Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondar...Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondary pests are ascending to chief pests, increasing devastation from exotic pests, frequent ecological pest eruption induced by environmental detriment and host-leading diseases to threaten the "Western Development Project "in China, which is the most important economical strategy to China; th...展开更多
Background:Kyasanur Forest disease(KFD)is a febrile illness characterized by hemorrhages,and is reported endemic in the Shimoga district in Karnataka state,India.It is caused by the KFD virus(KFDV)of the family Flaviv...Background:Kyasanur Forest disease(KFD)is a febrile illness characterized by hemorrhages,and is reported endemic in the Shimoga district in Karnataka state,India.It is caused by the KFD virus(KFDV)of the family Flaviviridae,and is transmitted to monkeys and humans by Haemaphysalis ticks.Findings:We investigated a new focus of KFD among tribals in a reserve forest in Kerala state,India.A suspected case was defined as a person presenting with acute fever,headache,or myalgia.Human sera were collected and tested for KFDV RNA by real-time RT-PCR,RT-nPCR assay,and anti-KFDV IgM and IgG by ELISA.The index case was a tribal woman with febrile illness,severe myalgia,gum bleeding,and hematemesis.Anti-KFDV IgM antibody was detected in acute and convalescent sera of the index case along with IgG in the second serum.None of her family members reported fever.On verbal autopsy,two more fatal cases were identified as probable primary cases.Acute serum from a case in the second cluster was detected positive for KFDV RNA by real time RT-PCR(Ct=32)and RT-nPCR.Sequences of E gene showed highest similarity of 98.0%with the KFDV W-377 isolate nucleotide and 100%identity with amino acid.Anti-KFDV IgM was detected in the serum of one family member of the index case,as well as in one out of 17 other tribals.Conclusions:We confirmed a new focus of KFDV activity among tribals in a reserve forest in the Malappuram district of Kerala,India.展开更多
Kyasanur Forest disease(KFD),a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever,is endemic in five districts of Karnataka state,India.Recent reports of the spread of disease to neighboring districts of the Western Ghats,namely Cham...Kyasanur Forest disease(KFD),a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever,is endemic in five districts of Karnataka state,India.Recent reports of the spread of disease to neighboring districts of the Western Ghats,namely Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka,Nilgiri district in Tamil Nadu,Wayanad and Malappuram districts in Kerala,and Pali village in Goa are a cause for concern.Besides vaccination of the affected population,establishing an event-based surveillance system for monkey deaths in the national parks,wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests of the Western Ghats would help detect the disease early and thereby help implement appropriate control measures.展开更多
Forest bathing trip is a short, leisurely visit to forest. In this study we determined the health effects of forest bathing trip on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The patients we...Forest bathing trip is a short, leisurely visit to forest. In this study we determined the health effects of forest bathing trip on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was sent to forest, and the other was sent to an urban area as control. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and profile of mood states （POMS） evaluation were performed. In the forest group,展开更多
Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. ...Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. As a result,the occurrence of FBDs in China( CFBD) threatens the country's ability to realize its strategic target of increasing both forested area(40 million ha) and forest volume(1.3 billion m^3) from 2005 to 2020. Collectively,China has officially named this effort to increase forest area and volume the "Two Increases" as national goals related to forestry. Based on Hurst index analysis from fractal theory,we analyzed the time series of the occurrence area and related data of FBDs from 1950 to 2007 to quantitatively determine the patterns of the macro occurrence of FBDs in China. Results indicates that,the time series of( CFBD) areas is fractal( self-affinity fractal dimension D = 1. 3548),the fluctuation of( CFBD) areas is positively correlated( auto-correlation coefficient C = 0. 2170),and the occurrence of the time series of( CFBD) is long-range dependent( Hurst index H =0. 6416),showing considerably strong trend of increases in FBDC area. Three different methods were further carried out on the original time series,and its two surrogate series generated by function surrogate in library t series,and function Surrogate Data in library in Wavelet software R,so as to analyze the reliability of Hurst indexes. The results showed that the Hurst indices calculated using different estimation methods were greater than 0. 5,ranging from 0. 64 to 0. 97,which indicated that the change of occurrence area data of FBDs was positively autocorrelated.The long-range dependence in forest biological disasters in China is obvious,and the spatial extent of FBDs tended to increase during this study period indicating this trend should be expected to persistent and worsen in the future.展开更多
Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic fact...Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.展开更多
Cankered, dying seedlings of Juglans regia were observed in Shaanxi province in the northwest region of China. Neofusicoccum parvum was isolated from these cankered tissues, with the identification based on mor- pholo...Cankered, dying seedlings of Juglans regia were observed in Shaanxi province in the northwest region of China. Neofusicoccum parvum was isolated from these cankered tissues, with the identification based on mor- phology and an ITS-nrDNA sequence. In order to demonstrate how cultures of N. parvum could cause the expected symptoms, artificial infection, using these isolates and re-isolation of the pathogen, was used. This is the first report on this taxon as a walnut canker pathogen in China.展开更多
文摘Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondary pests are ascending to chief pests, increasing devastation from exotic pests, frequent ecological pest eruption induced by environmental detriment and host-leading diseases to threaten the "Western Development Project "in China, which is the most important economical strategy to China; th...
