The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanizat...The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators(WDI)from 1972 to 2021.The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth,FDI,trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage,which was traced through the autoregressivedistributed lag(ARDL).The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage,economic growth,FDI,urbanization,and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993,1996,1982,2008,and 1994,respectively.The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run(0.814)and short-run(0.809).Moreover,the results also show that FDI(0.028)and trade openness(0.043)have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run.However,urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run(–0.965).Then,the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness,with energy usage significantly causing trade openness.The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources.These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.展开更多
Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax po...Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax policy on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and air pollution in ECOWAS region over the period 2000 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and panel data analyses (fixed effects and random effects), the results show that, in general, FDI does not have a significant effect on air pollution in the region. However, closer analysis reveals that an interaction between FDI and an attractive tax policy has a negative effect on air quality, leading to an increase in air pollution. Thus, companies attracted by tax incentives may not meet rigorous environmental standards. These results highlight the importance for policymakers to balance economic incentives with environmental protection in ECOWAS. Attractive tax policies can stimulate investment, but they must be designed in a way that encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby helping to improve air quality in the region.展开更多
As the major source of air pollution,sulfur dioxide(S0_(2))emissions have become the focus of global attention.However,existing studies rarely consider spatial effects when discussing the relationship between foreign ...As the major source of air pollution,sulfur dioxide(S0_(2))emissions have become the focus of global attention.However,existing studies rarely consider spatial effects when discussing the relationship between foreign direct investment(FDI)and S0_(2) emissions.This study took the Yangtze River Delta as the research area and used the spatial panel data of 26 cities in this region for 2004-2017.The study investigated the spatial agglomeration effects and dynamics at work in FDI and S0_(2) emissions by using global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation.Then,based on regression analysis using a results of traditional ordinary least squares(OLS)model and a spatial econometric model,the spatial Durbin model(SDM)with spatial-time effects was adopted to quantify the impact of FDI on S0_(2) emissions,so as to avoid the regression results bias caused by ignoring the spatial effects.The results revealed a significant spatial autocorrelation between FDI and S0_(2) emissions,both of which displayed obvious path dependence characteristics in their geographical distribution.A series of agglomeration regions were observed on the spatial scale.The estimation results of the SDM showed that FDI inflow promoted S0_(2) emissions,which supports the pollution haven hypothesis.The findings of this study are significant in the prevention and control of air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.展开更多
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and the development of the hosted nations is a major issue facing researchers in many disciplines, especially in economic geography. This paper reviews the current available literature ...Foreign direct investment (FDI) and the development of the hosted nations is a major issue facing researchers in many disciplines, especially in economic geography. This paper reviews the current available literature pertaining to the impact of FDI on the economic development in China, and emphasizes four points. First, although China is the second largest of FDI recipient and one of the fastest growing nations in the world, it has not drawn enough attention of researchers on the topic. And very few publications are found specifically focusing on the economic impact of FDI. Second, many areas of the impact of FDI have remained untouched. Particularly, there are needs for further studies to address the impact of FDI on efficient use of resources and overall competitiveness of the country. Third, in the theoretical aspect, research should explore the nature of bargaining power of all participants. Finally, it is suggested to select a number of case study areas and foreign funded enterprises for in depth studies.展开更多
The need to balance economic growth and its environmental impact continues to be a serious issue in China.As environmental regulation in China increases in importance,it is critical to understand how it impacts econom...The need to balance economic growth and its environmental impact continues to be a serious issue in China.As environmental regulation in China increases in importance,it is critical to understand how it impacts economic growth drivers such as outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)to formulate effective policies.One consideration should be the hidden economy,which can weaken the effects of environmental regulation on OFDI.This study investigates the scale of the hidden economy in 30 provinces and province-level municipalities in China in the period 2004 to 2015.The study uses the multiple indicators and multiple causes(MIMIC)model and the systematic generalized method of moments(GMM)test to analyze the impact of environmental regulation and the hidden economy on China's OFDI.The results show that stronger environmental regulation promotes OFDI.However,the hidden economy inhibits China's OFDI,as the positive effects of environmental regulation that drive OFDI are distorted.From a regional perspective,stronger environmental regulation promotes OFDI as well,while the hidden economy inhibits it.The interaction between environmental regulation and the hidden economy also inhibits it significantly.展开更多
Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simu...Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simultaneous equation to analyze the relationship between fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment,and environmental pollution.The results showed that environmental pollution has the characteristics of time inertia and positive spatial spillover;fiscal decentralization and local government competition have a significant“race to bottom”effect on environmental pollution;and with the increase of fiscal decentralization,environmental quality will deteriorate.In the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution under the system of fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment aggravates environmental pollution.Meanwhile,if the environmental pollution in a given region is serious,the willingness of foreign investors to invest therein is lessened to a certain extent.Based on the conditions in China,certain policy suggestions are put forward to increase environmental quality,such as building a comprehensive performance assessment mechanism that includes environmental quality,optimizing the decentralization system,and raising the threshold of foreign investment access.展开更多
In the context of economic globalization and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints,the environmental effect of open economy has been highly concerned by the academic community.With the implementati...In the context of economic globalization and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints,the environmental effect of open economy has been highly concerned by the academic community.With the implementation of the“Going Global”campaign and the“Belt and Road Initiative”,China’s OFDI has been expanding.What is the impact of the rapid growth of OFDI on the home environment?How can China improve the quality and level of OFDI in order to promote domestic green development under the dual context of constructing a new dual circulation development pattern and advocating green development?These questions deserve further discussion.Most of the existing literature focuses on the empirical interpretation of OFDI’s home country environmental effect by using linear models,while few involve nonlinear models.The literature on the important role of financial development in home country and the threshold effect of OFDI on home country environment is even less common.In view of this,based on the mechanism of argumentation and propositional inference,this paper calculated the environmental pollution index of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017 by using China’s provincial panel data of these years and selecting industrial waste water,industrial waste gas,industrial SO_(2),and industrial soot emissions and industrial solid waste production amount index.Then,this paper empirically studied China's OFDI home environment of financial development threshold effect by constructing financial development as the threshold variables panel threshold model.The results showed that:①China’s OFDI had a significant impact on the environment of the home country,based on the level of financial development of the home country.When China’s financial development level was lower than the first threshold value,China’s OFDI had a significant restraining effect on environmental pollution in the home country.When China’s financial development level crossed the first threshold value but did not exceed the second threshold value,China’s OFDI significantly enhanced its inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in its home country.When China’s financial development level was higher than the second threshold value,the inhibiting effect of China’s OFDI on environmental pollution in the home country was further enhanced.②In the sample period,the financial development level of most provinces in China was not high.Only a few provinces with high financial development level had a strong inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in their home country,and the provinces with a high degree of coupling and coordination between OFDI and financial development tended to have a low level of environmental pollution.Accordingly,this paper proposes to optimize the financial service environment of OFDI,improve the green technology content of OFDI,and strengthen the original innovation and re-innovation ability of green technology.展开更多
The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in African countries.Can foreign direct investment(FDI)from China as an important source of external...The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in African countries.Can foreign direct investment(FDI)from China as an important source of external financing help African countries achieve their SDGs?This study used the panel data random effects model to analyze the influence of China’s direct investment on SDG scores.Then,the study conducted the ordered probit model to examine the influence of FDI from China on the trend of achieving each SDG in Africa,with the SDGs being grouped into social,economic,and environmental dimensions.Results showed that China’s direct investment contributed to the achievement of SDGs in Africa.FDI from China positively influenced the SDG score in general and some of the 17 SDG scores including SDG 7(Affordable and Clean Energy),SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth),SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure),SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production),SDG 13(Climate Action),and SDG 15(Life on Land).The relationship between FDI from China and the trends for SDG 7,8,9,11(Sustainable Cities and Communities),and 14(Life below Water)was significantly positive.However,the SDG scores above belonged to the economic and environmental dimensions,whereas FDI from China had no significant influence on the social-dimension SDG scores and trends.To further expand the scale of China’s direct investment,more investment scopes,particularly those in the social dimension,should be developed.Moreover,China-Africa cooperation should be deepened to create a good investment environment for the achievement of African countries’SDGs and to facilitate China’s implementation of promoting the development of developing countries as mentioned in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and building the China-Africa community with a shared future.展开更多
