Heterogeneity and differential hydrocarbon accumulation model of deep reservoirs in foreland thrust belts: A case study of deep Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation clastic reservoirs in southern Junggar Basin, NW China

Using the data of drilling, logging, core, experiments and production, the heterogeneity and differential hydrocarbon accumulation model of deep reservoirs in Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation(K1q) in the western section of the foreland thrust belt in southern Junggar Basin are investigated. The target reservoirs are characterized by superimposition of conglomerates, sandy conglomerates and sandstones, with high content of plastic clasts. The reservoir space is mainly composed of intergranular pores. The reservoirs are overall tight, and the sandy conglomerate has the best physical properties. The coupling of short deep burial period with low paleotemperature gradient and formation overpressure led to the relatively weak diagenetic strength of the reservoirs. Specifically, the sandy conglomerates show relatively low carbonate cementation, low compaction rate and high dissolution porosity. The special stress-strain mechanism of the anticline makes the reservoirs at the top of the anticline turning point more reformed by fractures than those at the limbs, and the formation overpressure makes the fractures in open state. Moreover, the sandy conglomerates have the highest oil saturation. Typical anticline reservoirs are developed in deep part of the thrust belt, but characterized by "big trap with small reservoir". Significantly, the sandy conglomerates at the top of anticline turning point have better quality, lower in-situ stress and higher structural position than those at the limbs,with the internal hydrocarbons most enriched, making them high-yield oil/gas layers. The exponential decline of fractures makes hydrocarbon accumulation difficult in the reservoirs at the limbs. Nonetheless, plane hydrocarbon distribution is more extensive at the gentle limb than the steep limb.

Efectiveness and petroleum geological signifcance of tectonic fractures in the ultra‑deep zone of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt:a case study of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen gas feld

The buried depth of the gas-producing reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt of the Tarim Basin exceeds 6000 m.The average matrix porosity of the reservoir is 5.5%,and the average matrix permeability is 0.128×10^(−3)μm^(2).In order to reveal the characteristics and efectiveness of ultra-deep fractures and their efects on reservoir properties and natural gas production,outcrops,cores,thin section,image logs and production testing data are used to investigate the efectiveness of tectonic fractures in ultra-deep reservoirs in the Kuqa foreland thrust zone,and the corresponding geological signifcance for oil and gas exploration and development are discussed.Tectonic fractures in the thrust belt include EW-trending high-angle tensile fractures and NS-trending vertical shear fractures.The former has a relatively high flling rate,while the latter is mostly unflled.Micro-fractures are usually grain-piercing-through cracks with width of 10-100 microns.In the planar view,the efective fractures are concentrated in the high part and wing zones of the long axis of the anticline,and along the vertical direction,they are mainly found in the tensile fracture zone above the neutral plane.The adjustment fracture zone has the strongest vertical extension abilities and high efectiveness,followed by the nearly EW longitudinal tensile fracture zone,and the netted fracture zone with multiple dip angles.The efectiveness of fracture is mainly controlled by fracture aperture and flling degrees.Efective fractures can increase reservoir permeability by 1-2 orders of magnitude.The higher part of the anticline is associated with high tectonic fracture permeability,which control enrichment and high production of natural gas.The netted vertical open fractures efectively communicate with pores and throats of the reservoir matrix,which forms an apparent-homogenous to medium-heterogeneous body that is seen with high production of natural gas sustained for a long term.

Characteristics,origin and controlling effects on hydrocarbon accumulation of overpressure in foreland thrust belt of southern margin of Junggar Basin,NW China

