In the wake of the further expansion of China’s opening to the outside world in recent years, quite a few aspects have been supplemented to the policies of absorbing direct foreign investments.
China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates t...China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates the patterns and determinants of China＇s outward FDI from 2001 to 2008 for its seven major destinations. Tobit and multiple regression analyses indicate that early Chinese FDI in 2001 and 2002 is concentrated in the labor-intensive industries in Asia, like those of early Japanese FDI in the early 1970s as well as those of Korean FDI in 1990s. The results also indicate that non-production oriented manufacturers invested in North America, in order to seek for market cultivation, technological advance, R＆D skills, and name brands. We also found that the central state-owned enterprises are the key FDI players in the continents with locational disadvantages展开更多
1.Management of Foreign-invested Enterprises The Henan Provincial Government protects the autonomy of production and management of foreign-invested enterprises, and supports their management according to international...1.Management of Foreign-invested Enterprises The Henan Provincial Government protects the autonomy of production and management of foreign-invested enterprises, and supports their management according to international advanced scientific methods.展开更多
Referring to related national andLiaoning provincial policies,theTieling Municipal Governmenthas put forward preferential policiesin the following areas to encouragethe development of foreign-fundedenterprises. 1. Pro...Referring to related national andLiaoning provincial policies,theTieling Municipal Governmenthas put forward preferential policiesin the following areas to encouragethe development of foreign-fundedenterprises. 1. Productive enterprises wholly-orpartly-funded by foreign展开更多
For the sake of attracting more foreign investment, the Qinghai Government issued the Preferential Methods for More Foreign Investment in Qinghai in 1992, which was amended on March 1, 1995. The main contents are as f...For the sake of attracting more foreign investment, the Qinghai Government issued the Preferential Methods for More Foreign Investment in Qinghai in 1992, which was amended on March 1, 1995. The main contents are as follows: ——Foreign-funded enterprises will enjoy superiority in the arrangement of supplies of water, electricity, gas, raw materials, materials, land, basic construction, transport, telecommunications, loans and labour.展开更多
But in the non-capital market, the practices in some JVs have already broken the rule.For example, Dongfeng Yueda Kia. When it was established, Dongfeng and Yueda held25 percent shareholding respectively and Kia the r...But in the non-capital market, the practices in some JVs have already broken the rule.For example, Dongfeng Yueda Kia. When it was established, Dongfeng and Yueda held25 percent shareholding respectively and Kia the remaining 50 percent. In fact, theforeign side is the holder of the company.展开更多
Mandatory joint venture requirements have played an important role in many developing countries ＇foreign investment policies. However, such policies have been criticized in some of the economic literatures on the gro...Mandatory joint venture requirements have played an important role in many developing countries ＇foreign investment policies. However, such policies have been criticized in some of the economic literatures on the grounds that they deter investment and lead to the development of inefficient industries. A significant amount of foreign direct investment in Shanghai has been in the form of joint ventures. Yet, by many measures, Shanghai has benefited enormously. This article argues that there are three reasons to explain Shanghai＇s successful use of the joint venture for its industrial development. First, local firms and industries have had the capability and willingness to learn from joint ventures and other foreign invested firms. Second, the joint venture policy has been more likely than not to have ＂crowded in ＂ local investment rather than crowd it out. Third, investment authorities in Shanghai have had sufficient bureaucratic capacity and political insulation to prevent the joint venture policy from being manipulated by rent seekers.展开更多
文摘In the wake of the further expansion of China’s opening to the outside world in recent years, quite a few aspects have been supplemented to the policies of absorbing direct foreign investments.
文摘China＇s outward FDI has been increasing recently, as the country＇s policies over industrialization and national security change. Using financial data of 244 Chinese enterprises, this study empirically investigates the patterns and determinants of China＇s outward FDI from 2001 to 2008 for its seven major destinations. Tobit and multiple regression analyses indicate that early Chinese FDI in 2001 and 2002 is concentrated in the labor-intensive industries in Asia, like those of early Japanese FDI in the early 1970s as well as those of Korean FDI in 1990s. The results also indicate that non-production oriented manufacturers invested in North America, in order to seek for market cultivation, technological advance, R＆D skills, and name brands. We also found that the central state-owned enterprises are the key FDI players in the continents with locational disadvantages
文摘1.Management of Foreign-invested Enterprises The Henan Provincial Government protects the autonomy of production and management of foreign-invested enterprises, and supports their management according to international advanced scientific methods.
文摘Referring to related national andLiaoning provincial policies,theTieling Municipal Governmenthas put forward preferential policiesin the following areas to encouragethe development of foreign-fundedenterprises. 1. Productive enterprises wholly-orpartly-funded by foreign
文摘For the sake of attracting more foreign investment, the Qinghai Government issued the Preferential Methods for More Foreign Investment in Qinghai in 1992, which was amended on March 1, 1995. The main contents are as follows: ——Foreign-funded enterprises will enjoy superiority in the arrangement of supplies of water, electricity, gas, raw materials, materials, land, basic construction, transport, telecommunications, loans and labour.
文摘But in the non-capital market, the practices in some JVs have already broken the rule.For example, Dongfeng Yueda Kia. When it was established, Dongfeng and Yueda held25 percent shareholding respectively and Kia the remaining 50 percent. In fact, theforeign side is the holder of the company.
文摘Mandatory joint venture requirements have played an important role in many developing countries ＇foreign investment policies. However, such policies have been criticized in some of the economic literatures on the grounds that they deter investment and lead to the development of inefficient industries. A significant amount of foreign direct investment in Shanghai has been in the form of joint ventures. Yet, by many measures, Shanghai has benefited enormously. This article argues that there are three reasons to explain Shanghai＇s successful use of the joint venture for its industrial development. First, local firms and industries have had the capability and willingness to learn from joint ventures and other foreign invested firms. Second, the joint venture policy has been more likely than not to have ＂crowded in ＂ local investment rather than crowd it out. Third, investment authorities in Shanghai have had sufficient bureaucratic capacity and political insulation to prevent the joint venture policy from being manipulated by rent seekers.