This research explored the impact of foreign direct investments on the Agricultural sector output with emphasis on exports in Zimbabwe from 2000-2017.The study sought to establish whether agriculture could flourish in...This research explored the impact of foreign direct investments on the Agricultural sector output with emphasis on exports in Zimbabwe from 2000-2017.The study sought to establish whether agriculture could flourish in the absence of foreign direct investments.It was also essential to investigate whether the injection of foreign direct investment into the Agriculture sector had a positive or negative impact on the outputs especially agricultural exports.The research used data drawn from a sample of five agricultural products which are tobacco,cotton lint,raw sugar,soya beans,and macadamia nuts.The Ordinary Least Squares and Unit Root tests were used because they assume that FDI can stimulate growth if it brings increasing returns to production and also in the outputs.The research study was a desktop research which used both qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting data.Data were obtained from Zimbabwe Statistics Agency(ZIMSTATS),foreign direct investment figures,and percentages of agricultural investment to total investments were collected from Zimbabwe Investment Authority(ZIA).Questionnaires were also used to obtain data from both those farmers who received and those who did not receive foreign investments as inputs.The results obtained showed that there was a positive relationship which could also be measured by the growth models employed to establish the growth in increased outputs and exports after injecting FDIs into agriculture.Recommendations were made to both farmers and the Ministry of Agriculture to attract more FDIs into Zimbabwe’s Agriculture sector.展开更多
The implementation of China’s open development strategy has unveiled a wave of outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)by Chinese companies,with global implications.Based on panel data from 146 developing countries fr...The implementation of China’s open development strategy has unveiled a wave of outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)by Chinese companies,with global implications.Based on panel data from 146 developing countries from 2003 to 2017,we investigate the growth effects of China’s OFDI.We find that China’s OFDI has promoted significant economic growth in developing countries.Not only could China’s OFDI increase GDP per capita of a country in a short time but raise the country’s long-run equilibrium value as well.In addition,the growth effects of China’s OFDI were more significant for countries with weak governance,rich resource,and modest human capital,and were above the average level for Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries,African countries,and in the post-crisis era.Our research helps unravel the global significance of Chinese companies investing overseas and contributes to research on the growth effects of direct investment between developing countries.展开更多
With the rapid development of globalization,the industries of various countries are actively seeking the best way to improve the global value chain(GVC)status while integrating into the world.As an important factor af...With the rapid development of globalization,the industries of various countries are actively seeking the best way to improve the global value chain(GVC)status while integrating into the world.As an important factor affecting the GVC status,foreign direct investment(FDI)has attracted extensive attention from scholars.On the basis of systematically summarizing the research progress of FDI theory,GVC status and the influence of FDI on GVC status,the paper tries to clarify the internal relationship between FDI and GVC status,explores the shortcomings of existing research,and puts forward the possible direction of future research.展开更多
The 21st century has seen the world superpowers,such as Russia and China and multi-lateral agencies encourage backward states to embrace and promote foreign direct investment(FDI)as an instrument to improve domestic p...The 21st century has seen the world superpowers,such as Russia and China and multi-lateral agencies encourage backward states to embrace and promote foreign direct investment(FDI)as an instrument to improve domestic production which will lead to economic growth and development.This is premised on the fact that FDI comes with transfer of technology,new and advanced management approaches,technical skills,and access to international markets.However,researchers have shown that occasionally FDI inflows achieve the opposite as they compete for the same markets with local industries and,as a result,they crowd out local industries leading to higher unemployment.Further,research has shown that most international financial crises were caused by rapid withdrawal of FDI.In essence,FDI can have positive and can also have negative effects on economic growth.Against this background,this discussion seeks to outline and look at the threats and opportunities that backward states,such as those in Africa will draw from the 21st century FDI from world superpowers.展开更多
This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direc...This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direct investment(FDI),gross domestic product(GDP),human capital,and openness with support of yearly time-series data from 1989 to 2017.The results from the Vector Error Correction Model(VECM)analysis technics discover that all the variables in long-term they move together.The findings also discovered that there is short-term causality running from GDP and human capital to FDI and no short-run causality found from openness to FDI as a result of Burundi’s policies that do not implement market seeker FDI.For VECM validation,the paper went through some post estimation diagnostic tests such as Lagrange multiplier tests and Jarque-Bera test,the results did not indicate any autocorrelation among the variables as the residuals were normally distributed.Openness being an important factor to attracting foreign investors,it is very crucial for Burundi to revise its trade policies and encourage a conducive environment that promotes foreign investment penetration by promoting and encouraging both domestic and foreign investors and keep improving human capital for more FDI attraction as a goal for Burundi economic growth.展开更多
The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Chinese foreign direct in...The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.</span>展开更多