Aiming at the differential distribution of overpressure in vertical and lateral directions in the foreland thrust belt in the southern margin of Junggar Basin,the study on overpressure origin identification and overpressure evolution simulation is carried out.Based on the measured formation pressure,drilling fluid density and well logging data,overpressure origin identification and overpressure evolution simulation techniques are used to analyze the vertical and lateral distribution patterns of overpressure,genetic mechanisms of overpressure in different structural belts and causes of the differential distribution of overpressure,and the controlling effects of overpressure development and evolution on the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.The research shows that overpressure occurs in multiple formations vertically in the southern Junggar foreland thrust belt,the deeper the formation,the bigger the scale of the overpressure is.Laterally,overpressure is least developed in the mountain front belt,most developed in the fold anticline belt,and relatively developed in the slope belt.The differential distribution of overpressure is mainly controlled by the differences in disequilibrium compaction and tectonic compression strengths of different belts.The vertical overpressure transmission caused by faults connecting the deep overpressured system has an important contribution to the further increase of the overpressure strength in this area.The controlling effect of overpressure development and evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution shows in the following aspects:When the strong overpressure was formed before reservoir becoming tight overpressure maintains the physical properties of deep reservoirs to some extent,expanding the exploration depth of deep reservoirs;reservoirs below the overpressured mudstone cap rocks of the Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group are main sites for oil and gas accumulation;under the background of overall overpressure,both overpressure strength too high or too low are not conducive to hydrocarbon enrichment and preservation,and the pressure coefficient between 1.6 and 2.1 is the best.

Three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation of Paleogene salt structures in the western Kuqa foreland thrust belt

Taking the Paleogene salt strata in the west of Kuqa foreland thrust belt as study object, the deformation features of salt structure in the compression direction and perpendicular to the compression direction were examined to find out the control factors and formation mechanisms of the salt structures. By using the three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation method, the formation mechanisms of typical salt structures of western Kuqa foreland thrust belt in Keshen and Dabei work areas were comprehensively analyzed. The simulation results show that the salt deformation in Keshen and Dabei work areas is of forward spread type, with deformation concentrated in the piedmont zone;the salt deformation is affected by the early uplift near the compression end, pre-existing basement faults, synsedimentary process and the initial salt depocenter;in the direction perpendicular to the compression direction, salt rocks near the compression end have strong lateral mobility with the velocity component moving towards the middle part, and the closer to the middle, the larger the velocity will be, so that salt rocks will aggregate towards the middle and deform intensely, forming complex folds and separation of salt structures from salt source, and local outcrop with thrust faults. Compared with 2 D simulation, 3 D simulation can analyze salt structures in the principal stress direction and direction perpendicular to the principal stress, give us a full view of the formation mechanisms of salt structures, and guide the exploration of oil and gas reservoirs related to salt structures.

Mechanisms of abnormal overpressure generation in Kuqa foreland thrust belt and their impacts on oil and gas reservoir formation

Based on overview for mechanism of abnormaloverpressure generation in sedimentary basins, an insightdiscussion is made by the authors for the distribution, fea-tures and generation mechanisms of abnormal overpressurein the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal overpressurein the Kelasu structure zone west to the Kuqa forelandthrust belt was primarily distributed in Eogene to lowerCretaceous formations; structural compression and struc-tural emplacement as well as the containment of Eogenegyps-salt formation constituted the main mechanisms for thegeneration of abnormal overpressure. The abnormal over-pressure zone in the eastern Yiqikelike structure zone wasdistributed primarily in lower Jurassic Ahe Group, resultingfrom hydrocarbon generation as well as structural stressother than from under-compaction. Various distributionsand generating mechanisms have different impacts upon theformation of oil and gas reservoirs. K-E reservoir in the Ke-lasu zone is an allochthonous abnormal overpressure system.One of the conditions for reservoir accumulation is the mi-gration of hydrocarbon (T-J hydrocarbon source rock) alongthe fault up to K-E reservoir and accumulated into reservoir.And this migration process was controlled by the abnormaloverpressure system in K-E reservoir. The confined abnor-mal overpressure system in the Yiqikelike structure zoneconstituted the main cause for the poor developing of dis-solved porosity in T-J reservoir, resulting in poor physicalproperty of reservoir. The poor physical property of T-J res-ervoir of Yinan 2 structure was the main cause for the ab-sence of oil accumulation, but the presence of natural gasreservoir in the structure.

