China's foreign aid for global poverty alleviation:artemisinin-based combination therapies against malaria in Togo

From providing funds for the global fight against infectious diseases,to actively participating in global health security actions,to strengthening mutual cooperation in the field of health,and providing medical treatment,training and scholarships to countries in need,China’s foreign aid on global poverty alleviation is increasingly diversified and expanding in scale.Indeed,China is playing an increasingly important leading role in the global health agenda.It is worth mentioning that over the years,artemisinin compound have saved millions of lives all over the world,especially in poverty-stricken areas.China’s work mode of malaria elimination has also been written into WHO’s technical documents and recommended to other countries.Since 2007,Chinese medical staff has carried out the Artemisinin Compound Malaria Control Project in Comoros,bringing Chinese prevention and treatment programs to the local area.By 2014,Comoros had achieved zero deaths from malaria,and the number of cases had dropped by 98%.Now,this program is also extended to Togo,another African country.This article preliminarily summarizes the malaria profile in Togo and introduces China-Togo Cooperative Artemisinin Malaria Control Demonstration Project to provide a reference for better anti-malaria assistance in Togo,and also shows one of the substantive actions of China’s participation in global health governance,which contributes Chinese wisdom and offers Chinese solutions to global poverty alleviation.

Invigorating foreign aid administration:remittances’strategy,pro-poor and gender focus

Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Meanwhile,the impact of remittances has been widely acknowledged in the national development process.Methods:This study therefore reviews the extant foreign aid administrative norms and practices using various conceptual frameworks and diagrammatic representations with a view to identifying the inherent weaknesses in the process.Results:In the light of the findings,the study pitches its tent around the concept of remittances as a learning process for aid administration.Consequently,the pro-poor and gender focus approaches of remittances to development,as well as its bottomup approach is proposed as a conceptual framework for aid administration.Conclusions:The study concludes that,strict adherence to bottom-up approaches proposed in this article would keep corruption and other unethical practices which have rendered the aid administrative process inefficient,to the barest minimum.

Electoral Authoritarianism in Togo: How Has Foreign Aid Impacted the Democratization Process in Togo From 2005 to 2010?

After four decades of military dictatorship,Togo is still facing a dilemma of whether to break with the past and take a path of democratization or make changes in the continuity.The death of the former President Gnassingbe Eyadema in 2005 was seen by the Togolese community at home and around the world as a window of opportunity or a step toward the emergence of the political liberalization in the country.Unfortunately,with the backing of the Togolese army,Faure Gnassingbe,one of the sons of Eyadema,was enthroned as the country’s new President since 2005.The international economic sanctions on Togo in the aftermath of the death of Eyadema,due to continuing human rights abuses and violations by the authoritarian regime,have accentuated the already acute suffering and poverty of the Togolese population.However,the 2006 Global Political Agreement reached between the traditional political opposition parties and the government paved the way to the normalization of the international cooperation with Togo and hence the lifting of economic sanctions by the international community.Drawing from Solow-Swan growth model and a cross-national causality test of the development-democracy-growth hypothesis of Abbas Pourgerami,this paper investigates the impact of foreign aid on the democratization process since 2005 and argues that foreign aid played a paramount role in consolidating electoral authoritarianism instead of establishing a viable democracy in Togo.

Exploring the cooperation mechanism for foreign aid training in the field of ocean governance between China and ASEAN countries under the‘Belt and Road’Initiative

Analyzed the foreign aid training in the field of ocean governance between China and ASEAN countries under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative,and discussed problems and challenges faced by the foreign aid training.According to international training's characteristics and trend,the author put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of foreign aid training between China-ASEAN ocean governance by standardizing the management mechanism,expanding the layout of training,enriching the content of courses,fostering stronger team building,and enhancing the political mutual trust.

Institutional Quality,Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Recipient Countries

Foreign aid is an important aspect of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)for enhancing two-way cooperation with BRI countries. Based on the panel data of China’sforeign aid over the period 2000-2014, this paper employs the Worldwide GovernanceIndicators (WGI) to conduct an empirical study on the economic growth effects of China’sforeign aid and recipient countries’ institutional quality with the endogeneity of aid takeninto account. Results of our empirical study suggest that (i) China’s foreign aid, especiallyinfrastructure aid, can effectively promote economic growth in recipient countries;(ii)sound institutional development offers an important assurance for economic growth inrecipient countries;(iii) sample-specific regression reveals that the institutional quality ofrecipient countries can significantly influence the economic growth effects of China’s foreignaid, especially economic infrastructure aid for recipient countries in Asia and Europe.To improve aid effectiveness and quality, China needs to improve aid structure, superviseaid program implementation, and mitigate the impact of institutional risks in recipientcountries.

A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Remittances and Foreign Aid on Human Capital Growth and Brain Drain in Africa

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data were collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.