With the further development of economic globalization since the establishment of ties between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) 30 years ago and the continuous increase in the scale of inter...With the further development of economic globalization since the establishment of ties between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) 30 years ago and the continuous increase in the scale of international students in China,the training of international talents has become an important approach to avoiding the risks of transnational investments.We established panel data by selecting variables from the period 2006 to 2017,including the scale of international students coming from ASEAN to China,the gross amount of China’s outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),and the GDP per capita of ASEAN countries to further explore the correlations among these variables.We applied a panel-vector autoregressive(PVAR) model to conducting a Granger causality test,a Gaussian mixture model(GMM) regression analysis,a Monte Carlo-based impulse response analysis,and variance decomposition of the data.The results show that the growth of OFDI exerted an obvious positive impact on the inflow of international students from the countries along the Belt and Road(B&R) within a short period,the growth of the scale of international students coming from these countries to study in China had a strong positive effect on OFDI,the training of international talents was conducive to promoting the scale of transnational investments,but the overall quality was not very high,and its economic contribution rate was low.It is also found that OFDI and the scale of international students from the countries along the B&R promoted the GDP growth to a certain extent and the positive accumulation effect fluctuated due to external factors.Therefore,it is suggested to expanding the scale of OFDI and improving China’s core competitiveness in international student education.Intensive management of investment factors should also be conducted along with sound development of training mechanisms for international talents.展开更多
China textile industry has achieved encouraging achievements, becoming the primary industry of the integration of investment, production, consumption, employment increase and foreign exchange earnings. On the basis of...China textile industry has achieved encouraging achievements, becoming the primary industry of the integration of investment, production, consumption, employment increase and foreign exchange earnings. On the basis of reviewing studies on foreign direct investment of domestic textile enterprises, this paper come up with the structure analysis framework of spatial strategies of foreign investment of China's textile enterprises with the methods of statistical information, field research and interviews of senior managers. Besides, this paper analyze the spatial distribution and industry choices of foreign direct investment of China's textile enterprises.展开更多
This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to 2016.The...This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to 2016.The results show strong and robust evidence that the sister-city relationship has been a crucial OFDI location determinant in host countries and their neighbors.Specifically,the sister-city tie between China and the host country has stimulated Chinese OFDI in host countries.Moreover,Chinese OFDI in host countries would be reduced if China concluded sister-city ties with their neighbors to which we refer as the neighboring effect.Further mechanism tests show that sister cities have promoted OFDI in host countries via four channels:reducing political risk,decreasing information asymmetry,narrowing institutional distance,and mitigating cultural differences.This tendency for sister-city links to promote OFDI has varied substantially depending on OFDI entry modes(i.e.,greenfield or cross-border mergers and acquisitions),motivation(i.e.,resource-,market-,technology-,or efficiency-oriented OFDI),and Sino–foreign geographical relationships(i.e.,Belt and Road Initiative countries or other countries).展开更多
This paper investigates the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on its economic growth. By using a provincial-level panel dataset and applying fixed- effects and instrumental variable regress...This paper investigates the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on its economic growth. By using a provincial-level panel dataset and applying fixed- effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the study finds that both OFDI from provincial firms and OFDI from state-owned enterprises have a positive impact on China's provincial economic growth. The positive impact of OFDI on provincial economic growth may be the result of reverse knowledge spillovers from OFDI to the home provincial economy through demonstration and imitation, labor movement, and backward and forward industrial linkages, thus increasing the productivity and the efficiency of home firms and promoting the growth of the home economy.展开更多
The empirical literature on China's outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not ta...The empirical literature on China's outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.展开更多
We analyze the impact of foreign bank presence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. The connection between the two couM be particularly relevant for an emerging economy like China because the supply of finan...We analyze the impact of foreign bank presence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. The connection between the two couM be particularly relevant for an emerging economy like China because the supply of financial services provided by banks may act as a constraining factor. Foreign bankpresence may then enable and foster FDI and not simply result from it. Our estimates demonstrate that FDI across regions in China is increasing in the existing network of regional branches of foreign banks, which itself is driven (and, therefore, instrumented) by the timing of the regional phasing out of the local limits for foreign banks on local currency business. The effect of foreign bank presence on FDI is particularly strong for some specific sectors (farming, manufacturing, construction, transportation, wholesale/ retail trade and real estate) if those sectors are strongly represented in the source economies.展开更多
文摘The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators(WDI)from 1972 to 2021.The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth,FDI,trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage,which was traced through the autoregressivedistributed lag(ARDL).The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage,economic growth,FDI,urbanization,and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993,1996,1982,2008,and 1994,respectively.The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run(0.814)and short-run(0.809).Moreover,the results also show that FDI(0.028)and trade openness(0.043)have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run.However,urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run(–0.965).Then,the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness,with energy usage significantly causing trade openness.The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources.These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.