A Large-scale Tertiary Salt Nappe Complex in the Leading Edge of the Kuqa Foreland Fold-Thrust Belt, the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin, northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene-Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene-Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequence is composed mainly of light grey halite, gypsum, marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold belt, in which the most fascinating structures are salt nappe complex. Based on field observation, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east-west for over 200 km and occurs along the west Qiulitag Mountains. Its thrusting displacement is over 30 km. The salt nappe complex appears as an arcuate zone projecting southwestwards along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the Paleocene-Eocene salt beds. The allochthonous nappes comprise large north-dipping faulting monoclines which are made up of Paleocene-Pliocene sediments. Geological analysis and cross-section restoration revealed that the salt nappes were mainly formed at the late Himalayan stage (c.a. 1.64 Ma BP) and have been active until the present day. Because of inhomogeneous thrusting, a great difference may exist in thrust displacement, thrust occurrence, superimposition of allochthonous and autochthonous sequences and the development of the salt-related structures, which indicates the segmentation along the salt nappes. Regional compression, gravitational gliding and spreading controlled the formation and evolution of the salt nappe complex in the Kuqa foreland fold belt.

Indosinian Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt Bordering Yunnan and Guangxi, China

Recent discoveries of ophiolites indicate that there must be a Palaeotethyan geosuture zone bordering China and Vietnam, which separates the Vietbac block from the South China subcontinent. The Indosinian foreland fold-and-thrust belt bordering Yunnan and Guangxi provided further evidence for the palaeotethysides. The oceanic crust was subducted southwestwards while the magmatic arc migrated northeastwards, and the continent-arc collision occurred in the Late Triassic with the thrusting being extended towards the north or northeast. The features of thrust-nappe structure are discussed, which proved the continental margin of the Palaeotethyan ocean there to be a complicated one. A face-to-face collision occurred first along the NW-striking segment and then along the ENE-striking segment accompanied by transpression or oblique thrusting occurring along the NW-striking one.

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e. the rapid uplifting of the the Songpan-Garze fold belt was corresponding to the rapid subsidence of the basin;the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at a much greater rate than the West Sichuan foeland basin in the last 60 Ma;and (7) the palaeogeothermal gradient was 25℃ /km in the West Sichuan foreland basin.

库车前陆冲断带构造分层变形特征

库车前陆冲断带地震资料信噪比低,具有多解性。利用高分辨率三维地震、钻井、油气分析化验等资料,对库车前陆冲断带地层组合进行系统描述,精细解释构造模型,深入剖析油气成藏体系,认为库车前陆冲断带发育古近系和新近系膏盐岩层及三叠系和侏罗系煤层2套滑脱层,具有分层滑脱、垂向叠置、多期变形的特征,浅层构造发育盖层滑脱褶皱,深层发育基底卷入式叠瓦状逆冲构造,膏盐岩层和煤层发生滑脱塑性变形,发育加里东运动期、海西运动晚期—印支运动期和燕山运动期—喜马拉雅运动期3期断裂,海西运动晚期—印支运动期构造控制中生界沉积,由北向南具有超覆减薄的特征。库车前陆冲断带分层构造变形控制油气分层运聚,煤层以上的油气主要来自侏罗系烃源岩,煤层之下的油气主要来自三叠系,三叠系烃源岩生烃量占60%,大量油气仍保存在煤层之下。