基金The authors would like to thank the district health authorities in Malappuram for their initiative and support of the field investigations.We also thank the staff of the Malappuram medical office,forest guards,security personnel,and for the technical support provided by the staff of the Kerala Unit and Maximum Containment Laboratory at the National Institute of Virology(NIV)Pune,India.We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),New Delhi,India.
文摘Background:Kyasanur Forest disease(KFD)is a febrile illness characterized by hemorrhages,and is reported endemic in the Shimoga district in Karnataka state,India.It is caused by the KFD virus(KFDV)of the family Flaviviridae,and is transmitted to monkeys and humans by Haemaphysalis ticks.Findings:We investigated a new focus of KFD among tribals in a reserve forest in Kerala state,India.A suspected case was defined as a person presenting with acute fever,headache,or myalgia.Human sera were collected and tested for KFDV RNA by real-time RT-PCR,RT-nPCR assay,and anti-KFDV IgM and IgG by ELISA.The index case was a tribal woman with febrile illness,severe myalgia,gum bleeding,and hematemesis.Anti-KFDV IgM antibody was detected in acute and convalescent sera of the index case along with IgG in the second serum.None of her family members reported fever.On verbal autopsy,two more fatal cases were identified as probable primary cases.Acute serum from a case in the second cluster was detected positive for KFDV RNA by real time RT-PCR(Ct=32)and RT-nPCR.Sequences of E gene showed highest similarity of 98.0%with the KFDV W-377 isolate nucleotide and 100%identity with amino acid.Anti-KFDV IgM was detected in the serum of one family member of the index case,as well as in one out of 17 other tribals.Conclusions:We confirmed a new focus of KFDV activity among tribals in a reserve forest in the Malappuram district of Kerala,India.
文摘Kyasanur Forest disease(KFD),a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever,is endemic in five districts of Karnataka state,India.Recent reports of the spread of disease to neighboring districts of the Western Ghats,namely Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka,Nilgiri district in Tamil Nadu,Wayanad and Malappuram districts in Kerala,and Pali village in Goa are a cause for concern.Besides vaccination of the affected population,establishing an event-based surveillance system for monkey deaths in the national parks,wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests of the Western Ghats would help detect the disease early and thereby help implement appropriate control measures.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301139&31201040)funds from Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2012C24005&2014C33130)+2 种基金Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province(11-CX01&2013ZDA002)Zhejiang Provincial Key Disciplinary Fields of Geriatrics Program
文摘Forest bathing trip is a short, leisurely visit to forest. In this study we determined the health effects of forest bathing trip on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was sent to forest, and the other was sent to an urban area as control. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and profile of mood states （POMS） evaluation were performed. In the forest group,
基金Supported by the Project "Researches of Southern China’s Forestry Strategy"(2013-R17) and "Improvement of the Forest Resources Monitoring System of China"(2011-R03) Funded by the State Forestry Administration of China
文摘Forest biological disasters(FBD) seriously impact energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems,while the underlying causes of FBD are complex. These disasters involve large areas and cause tremendous losses. As a result,the occurrence of FBDs in China( CFBD) threatens the country's ability to realize its strategic target of increasing both forested area(40 million ha) and forest volume(1.3 billion m^3) from 2005 to 2020. Collectively,China has officially named this effort to increase forest area and volume the "Two Increases" as national goals related to forestry. Based on Hurst index analysis from fractal theory,we analyzed the time series of the occurrence area and related data of FBDs from 1950 to 2007 to quantitatively determine the patterns of the macro occurrence of FBDs in China. Results indicates that,the time series of( CFBD) areas is fractal( self-affinity fractal dimension D = 1. 3548),the fluctuation of( CFBD) areas is positively correlated( auto-correlation coefficient C = 0. 2170),and the occurrence of the time series of( CFBD) is long-range dependent( Hurst index H =0. 6416),showing considerably strong trend of increases in FBDC area. Three different methods were further carried out on the original time series,and its two surrogate series generated by function surrogate in library t series,and function Surrogate Data in library in Wavelet software R,so as to analyze the reliability of Hurst indexes. The results showed that the Hurst indices calculated using different estimation methods were greater than 0. 5,ranging from 0. 64 to 0. 97,which indicated that the change of occurrence area data of FBDs was positively autocorrelated.The long-range dependence in forest biological disasters in China is obvious,and the spatial extent of FBDs tended to increase during this study period indicating this trend should be expected to persistent and worsen in the future.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Mc Intire-Stennis
文摘Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.
基金supported by the program for tacking key problem of Shaanxi agricultural scientific and technological extent(2015NY124)Project NSFC(31270690)+1 种基金Project PCSIRT(NO.IRT1035)special funding for basic S&T work of Ministry of Science and Technology(2009FY210100)of China
文摘Cankered, dying seedlings of Juglans regia were observed in Shaanxi province in the northwest region of China. Neofusicoccum parvum was isolated from these cankered tissues, with the identification based on mor- phology and an ITS-nrDNA sequence. In order to demonstrate how cultures of N. parvum could cause the expected symptoms, artificial infection, using these isolates and re-isolation of the pathogen, was used. This is the first report on this taxon as a walnut canker pathogen in China.