文摘Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax policy on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and air pollution in ECOWAS region over the period 2000 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and panel data analyses (fixed effects and random effects), the results show that, in general, FDI does not have a significant effect on air pollution in the region. However, closer analysis reveals that an interaction between FDI and an attractive tax policy has a negative effect on air quality, leading to an increase in air pollution. Thus, companies attracted by tax incentives may not meet rigorous environmental standards. These results highlight the importance for policymakers to balance economic incentives with environmental protection in ECOWAS. Attractive tax policies can stimulate investment, but they must be designed in a way that encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby helping to improve air quality in the region.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771140)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFE0105900)。
文摘As the major source of air pollution,sulfur dioxide(S0_(2))emissions have become the focus of global attention.However,existing studies rarely consider spatial effects when discussing the relationship between foreign direct investment(FDI)and S0_(2) emissions.This study took the Yangtze River Delta as the research area and used the spatial panel data of 26 cities in this region for 2004-2017.The study investigated the spatial agglomeration effects and dynamics at work in FDI and S0_(2) emissions by using global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation.Then,based on regression analysis using a results of traditional ordinary least squares(OLS)model and a spatial econometric model,the spatial Durbin model(SDM)with spatial-time effects was adopted to quantify the impact of FDI on S0_(2) emissions,so as to avoid the regression results bias caused by ignoring the spatial effects.The results revealed a significant spatial autocorrelation between FDI and S0_(2) emissions,both of which displayed obvious path dependence characteristics in their geographical distribution.A series of agglomeration regions were observed on the spatial scale.The estimation results of the SDM showed that FDI inflow promoted S0_(2) emissions,which supports the pollution haven hypothesis.The findings of this study are significant in the prevention and control of air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.
文摘Foreign direct investment (FDI) and the development of the hosted nations is a major issue facing researchers in many disciplines, especially in economic geography. This paper reviews the current available literature pertaining to the impact of FDI on the economic development in China, and emphasizes four points. First, although China is the second largest of FDI recipient and one of the fastest growing nations in the world, it has not drawn enough attention of researchers on the topic. And very few publications are found specifically focusing on the economic impact of FDI. Second, many areas of the impact of FDI have remained untouched. Particularly, there are needs for further studies to address the impact of FDI on efficient use of resources and overall competitiveness of the country. Third, in the theoretical aspect, research should explore the nature of bargaining power of all participants. Finally, it is suggested to select a number of case study areas and foreign funded enterprises for in depth studies.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Chinese Ministry of Education[Grant Number.20YJC790031].
文摘The need to balance economic growth and its environmental impact continues to be a serious issue in China.As environmental regulation in China increases in importance,it is critical to understand how it impacts economic growth drivers such as outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)to formulate effective policies.One consideration should be the hidden economy,which can weaken the effects of environmental regulation on OFDI.This study investigates the scale of the hidden economy in 30 provinces and province-level municipalities in China in the period 2004 to 2015.The study uses the multiple indicators and multiple causes(MIMIC)model and the systematic generalized method of moments(GMM)test to analyze the impact of environmental regulation and the hidden economy on China's OFDI.The results show that stronger environmental regulation promotes OFDI.However,the hidden economy inhibits China's OFDI,as the positive effects of environmental regulation that drive OFDI are distorted.From a regional perspective,stronger environmental regulation promotes OFDI as well,while the hidden economy inhibits it.The interaction between environmental regulation and the hidden economy also inhibits it significantly.