基于离散元数值模拟的构造变形机制分析方法——以准噶尔盆地南缘为例

受多期构造运动影响,准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断褶皱带具横向东西分段、南北分带,纵向构造叠置的变形特征。但该区构造变形机制及样式的不同认识在一定程度上制约了油气勘探的深入。为探究准南缘新生代以来构造变形机制及其变形过程,本文利用高精度地震、钻井和岩石力学等资料,根据实际地质条件,重点考虑滑脱层的数量、强度及厚度变化,结合滑脱层纵向组合、横向分布范围及同沉积作用、先存构造等因素,共设计了10组模型,并采用离散元数值模拟方法开展了对比实验。实验结果表明,滑脱层强度、厚度及其组合主要控制冲断褶皱带构造纵向叠置关系及构造样式,滑脱层分布及同沉积作用主要控制其横向变形范围,先存构造主要影响后期构造的继承性发育。在此基础上,分段开展了多因素组合模拟实验并与实际地震剖面进行对比,重构了准南缘构造变形过程,揭示了新生代以来其构造变形机制,即先存断裂、古凸起、三套不同性质滑脱层纵向叠置关系和同沉积作用共同控制了西段构造的形成与演化,“下强上弱”“下薄上厚”两套纵向叠置滑脱层控制了中段构造的形成与演化,先存断裂及单套较弱滑脱层控制了东段构造的形成与演化。该方法可为类似的复杂构造变形区提供参考。

志留系泥页岩滑脱层对大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式的影响——基于物理模拟研究

大巴山前陆冲断带处于秦岭造山带与四川盆地的过渡区,是四川盆地大中型油气藏探明储量的主要分布区,也是盆山耦合研究的典型区。该地区发育三套主要滑脱层,前人研究多以底层寒武系泥页岩和顶层上三叠统膏盐岩作为区域主控滑脱层,认为中间层志留系滑脱层使褶皱冲断带的构造样式复杂化,但是中间滑脱层对大巴山前陆冲断带的具体影响研究较少。本文通过物理模拟设计两组实验、四个模型,探讨了相同厚度的硅胶和玻璃微珠作为基底滑脱层时,中间滑脱层对于模型整体构造样式的影响,分析了其与基底及沉积盖层的相互作用。实验结果显示:①硅胶作基底滑脱层时,正向逆冲断层和反向逆冲断层数量相当,反冲断层多为自基底逆冲的断层。玻璃微珠作为基底滑脱层时,存在中间滑脱层的体系以正向逆冲断层为主,反冲断层多为浅部小型断层;②中间滑脱层的引入降低了整个体系的强度,使体系中构造变形更加复杂,模型中出现脱耦现象。中间滑脱层对前陆方向的变形起主导作用,促进了模型远端前陆方向的传播,垂向上沉积载荷的增大激活了中间滑脱层对挤压端构造样式的影响;③模拟表明,该地区志留系滑脱层使剖面出现脱耦,寒武系基底滑脱层为摩擦滑脱层,上三叠统之上发育较薄沉积盖层。

准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷多期应力场作用下的构造演化特征

准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷位于北天山山前冲断带西段,盆地自古生代以来经历了多期、多向的构造运动;明确研究区构造系统特征及其演化过程,对此类含油气盆地的油气勘探开发具有重要意义。在前人地质研究的基础上,结合详细的地震资料解释、地质调查与地层发育特征,根据研究区构造发育背景,以四棵树凹陷构造格局的变动和多期应力场为线索,对四棵树凹陷构造演化过程进行了系统性分析。研究表明,四棵树凹陷深部发育挤压反转-走滑构造层、浅部发育推覆-滑脱构造层;平面上根据构造样式发育特征可划分为南部挤压断褶带、中部走滑压扭带、北部隆起带;凹陷经历了2期强烈的构造隆升期,对应2期断裂活动高峰期;构造环境及应力场条件发生了多次转变,晚石炭世至早中二叠世为弧后裂陷背景下的NNW-SSE向伸展裂陷期、晚二叠世至三叠纪为扎伊尔山造山运动下NNW-SSE向挤压的断坳转换期、晚侏罗世至古近纪为周缘造山带与车排子凸起的共同作用下NNW-SSE向挤压陆内坳陷期、新近纪为北天山强烈的造山活动背景下NS向挤压作用的复活前陆盆地期。通过探讨多期应力场作用下四棵树凹陷的构造演化特征,进一步深入认识了此类含油气盆地整体构造格局的变动过程,也为研究区油气资源下一步勘探提供了新思路。