The Catastrophe of Corruption in the Sustainability of Foreign aid:A Prediction of Artificial Neural Network Method in Indonesia

The rising corruption levels in Indonesia are becoming a cause for concern and raise doubts about their impact on the stability of foreign aid in the country.Therefore,this study aims to predict the long-term viability of foreign aid in Indonesia based on international perceptions of corruption and corruption cases in the country.Data were obtained from World Governance Indicators,the Indonesian Ministry of Finance,and the World Bank,and the study used a backpropagation artificial neural network(ANN)for prediction.The results from ANN are compared to linear models and vector autoregression(VAR).The finding shows that ANN outperforms the other models based on the coefficient of determination and MSE values.Furthermore,it highlights the strong relationship between corruption perception and foreign aid sustainability with an R-value of 0.991.According to the ANN estimation,gratification has a significant impact on foreign aid.In response to this finding,the study recommends the Indonesian government take action to combat corruption in maintaining the international trust and ensuring the stability of foreign aid.

The International Political Significance of Chinese and US Foreign Aid： As Seen in United Nations General Assembly Voting

The effect of China＇s rapid development on Sino-US relations and the existing international order is an important theoretical issue in current international relations research. We use empirical research methods to explore whether and how China has influenced the results of US ＂vote-buying＂ in the United Nations General Assembly （UNGA） through foreign aid. We find that through the mechanisms of foreign policy preferences, vulnerability and credibility, Chinese foreign aid has decreased US manipulation of UNGA voting. However, this is not a subjective strategic choice on China＇s part but the objective result of Chinese economic development. Taking the game of Sino-US foreign aid in international politics as the entry point and squarely facing the structural contradictions and competition that exist between China and the US will help us understand not only the problems and obstacles China will encounter on its future developmental path, but also the necessity and difficulty of risk control in Sino-US relations.

The Dialectics of China＇s Foreign Aid： Interactions Shaping China＇s Aid Policy

China＇s foreign aid has received much attention, but the knowledge of its determinants is limited. We show how domestic political forces interact with international circumstances to shape Chinese aid policies. The article applies Carol Lancaster＇s framework on the interaction of domestic ideas, institutions, and in- terests in the development of foreign aid policy. We describe the dynamics of the Chinese domestic context and the interaction of these forces with international circumstances. The article concludes that shifts in ideology and interest both fa- cilitated and required changes in the foreign aid program. While other countries are subject to similar domestic political forces, China appears relatively unique as donor because of large oscillations and simultaneous continuity of its aid program under the pressure of these domestic political forces.

Saudi Arabia’s Economic Diplomacy through Foreign Aid: Dynamics, Objectives and Mode

Economic diplomacy is an important part of a country’s overall diplomacy,and foreign aid is an essential tool in a country’s economic diplomacy.With the accumulation of wealth,Saudi Arabia uses its petrodollars to carry out economic diplomacy,and by increasing the amount of aid and expanding aid targets,it achieves multiple goals.This article analyzes the policy objectives of Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid from the perspectives of political,economic and religious dynamics,and reviews the main models in this field,namely,strategic foreign aid,development-oriented foreign aid and humanitarian foreign aid.The author believes that Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid is double-sided.On the one hand,it actively implements the development goals of South-South cooperation and contributes to the promotion of global economic recovery and development;on the other hand,it promotes Wahhabi expansion and development,bringing certain threats to the world’s traditional security.However,since 2015,the Saudi government has begun to control,regulate,and minimize religious promotion to reduce certain threats that Wahhabism has generated.

China’s Foreign Aid to the Middle East:History and Development

As one of the important components of China’s Middle East diplomacy and overall foreign aid,Middle East states have received aid from China since 1954.While the research in this regard is fragmented to a certain extent,the problem of interpretation has become more and more controversial.This paper attempts to review the history of China’s aid to Middle East states through the integration of research data,through three stages of division and analysis of typical forms of aid.This paper finds that the medical teams of foreign aid sent by China in the 1960s and the labour export in the 1970s were developed from the practice of China’s aid to the Middle East states and then extended to other regions.In the early 21st century,China further strengthened its technological cooperation and human resources development cooperation with Middle East states in the new era of rising economic status.This article finds complexities in the role of Middle East states in the field of international aid and the dynamic changes in actual aid needs,due to the lack of authoritative information on relevant regions,total amount of country aid and the amount of funds for each type of aid,as well as the deviations in definitions of‘aid’at home and abroad,which has limited Chinese literature on aid to the Middle East.

Foreign Aid and Externality—A Perspective from China

The study conducted here is an attempt to answer the questions of where China stands as a recipient,what multilateral and bilateral aid has brought to China,and why.For the convenience of discussion,I shall concentrate on:The period after 1979 when China started its economic reformOfficial Development Assistance (ODA) commitments and types of flows,andThe OECD figures.