基金This work is supported by the Base Project of Hunan philosophy and social science[Grant number.20JD001].
文摘Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simultaneous equation to analyze the relationship between fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment,and environmental pollution.The results showed that environmental pollution has the characteristics of time inertia and positive spatial spillover;fiscal decentralization and local government competition have a significant“race to bottom”effect on environmental pollution;and with the increase of fiscal decentralization,environmental quality will deteriorate.In the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution under the system of fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment aggravates environmental pollution.Meanwhile,if the environmental pollution in a given region is serious,the willingness of foreign investors to invest therein is lessened to a certain extent.Based on the conditions in China,certain policy suggestions are put forward to increase environmental quality,such as building a comprehensive performance assessment mechanism that includes environmental quality,optimizing the decentralization system,and raising the threshold of foreign investment access.
文摘In the context of economic globalization and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints,the environmental effect of open economy has been highly concerned by the academic community.With the implementation of the“Going Global”campaign and the“Belt and Road Initiative”,China’s OFDI has been expanding.What is the impact of the rapid growth of OFDI on the home environment?How can China improve the quality and level of OFDI in order to promote domestic green development under the dual context of constructing a new dual circulation development pattern and advocating green development?These questions deserve further discussion.Most of the existing literature focuses on the empirical interpretation of OFDI’s home country environmental effect by using linear models,while few involve nonlinear models.The literature on the important role of financial development in home country and the threshold effect of OFDI on home country environment is even less common.In view of this,based on the mechanism of argumentation and propositional inference,this paper calculated the environmental pollution index of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017 by using China’s provincial panel data of these years and selecting industrial waste water,industrial waste gas,industrial SO_(2),and industrial soot emissions and industrial solid waste production amount index.Then,this paper empirically studied China's OFDI home environment of financial development threshold effect by constructing financial development as the threshold variables panel threshold model.The results showed that:①China’s OFDI had a significant impact on the environment of the home country,based on the level of financial development of the home country.When China’s financial development level was lower than the first threshold value,China’s OFDI had a significant restraining effect on environmental pollution in the home country.When China’s financial development level crossed the first threshold value but did not exceed the second threshold value,China’s OFDI significantly enhanced its inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in its home country.When China’s financial development level was higher than the second threshold value,the inhibiting effect of China’s OFDI on environmental pollution in the home country was further enhanced.②In the sample period,the financial development level of most provinces in China was not high.Only a few provinces with high financial development level had a strong inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in their home country,and the provinces with a high degree of coupling and coordination between OFDI and financial development tended to have a low level of environmental pollution.Accordingly,this paper proposes to optimize the financial service environment of OFDI,improve the green technology content of OFDI,and strengthen the original innovation and re-innovation ability of green technology.
文摘The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in African countries.Can foreign direct investment(FDI)from China as an important source of external financing help African countries achieve their SDGs?This study used the panel data random effects model to analyze the influence of China’s direct investment on SDG scores.Then,the study conducted the ordered probit model to examine the influence of FDI from China on the trend of achieving each SDG in Africa,with the SDGs being grouped into social,economic,and environmental dimensions.Results showed that China’s direct investment contributed to the achievement of SDGs in Africa.FDI from China positively influenced the SDG score in general and some of the 17 SDG scores including SDG 7(Affordable and Clean Energy),SDG 8(Decent Work and Economic Growth),SDG 9(Industry,Innovation,and Infrastructure),SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production),SDG 13(Climate Action),and SDG 15(Life on Land).The relationship between FDI from China and the trends for SDG 7,8,9,11(Sustainable Cities and Communities),and 14(Life below Water)was significantly positive.However,the SDG scores above belonged to the economic and environmental dimensions,whereas FDI from China had no significant influence on the social-dimension SDG scores and trends.To further expand the scale of China’s direct investment,more investment scopes,particularly those in the social dimension,should be developed.Moreover,China-Africa cooperation should be deepened to create a good investment environment for the achievement of African countries’SDGs and to facilitate China’s implementation of promoting the development of developing countries as mentioned in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and building the China-Africa community with a shared future.