巴布亚褶皱带构造解释与构造特征分析

巴布亚褶皱带的地震资料品质差,变形机制不明,地震解释模式的不确定使得地震解释多解性强;且不同构造带变形特征、油气分布差异大。运用沙箱模拟实验明确构造解释模式,采用轴面分析开展地震构造解释,并开展平衡剖面恢复对解释成果进行验证,最后通过构造解释厘清了褶皱带的构造特征,指明了有利构造区。

Oil and gas source and accumulation of Zhongqiu 1 trap in Qiulitage structural belt, Tarim Basin, NW China

Well Zhongqiu 1 obtained highly productive oil-gas stream in the footwall of Zhongqiu structure, marking the strategic breakthrough of Qiulitag structural belt in the Tarim Basin. However, the oil and gas sources in Zhongqiu structural belt and the reservoir formation process in Zhongqiu 1 trap remain unclear, so study on these issues may provide important basis for the next step of oil and gas exploration and deployment in Qiulitage structural belt. In this study, a systematic correlation of oil and gas source in Well Zhongqiu 1 has been carried out. The oil in Well Zhongqiu 1 is derived from Triassic lacustrine mudstone, while the gas is a typical coal-derived gas and mainly from Jurassic coal measures. The oil charging in Well Zhongqiu 1 mainly took place during the sedimentary period from Jidike Formation to Kangcun Formation in Neogene, and the oil was mainly contributed by Triassic source rock;large-scale natural gas charging occurred in the sedimentary period of Kuqa Formation in Neogene, and the coal-derived gas generated in the late Jurassic caused large-scale gas invasion to the early Triassic crude oil reservoirs. The Zhongqiu 1 trap was formed earlier than or at the same period as the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion period of Triassic-Jurassic source rocks. Active faults provided paths for hydrocarbon migration. The source rocks-faults-traps matched well in time and space. Traps in the footwall of the Zhongqiu structural fault have similar reservoir-forming conditions with the Zhongqiu 1 trap, so they are favorable targets in the next step of exploration.

Simulation of the Subsidence and Deposition Processes of the Foreland Basin in the Southwestern Margin of Ordos

Characteristics of deformation in the thrust belt and sequence stratigraphic framework in the foreland basin, structural features of the basin margin, and the episodic thrusting are studied in this paper by combining the eastern Qilian thrust belt and the Late Triassic foreland basin on the southwestern margin of Ordos. On this basis, a geological model and a mechanical model of coupling mechanism were established for the pair of thrust belt and foreland basin, and the subsidence and deposition process of the foreland basin were simulated on given parameters.

塔里木盆地西北缘神木园-古木别孜冲断系的构造样式和形成演化过程

塔里木盆地西北缘的神木园-古木别孜冲断系,由神木园冲断带和古木别孜冲断带组成。前者位于乌什凹陷北缘,以厚皮构造为主,形成基底卷入型冲断楔。后者位于乌什凹陷南缘,为一盖层滑脱冲断构造,主滑脱面位于中新统吉迪克组膏泥岩。其中,古木别孜背斜是古木别孜断裂的断层传播褶皱。该冲断系是晚新生代南天山陆内造山带南麓的前陆褶皱冲断带的一部分,属于印度—亚洲碰撞的远程效应。该陆内造山带叠加在先存的增生-碰撞造山带之上。生长地层显示,神木园-古木别孜冲断系形成演化过程为前展式。其变形首先发生于冲断系根带的神木园冲断带,起始于上新世中期(3.5 Ma)。上新世末—第四纪初(1.8 Ma)向前推进至古木别孜冲断带,并在第四纪持续演化。

