A Nonparametric Approach to Foreground Detection in Dynamic Backgrounds

Foreground detection is a fundamental step in visual surveillance.However,accurate foreground detection is still a challenging task especially in dynamic backgrounds.In this paper,we present a nonparametric approach to foreground detection in dynamic backgrounds.It uses a history of recently pixel values to estimate background model.Besides,the adaptive threshold and spatial coherence are introduced to enhance robustness against false detections.Experimental results indicate that our approach achieves better performance in dynamic backgrounds compared with several approaches.

Background Error Covariance Statistics of Hydrometeor Control Variables Based on Gaussian Transform

Use of data assimilation to initialize hydrometeors plays a vital role in numerical weather prediction(NWP).To directly analyze hydrometeors in data assimilation systems from cloud-sensitive observations,hydrometeor control variables are necessary.Common data assimilation systems theoretically require that the probability density functions(PDFs)of analysis,background,and observation errors should satisfy the Gaussian unbiased assumptions.In this study,a Gaussian transform method is proposed to transform hydrometeors to more Gaussian variables,which is modified from the Softmax function and renamed as Quasi-Softmax transform.The Quasi-Softmax transform method then is compared to the original hydrometeor mixing ratios and their logarithmic transform and Softmax transform.The spatial distribution,the non-Gaussian nature of the background errors,and the characteristics of the background errors of hydrometeors in each method are studied.Compared to the logarithmic and Softmax transform,the Quasi-Softmax method keeps the vertical distribution of the original hydrometeor mixing ratios to the greatest extent.The results of the D′Agostino test show that the hydrometeors transformed by the Quasi-Softmax method are more Gaussian when compared to the other methods.The Gaussian transform has been added to the control variable transform to estimate the background error covariances.Results show that the characteristics of the hydrometeor background errors are reasonable for the Quasi-Softmax method.The transformed hydrometeors using the Quasi-Softmax transform meet the Gaussian unbiased assumptions of the data assimilation system,and are promising control variables for data assimilation systems.

Foregrounding Features in the Background Introduction Partin Oliver Twist

The theory of foregrounding is a theory of crucial and critical importance in Stylistics.In stylistic analysis,foregrounding refers to the work with literary and artistic importance,especially the deviation of language,prominent in the background which belongs to the normal conventions of language.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest and critical realist writers of the Victorian Age in British.In his representative work Oliver Twist,by the bitter exposure of the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the cruel treatment of a poor orphan by all sorts of philanthropist,the author criticizes harshly the dark and criminal underworld life and succeeds in calling forth the reader's sympathy for the down-trodden people of the lower classes,especially the children.Through his master skill of the use of foregrounding,Dickens constructs various kinds of background introductions where is full of suspense and symbol,and it seems that all the backgrounds are inseparably closed to the fate of the protagonist,leaving a clue for the reader to pick out the main idea of the total work.This thesis firstly reviews the theory of foregrounding and then analyses the foregrounding using in the background introductions in Oliver Twist,presenting a holistic overview the aim of the author and what he aims at expressing through the intended background description.

The Lateral Occipital Complex is Activated by Melody with Accompaniment: Foreground and Background Segregation in Auditory Processing

Objective: Most of the western music consists of a melody and an accompaniment. The melody is referred to as the foreground, with the accompaniment the background. In visual processing, the lateral occipital complex (LOC) is known to participate in foreground and background segregation. We investigated the role of LOC in music processing with use of positron emission tomography (PET). Method: Musically na?ve subjects listened to unfamiliar novel melodies with (accompaniment condition) and without the accompaniment (melodic condition). Using a PET subtraction technique, we studied changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during the accompaniment condition compared to the melodic condition. Results: The accompanyment condition was associated with bilateral increase of rCBF at the lateral and medial surfaces of both occipital lobes, medial parts of fusiform gyri, cingulate gyri, precentral gyri, insular cortices, and cerebellum. During the melodic condition, the activation at the anterior and posterior portions of the temporal lobes, medial surface of the frontal lobes, inferior frontal gyri, orbitofrontal cortices, inferior parietal lobules, and cerebellum was observed. Conclusions: The LOC participates in recognition of melody with accompaniment, a phenomenon that can be regarded as foreground and background segregation in auditory processing. The fusiform cortex which was known to participate in the color recognition might be activated by the recognition of flourish sounds by the accompaniment, compared to melodic condition. It is supposed that the LOC and fusiform cortex play similar functions beyond the difference of sensory modalities.