文摘This research explored the impact of foreign direct investments on the Agricultural sector output with emphasis on exports in Zimbabwe from 2000-2017.The study sought to establish whether agriculture could flourish in the absence of foreign direct investments.It was also essential to investigate whether the injection of foreign direct investment into the Agriculture sector had a positive or negative impact on the outputs especially agricultural exports.The research used data drawn from a sample of five agricultural products which are tobacco,cotton lint,raw sugar,soya beans,and macadamia nuts.The Ordinary Least Squares and Unit Root tests were used because they assume that FDI can stimulate growth if it brings increasing returns to production and also in the outputs.The research study was a desktop research which used both qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting data.Data were obtained from Zimbabwe Statistics Agency(ZIMSTATS),foreign direct investment figures,and percentages of agricultural investment to total investments were collected from Zimbabwe Investment Authority(ZIA).Questionnaires were also used to obtain data from both those farmers who received and those who did not receive foreign investments as inputs.The results obtained showed that there was a positive relationship which could also be measured by the growth models employed to establish the growth in increased outputs and exports after injecting FDIs into agriculture.Recommendations were made to both farmers and the Ministry of Agriculture to attract more FDIs into Zimbabwe’s Agriculture sector.
基金Key research project of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2017-01-07-00-02-E00008).
文摘The implementation of China’s open development strategy has unveiled a wave of outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)by Chinese companies,with global implications.Based on panel data from 146 developing countries from 2003 to 2017,we investigate the growth effects of China’s OFDI.We find that China’s OFDI has promoted significant economic growth in developing countries.Not only could China’s OFDI increase GDP per capita of a country in a short time but raise the country’s long-run equilibrium value as well.In addition,the growth effects of China’s OFDI were more significant for countries with weak governance,rich resource,and modest human capital,and were above the average level for Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries,African countries,and in the post-crisis era.Our research helps unravel the global significance of Chinese companies investing overseas and contributes to research on the growth effects of direct investment between developing countries.
文摘With the rapid development of globalization,the industries of various countries are actively seeking the best way to improve the global value chain(GVC)status while integrating into the world.As an important factor affecting the GVC status,foreign direct investment(FDI)has attracted extensive attention from scholars.On the basis of systematically summarizing the research progress of FDI theory,GVC status and the influence of FDI on GVC status,the paper tries to clarify the internal relationship between FDI and GVC status,explores the shortcomings of existing research,and puts forward the possible direction of future research.
文摘The 21st century has seen the world superpowers,such as Russia and China and multi-lateral agencies encourage backward states to embrace and promote foreign direct investment(FDI)as an instrument to improve domestic production which will lead to economic growth and development.This is premised on the fact that FDI comes with transfer of technology,new and advanced management approaches,technical skills,and access to international markets.However,researchers have shown that occasionally FDI inflows achieve the opposite as they compete for the same markets with local industries and,as a result,they crowd out local industries leading to higher unemployment.Further,research has shown that most international financial crises were caused by rapid withdrawal of FDI.In essence,FDI can have positive and can also have negative effects on economic growth.Against this background,this discussion seeks to outline and look at the threats and opportunities that backward states,such as those in Africa will draw from the 21st century FDI from world superpowers.
文摘This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direct investment(FDI),gross domestic product(GDP),human capital,and openness with support of yearly time-series data from 1989 to 2017.The results from the Vector Error Correction Model(VECM)analysis technics discover that all the variables in long-term they move together.The findings also discovered that there is short-term causality running from GDP and human capital to FDI and no short-run causality found from openness to FDI as a result of Burundi’s policies that do not implement market seeker FDI.For VECM validation,the paper went through some post estimation diagnostic tests such as Lagrange multiplier tests and Jarque-Bera test,the results did not indicate any autocorrelation among the variables as the residuals were normally distributed.Openness being an important factor to attracting foreign investors,it is very crucial for Burundi to revise its trade policies and encourage a conducive environment that promotes foreign investment penetration by promoting and encouraging both domestic and foreign investors and keep improving human capital for more FDI attraction as a goal for Burundi economic growth.