层间逆冲叠瓦构造-前陆冲断带大气区控藏模式

为了揭示中国中西部盆地前陆冲断带大气藏(大气区)的控藏模式,综合运用地质、地震、钻井及测井等资料,精细断裂解释,研究构造样式,分析成藏条件,特别是通过解剖塔里木盆地库车、准噶尔盆地准南和四川盆地西缘前陆冲断带已发现的大气藏,构建了前陆冲断带大气区控藏模式,并取得以下认识:(1)根据逆冲断裂发育的几何性质、与盖层和烃源岩的关系,特别是对圈闭以及成藏的控制,将前陆冲断带逆冲构造分为层间逆冲、上下穿透型逆冲、上穿透型逆冲、下穿透型逆冲4种构造样式。(2)层间逆冲构造是控制形成大气藏的主要构造样式。层间逆冲断层向下断至烃源岩,在烃源岩内逆掩形成天然缝网系统,构成优势运移通道,向上断至盖层而未断穿,即沟通油气源又未破坏圈闭的有效性,最有利于形成大气藏。(3)前陆冲断带往往发育成排成带层间逆冲断层相关背斜,具有相同的构造样式和成藏条件,从而形成连片分布的大气区。(4)大气藏(大气区)主要分布在前渊地区。

前陆冲断带深层储集层非均质性及油气差异聚集模式——以准噶尔盆地南缘西段白垩系清水河组碎屑岩储集层为例

基于钻井、测井、岩心及实验数据和油气生产资料,对准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带西段深层白垩系清水河组储集层非均质性及其油气差异聚集模式进行研究。结果表明:(1)储集层以叠置连片的砾岩、砂砾岩及砂岩为特征,塑性岩屑含量高,储集空间以粒间孔为主,整体致密,其中砂砾岩物性最优;(2)较短的深埋时限匹配较低的古地温梯度和地层超压使得储集层整体成岩强度较弱,而砂砾岩具有相对更低的早期碳酸盐胶结及压实率和更高的溶蚀增孔;(3)背斜特殊的应力-应变机制使得转折端顶部储集层可较两翼宏观裂缝改造程度更大,且超压使得裂缝处于开启状态;(4)砂砾岩相对含油饱和度最高,而冲断带深层发育典型背斜油气藏,但整体表现为“大圈闭,小油藏”的特点;(5)背斜转折端顶部砂砾岩相较于两翼具有更优越的储集性能、更低的地应力大小及较高的构造位置,使得内部油气最为富集而成为高产油气层,而裂缝指数级递减使得两翼储集层难以富集成藏,但背斜缓翼相对陡翼油气平面延伸范围更大。

呼图壁背斜构造模型和成因机制

呼图壁背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱—冲断带的北部,属于天山向准噶尔盆地下方逆冲带的最前缘。基于全新的高精度三维地震资料,本文揭示了呼图壁背斜具有上下分层变形的特点,背斜发育双层滑脱的构造形态,浅层主要以古近系紫泥泉子组的石膏质泥岩为滑脱面,与上覆的古近系和新近系地层产生滑脱背斜;深层主要以侏罗系的八道湾组和西山窑组的煤层为区域性的滑脱面,产生侏罗系和上覆地层的断背斜构造,深浅层滑脱叠置,总缩短量达1 210 m。受二叠系隆凹构造格局的影响,石炭—二叠系古凸起对新生界的变形具有定形、定位的作用。利用ADS法定量分析和研究表明呼图壁背斜的形成经历了前期弱挤压构造运动,发育时间在新近纪,约23 Ma,后期为强烈的挤压构造运动,时间在7 Ma左右,呼图壁背斜的发育与南缘天山的期次隆起具有很好的响应。

Controlling factors for large gas field formation in thrust belt of Kuqa coal derived hydrocarbon foreland basin

Kuqa depression is a foreland basin developedwith Mesozoic-Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing formation. Theresearch results of the coal-derived hydrocarbon forelandbasins in Kuqa depression indicated that the coal-bearingformation can be the rich sources for generating gas becauseof their thickness and rich source rocks with gas-generatingpredominant kerogen. Although the foreland thrust beltmainly acting in compression is very complicated, integrallarge structural traps can be formed. Moreover, the thrustbelt can act as the passage for communication with deepsource rocks. The high quality gypsolish and gypseous mud-stone cap rock developed in the upper formation is the keyfor the formation of the large gas field. The late formation ofreservoirs in the large gas fields depended on the hydrocar-bon-generating history controlled by the foreland basin andthe developing process of foreland thrust belt.