A Light Source System of Multi-star Simulator with Adjustable Background and Controllable Magnitude

A light source of multi-star simulator capable of background adjustment and magnitude control has been designed.Two integrating spheres are employed as the star-point light source and the background light source respectively.A beam splitter prism has been designed to serve as the beam combiner for the star-point and the background light sources,and a mathematical model has been constructed respectively to compute the light flux of the two integrating spheres.A magnitude testing system and a background testing system have been created using low-light illuminometer,luminance meter,and testing instruments to measure the star-point magnitude and the background luminance of the multi-star simulator.The test results suggest that the star-point magnitude is adjustable from0 to+5 m_v,with a simulation precision superior to ±0.026 m_v.The maximum background luminance is 3.8×10~5 cd·m^(-2),and the minimum background luminance is6.4×10^(-2)cd·m^(-2).The designed light source system can meet the requirements for simulating the stellar map with a sky background.

On Foreground-Background and Transitivity in Chinese Shiwu(事物) Expository Discourse

Foreground-background and transitivity are very important in discourse linguistics,the features of which vary from types of discourse.Chinese shiwu expository discourse has its own semantic features about foreground-background;and this type of discourse is characterized by low transitivity,especially in foreground.

高温承压破碎机械控制系统设计和应用

为了实现高温承压破碎机械的连续运行,采用理论设计和模拟验证的方式,开发了一种新架构的电气控制系统;针对某石化项目工艺配置情况,将常规“一控一”防爆电气控制柜置于现场的形式,升级为“一控多”方式,并放置于安全区域,有效减小安全风险、减少成本、实现集中控制;控制系统采用西门子最新的PLC1517H冗余CPU,并通过冗余方式与分布式I/O进行通信;通过模块化编程、UDT结构、永久区域等方法,使编程、组态更加准确高效;采用安全可靠的MODBUS RTU与中控系统实现通信,使其可以监控设备的运行状态;通过现场运行反馈,控制系统保证了设备稳定、可靠的运行,操作、维护便利性较佳。

“不知道”的句法语义多角度研究

基于“不知道”进行多角度观察,主要讨论句法主语、言者主语和两解时的句法语义限制因素:第一,不同的句法层级对语义解读有着不同影响,其中语气>时体>句法成分。第二,主语、状语、宾语、谓词、固定结构及句式构成的事件能否表达强认识性或者[+控制性]是言者主语语义识解的关键因素;宾语小句的叙实性影响语义解读;不同的语气范畴倾向解读为不同的语义。第三,在叙实/非叙实框架下,“不知道”作为焦点敏感算子,与其他焦点敏感算子在句法语义各层面因素共同作用是这类特殊“S+不知道+VP”单解/歧解的必要条件,而充分条件或者内在动因则是信息结构的“完形重塑”。

CEO教育背景与内部控制信息披露质量

高学历水平通常意味着拥有更扎实的专业素养以及更理性的行为,而在愈发重视内部控制信息披露的资本市场中,作为核心管理者的首席执行官(CEO),其教育背景是否与内部控制信息披露水平具有重要联系?基于2007—2021年中国A股上市公司的相关数据,实证检验CEO教育背景对企业内部控制信息披露质量的影响。基准回归结果表明,高学历CEO能稳健地提升企业内部控制信息披露质量。进一步的机制分析结果表明,CEO学历水平有效提升了CEO能力,从而促进内部控制信息披露质量提升,而CEO能力所隐含的声誉也是重要机制之一。分项检验结果显示,高学历CEO主要提高了内部环境、控制活动及信息与沟通等方面的信息披露质量。异质性分析结果显示,对于代理问题成本高、规模小的企业,高学历CEO对企业内部控制信息披露质量的提升效应更为明显。研究结论丰富了CEO个人特征的经济后果研究和内部控制信息披露质量的影响因素研究,为经理人的治理作用增添了新的经验证据。

CEO信息技术背景与企业绿色技术创新:理论机制与实证检验

提升绿色技术创新水平是企业可持续发展的必然选择。具有信息技术背景的CEO能够着眼于未来发展趋势,发掘企业绿色创新潜力。基于此,利用2012—2021年我国A股上市企业的数据,探究CEO信息技术背景对企业绿色技术创新的影响及作用机制。研究发现:CEO信息技术背景能够显著促进企业绿色技术创新,并通过推动数字化转型和提高内部控制质量两种中介机制助推企业绿色技术创新;CEO信息技术背景对企业绿色技术创新的促进作用在国有企业、大规模企业及行业竞争较强的企业中更加显著。结论丰富了CEO信息技术背景的经济后果及企业绿色技术创新影响因素的相关研究,对推进企业绿色技术创新具有重要启示。

