addressing food safety provides two general kinds of lessons. First, a middle-income country such as China needs to develop the capacity to carry out risk analysis in order to better focus public resources on the most important risks. Second, it will be important to leverage market incentives so as to make the best use of limited public capacity to enforce standards. Inter- national experiences show that food safety management is feasible where market incentives exist, and that public-private partnerships can support the process of improving food safety management. Market incentives require effective consumer or buyer demand, mechanisms to identify and reward quality, and supply chain coordination. Public efforts can be targeted to supporting these market developments for the risks that are the greatest burden to public health.
文摘this paper based on the food security, the food the macroeconomic regulation and control of the operation mechanism of the general theory, focus on the China＇s grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the concept of grain macroeconomic regulation and control mechanism, the grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control tool application, grain circulation macroeconomic regulation and control system, the problem of grain circulation system, food price formation mechanism. Through the research set up grain control of the operation mechanism of general theory.
文摘INTRODUCTION:In the recent decades,a global effort from food suppliers,industries,and governments has ensured that food production would meet the high quality required by the sanitary authorities,minimizing public health implications and economic losses caused by food-borne diseases.BACKGROUND:Several programmes and initiatives have been developed worldwide both by government agencies and the private sector to achieve this goal.Food-borne diseases,caused by pathogens,natural toxins,and chemical contaminants,remain a global public health challenge,since new threats are continuously emerging while others are being controlled.Also,in many countries,the consumption of food prepared outside the home increases the exposure to the risks posed by poor hygiene in food service.In this context,a reliable sanitary surveillance system is urgently needed to identify potential hazards,conduct risk analysis,and control food-borne diseases outbreaks worldwide.BRAZILIAN SAFETY POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS:Brazil national agencies are tasked with controlling the hazards in the food chain by means of federal regulations based on a set of global sanitary authorities’guidelines.CONCLUSION:The occurrence of food-borne diseases,control measures,policies,and regulatory frameworks in Brazil drawn to ensure the quality and safety of food are presented in this paper.
基金supported by the grants from the National Science Foundation of China(Nos. 91132709 and 31130027)
文摘Sugar and protein are the major macronutrients＇ sources, and their balanced intake is important for animal＇s health. It has been observed that animals are able to change food preference in an imbalanced nutritional condition to selectively consume nutrients that are deficient in the body （Dethier, 1976）. Early studies in both Drosophila and mouse have demonstrated that animals exhibit food rejection to imbalanced diets lacking essential amino acids （Hao et al., 2005; Bjordal et al., 2014）. Furthermore, the food preference change upon protein depri- vation has been characterized using a two choice assay in Drosophila （Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010; Vargas et al., 2010）. Different from protein food, sugar is the main energy source, and sugar deficiency severely affects animal survival （Lee et al., 2008）. However, whether animals adopt a strategy of fast food preference switch upon sugar deprivation had not been investigated, and the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior regulation remain poorly understood.