新时代高等职业院校对外援助实践模式研究

高等职业院校是新时代我国开展高等职业教育对外援助的实践主体,发挥着核心作用。基于我国对外援助方式和管理体制创新的新变化和新要求,从政策层面、理论层面、实践层面三个维度构建对新时代高等职业院校对外援助实践的逻辑认知,通过对高等职业院校对外援助实践典型模式和关键性问题的剖析,探析符合新时代发展要求的高等职业院校对外援助实践模式,并根据国家关于“精准援助”的工作要求提出相应策略和建议,为高等职业院校在新时代高质量“走出去”提供理论支撑与实践参考。

援外医疗队员保持身心健康的实践与体会——以第六批援多米尼克中国医疗队为例

援外医疗工作是一项艰苦而光荣的任务。援外医疗队员在经济社会发展落后、医疗卫生条件艰苦、语言文化不同的异国他乡面临着诸多影响身心健康的因素,给援外医疗工作和生活带来挑战。针对生活环境、文化差异、工作压力、思亲之苦等因素对援外医疗队员身心健康造成的不利影响,以第六批援多米尼克中国医疗队工作生活实践为例,积极思考并探索保持援外医疗队员身心健康的具体措施,从而为援外医疗队员今后更好地开展工作提供有价值的参考和指引。

基于ITSA模型的浙江省世界银行贷款千岛湖项目成效分析

针对国家级战略规划《千岛湖及新安江上游流域水资源与生态环境保护综合规划》的出台,浙江省于2018年11月启动了世界银行贷款浙江千岛湖及新安江流域水资源与生态环境保护项目。为评估该项目对千岛湖水资源的阶段性保护成效,本文采用中断时间序列分析ITSA模型进行定量分析,研究千岛湖项目与千岛湖水基金协同执行2年之后的治理成效。研究结论显示,千岛湖部分水质指标的改善已进入瓶颈期,要获得水质的进一步提升,仍需继续加大科技投入,除提升上游来水水质外,还要从提升水环境治理的科技水平、治理广度与深度等方面着手,才能获得更大突破。

新形势下我国对外科技援助的发展及优化思考

对外科技援助已逐渐成为我国对外援助以及科技理念推广的重要手段。近10年来,我国政府主导的对外科技援助工作逐步完善并形成体系,取得了切实的成果成效。在回顾对外科技援助的演变历程和政策举措的基础上,分析近10年来对外科技援助工作的特点,归纳总结所取得的成效经验,并据此提出对未来科技援外工作的优化建议。

从开发式援助到赋能式援助——中国国际发展合作范式变革研究

新中国成立以来,中国的对外援助形成了独特的中国路径。与其他大国相比,中国的对外援助坚持不附带任何政治条件,不干涉受援国内政,形成了开发式援助的独特路径。此种开发式援助在取得一定效果的同时,也存在不少问题,如可能导致受援国无法形成自主可持续发展的能力。随着中国综合国力和国际影响力不断提升,中国逐步从以国际主义理念为主导的对外援助向以共商共建共享理念为主导的国际发展合作转型。通过分析中国对非洲加纳的援助案例,发现:从开发式援助向国际发展合作转型是新时代中国对外援助的大势所趋,决定援助效果的关键因素是国际发展的治理体系设计和治理能力水平。新时代中国国际发展合作应高举全球南方的旗帜,在南南合作的框架下,在尊重受援国意愿的基础上,更加突出赋能式援助,重视完善与有关方开展优势互补、富有成效的三边和区域合作治理体系,不断提升发展合作的治理能力,共同推动全球减贫和可持续发展进程。

中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队中医药传播效果评价研究

目的综合评价中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队中医药传播效果。方法应用国际传播“能力-效力型”效果评估框架,结合医疗队工作情况,从传播能力与传播效力两个维度综合评价医疗队中医药传播效果。传播能力维度,根据医疗队在柬埔寨工作一年的业务数据资料,评价医疗队中医药传播宏观表现。传播效力维度,根据国际传播效果评估理论,设计包含知识、态度、行为、满意度四个方面的传播效力调查问卷,面向柬埔寨当地民众发放,共发放问卷500份,有效回收388份,有效回收率77.6%。使用配对样本t检验分析医疗队在柬埔寨工作前后受众在中医药知识、态度、行为方面的变化。结合满意度评价,分析援外医疗队中医药传播微观效果。结果传播能力方面,中国援柬埔寨中医抗疫医疗队传播基础佳、传播渠道广、传播覆盖率高、受众粘性好。传播效力方面,受众对中医药的知识、态度、行为在医疗队工作前后均发生显著变化(P<0.01),满意度得分为4.227分。

国际援外医疗队的比较研究

目的通过对日本、美国、印度的援外医疗队的比较研究,有助于推进我国援外医疗工作实现新跨越、迈上新台阶,向国际发展合作转型升级。方法检索有关3个国家援外医疗队的文献与资料,就体制机制、援助形式、对外医疗培训、传统医药援助和援助效果评估5个方面进行比较。结果日、美两国在各个方面差距较小,而印度在对外医疗援助中则存在不同模式。结论我国可加强医疗队在国际社会的宣传,胸怀国内国际两个大局,不断优化对外医疗援助事务的整体布局,加强卫生健康民间国际交流合作,构建5G智慧医疗技术高地实现远程援助。