稀疏分解和图拉普拉斯正则化的图像前景背景分割方法

针对现有图像前景背景分割方法的分割结果存在孤立像素点的问题,利用图信号处理理论和稀疏分解模型,提出新的图像前景背景分割方法.将图像的内在结构建模为图,通过图模型有效地刻画像素之间的内在关联性.将图像的像素强度建模为图信号,其中图像背景作为平滑分量,由一组图傅里叶变换基函数线性表示,叠加在背景上的前景为稀疏分量,前景像素间的连通性可由图拉普拉斯正则化项进行刻画.将图像前景背景分割问题归结为包含稀疏分解模型和图拉普拉斯正则化项的约束优化问题,采用交替方向乘子法对该优化问题进行求解.实验结果表明,与现有的其他方法相比,所提方法具有更好的分割效果.

基于深度信息的照明目标识别方法

照明用电存在的能源浪费问题越来越受到关注,图像传感方法逐渐应用在照明控制领域中。基于单目图像的照明传感方法容易受到光照和纹理等因素的干扰。针对以上问题,该文提出了结合深度信息进行背景分离,提取场景中潜在的照明目标,并利用图像矩作为描述子进行目标识别的方法。搭建了双目实验平台进行室内场景测试,结果表明,该方法可以有效分离、识别并定位出场景中的照明目标,相对单目背景分离方法得到的分离轮廓更完整,对背景与目标灰度差异不敏感,对于大面积、高精度照明控制场景具备一定的应用价值。

淮北煤田钱营孜矿井控煤构造特征及其动力学背景分析

钱营孜矿井位于淮北煤田宿县矿区的西部,毗邻徐宿弧形推覆构造南段的外缘带。为认识该矿井构造变形与演化规律、动力学机制以及指导未来资源探采方向提供重要地质依据。利用最新的矿井地质勘探与生产资料,对钱营孜矿井开展构造格架和控煤构造样式分析,划分矿井构造期次,讨论构造发育的区域大地构造背景。结果表明,矿井内石炭纪-二叠纪含煤地层总体呈一轴向NNE、向SSW仰起的宽缓向斜;矿井内断裂构造非常发育,逆断层数量大于正断层,2类断层的走向均以NE至NNE向为主,其次为NS向;矿井构造格架显著受控于数条NS向至NE向的大型断层,自西向东受南坪断层、F_(22)、F_(17)、DF_(200)及双堆断层等主干断层的分割,呈现东、西分带特征;矿井控煤构造样式可以划分为挤压、伸展和走滑3个类型,以及逆冲牵引褶皱、对冲式构造、冲起构造、叠瓦状构造、地堑、地垒、阶梯状断层、正花状构造、羽状雁列式构造9个亚类型;构造组合分析表明,F_(17)断层除逆冲活动之外,还存在显著的平移活动。矿井构造可划分为5期,从早到晚分别为:轴向NNE的冯家向斜、近NS向逆断层、NNE向逆-左行平移断层及NE向逆断层、近NS向正断层、NE向正断层。矿井内第1,2期缩短构造分别是印支期华北克拉通与华南板块汇聚过程中的前陆变形及随后陆-陆碰撞造山变形的影响结果;第3期压扭性构造与西太平洋区伊泽奈崎板块早白垩世初向东亚大陆边缘快速斜向俯冲有关;第4,5期伸展构造则是早白垩世以来中国东部强烈伸展背景下发育而成。

图像处理技术在船舶智能控制器中的应用

为了提高船舶的自主控制能力和运行效率,研究图像处理技术在船舶智能控制器中的应用。利用摄像机采集船舶图像,获取持续更新的船舶序列图像。采用大津法确定船舶目标提取阈值,利用背景差分法提取船舶图像目标。从船舶图像目标中,提取船舶位置、船舶尺寸、船舶航向角、船舶航行速度,作为船舶智能控制的运动态势参数。利用船舶运动态势参数中的位置矢量与速度矢量,构建船舶的动力学模型、船舶的积分滑模控制面,设计船舶智能控制器,实现船舶航行的智能控制。实验结果表明,采用该方法控制船舶,船舶的实际舵角与期望舵角相差较小,可有效提升船舶的自主控制能力。