文摘The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.</span>
基金National Social Science“Measurement and Evaluation on the Performance of Education Policies for Targeted Poverty Alleviation of Severely Impoverished Areas”(71864032)“A Study on Imbalance and Optimization of Preferential Policies for Higher Education of Minorities in Xinjiang”(71663044)。
文摘With the further development of economic globalization since the establishment of ties between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) 30 years ago and the continuous increase in the scale of international students in China,the training of international talents has become an important approach to avoiding the risks of transnational investments.We established panel data by selecting variables from the period 2006 to 2017,including the scale of international students coming from ASEAN to China,the gross amount of China’s outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),and the GDP per capita of ASEAN countries to further explore the correlations among these variables.We applied a panel-vector autoregressive(PVAR) model to conducting a Granger causality test,a Gaussian mixture model(GMM) regression analysis,a Monte Carlo-based impulse response analysis,and variance decomposition of the data.The results show that the growth of OFDI exerted an obvious positive impact on the inflow of international students from the countries along the Belt and Road(B&R) within a short period,the growth of the scale of international students coming from these countries to study in China had a strong positive effect on OFDI,the training of international talents was conducive to promoting the scale of transnational investments,but the overall quality was not very high,and its economic contribution rate was low.It is also found that OFDI and the scale of international students from the countries along the B&R promoted the GDP growth to a certain extent and the positive accumulation effect fluctuated due to external factors.Therefore,it is suggested to expanding the scale of OFDI and improving China’s core competitiveness in international student education.Intensive management of investment factors should also be conducted along with sound development of training mechanisms for international talents.
文摘China textile industry has achieved encouraging achievements, becoming the primary industry of the integration of investment, production, consumption, employment increase and foreign exchange earnings. On the basis of reviewing studies on foreign direct investment of domestic textile enterprises, this paper come up with the structure analysis framework of spatial strategies of foreign investment of China's textile enterprises with the methods of statistical information, field research and interviews of senior managers. Besides, this paper analyze the spatial distribution and industry choices of foreign direct investment of China's textile enterprises.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20CJL012).
文摘This paper employs dynamic spatial econometric methods to analyze the impact of the sister-city relationship on Chinese outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)using a linked country-level dataset from 2003 to 2016.The results show strong and robust evidence that the sister-city relationship has been a crucial OFDI location determinant in host countries and their neighbors.Specifically,the sister-city tie between China and the host country has stimulated Chinese OFDI in host countries.Moreover,Chinese OFDI in host countries would be reduced if China concluded sister-city ties with their neighbors to which we refer as the neighboring effect.Further mechanism tests show that sister cities have promoted OFDI in host countries via four channels:reducing political risk,decreasing information asymmetry,narrowing institutional distance,and mitigating cultural differences.This tendency for sister-city links to promote OFDI has varied substantially depending on OFDI entry modes(i.e.,greenfield or cross-border mergers and acquisitions),motivation(i.e.,resource-,market-,technology-,or efficiency-oriented OFDI),and Sino–foreign geographical relationships(i.e.,Belt and Road Initiative countries or other countries).
文摘This paper investigates the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on its economic growth. By using a provincial-level panel dataset and applying fixed- effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the study finds that both OFDI from provincial firms and OFDI from state-owned enterprises have a positive impact on China's provincial economic growth. The positive impact of OFDI on provincial economic growth may be the result of reverse knowledge spillovers from OFDI to the home provincial economy through demonstration and imitation, labor movement, and backward and forward industrial linkages, thus increasing the productivity and the efficiency of home firms and promoting the growth of the home economy.
基金the project "The challenge of globalization: Technology driven foreign direct investment(TFDI) and its implications for the negotiation of International(bilateral and multilateral) Investment Agreements" funded by the Riksbank Foundation
文摘The empirical literature on China's outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.
文摘We analyze the impact of foreign bank presence on foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. The connection between the two couM be particularly relevant for an emerging economy like China because the supply of financial services provided by banks may act as a constraining factor. Foreign bankpresence may then enable and foster FDI and not simply result from it. Our estimates demonstrate that FDI across regions in China is increasing in the existing network of regional branches of foreign banks, which itself is driven (and, therefore, instrumented) by the timing of the regional phasing out of the local limits for foreign banks on local currency business. The effect of foreign bank presence on FDI is particularly strong for some specific sectors (farming, manufacturing, construction, transportation, wholesale/ retail trade and real estate) if those sectors are strongly represented in the source economies.