4K超高清新闻演播室创新设计与实践

在媒体融合大变革时代,传统电视媒体力图通过超高清节目制播扬长避短,获得与新兴媒体的竞争优势,从而实现高质量发展。在从高清向超高清过渡的过程中,尽可能保持现有工作流程与系统架构,降低技术使用门槛并确保节目安全播出,是电视台需要重点考虑的课题。以厦门广播电视集团4K超高清新闻演播室建设为例,介绍整体设计思路与实施方案,对演播室的使用情况和创新点进行归纳总结,为电视台超高清新闻演播室建设提供参考。

录音室背景噪声控制策略

通过深入分析录音室背景噪声的来源和对录音环境的影响,探讨如何有效地控制录音室的背景噪声,总结出优化隔声设计、消声处理、振动控制等方面的措施,为广播电视台提供有益的参考和借鉴。

典型地质背景区土壤重金属污染生态防治技术研究

选取某典型地质背景作为研究区域,通过合理布置采样点采集土壤样品,测定土壤中各重金属元素含量,结合研究区的地质条件与实际概况,分析土壤重金属污染物的浓度特征与垂向剖面土壤团聚体重金属分布特征,基于此,针对土壤重金属的污染特征制备土壤污染修复淋洗剂,并进行了污染生态防治实验,通过比较低、中、高三种浓度下不同类型淋洗剂对Mn、Pb和Zn的去除效果可知,对于土壤中Mn、Pb和Zn具有较好去除效果的淋洗剂类型及浓度分别为中浓度的EDTA、高浓度乙酸和高浓度的草酸。

羟考酮无背景剂量静脉自控镇痛在老年髋关节置换术后的应用效果

目的探讨羟考酮无背景剂量静脉自控镇痛在老年髋关节置换术后的应用效果。方法选取南京一民医院2021年1月至2022年12月收治的80例择期采用蛛网膜下隙-硬膜外联合麻醉下行髋关节置换术的老年患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字法分为SF组(40例)和Q组(40例),SF组采用舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg配置100 ml的静脉自控镇痛,Q组采用羟考酮0.5 mg/kg配置100 ml的静脉自控镇痛,两组均无背景剂量,镇痛时间均设置48 h。比较两组患者术后2 h(T_(2))、6 h(T_(6))、12 h(T_(12))、24 h(T_(24))、48 h(T_(48))的静脉自控镇痛使用情况,静息和运动时视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、谵妄发生率、谵妄持续时间、住院时间及不良反应(皮肤瘙痒、恶心呕吐、低氧血症、心动过缓)发生率。结果两组患者静息及活动时T_(2)、T_(6)、T_(12)、T_(24)、T_(48)VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Q组术后谵妄率(5.0%)低于SF组(22.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Q组谵妄的持续时间[(1.89±0.35)h]短于SF组[(2.89±1.58)h],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Q组的住院时间[(11.45±2.55)d]短于SF组[(14.78±2.22)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Q组术后不良反应总发生率低于SF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论羟考酮无背景剂量静脉自控镇痛在老年髋关节置换术后镇痛中有良好的安全性和有效性,可降低术后谵妄的发生。

韩国语被动句语义色彩的认知解释

该文旨在探究韩国语被动句中的语义色彩及其认知解释。被动句有着不同的语义色彩,先行研究已经表明韩国语被动句具有极强的负面语义色彩倾向。文章从认知语言学的角度,基于前景—背景理论与原型范畴理论,对被动句负面语义色彩的认知理据进行研究。通过对负面语义色彩的被动句进行分析,发现被动语义色彩的倾向来源于事件中的受事角色在认知中经过前景化得到凸显和强调,而及物动词句的原型宾语,也就是受事角色的典型核心语义特征是[+受损],所以韩国语被动句也常常蕴含与[+受损]相关的负面语义色彩。这些发现不仅深化了韩国语被动句的理解,也为从认知角度阐释韩国语提供了参考。

低碳背景下火力发电电气自动化控制技术研究

常规火力发电技术在搭建控制架构方面不准确,脱硝时间过长,以此来设计实现低碳背景下的火力发电电气自动化控制技术。首先将单元炉进行一体化统一,通过对实时动态信息汇总来设定自动化控制参数,接下来通过自动化控制参数来搭建动态模糊自动化控制架构,以此营造集成化驱动控制的行为并列出动态模糊自动化控制协议预设表。对其分析并设计集成控制结构大体流程图。完成以上操作可实现自动化控制低碳火力发电。以此提出对比实验,将自动化控制技术与人工控制火力发电和基于adbs技术控制火力发电在750m3和3000m3单元炉,其他条件相同的情况下,将脱硝时间进行对比,分析得出电气自动化控制技术在火力发电应用中具有更显著效果的结论。