The early life immune dynamics and cellular drivers at single-cell resolution in lamb forestomachs and abomasum

Background Four-chambered stomach including the forestomachs(rumen,reticulum,and omasum)and abomasum allows ruminants convert plant fiber into high-quality animal products.The early development of this four-chambered stomach is crucial for the health and well-being of young ruminants,especially the immune development.However,the dynamics of immune development are poorly understood.Results We investigated the early gene expression patterns across the four-chambered stomach in Hu sheep,at 5,10,15,and 25 days of age.We found that forestomachs share similar gene expression patterns,all four stomachs underwent widespread activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses from d 5 to 25,whereas the metabolic function were significantly downregulated with age.We constructed a cell landscape of the four-chambered stomach using single-cell sequencing.Integrating transcriptomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that the immune-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in T cells,monocytes and macrophages,as well as the defense-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in endothelial cells in the four-stomach tissues.Moreover,the non-immune cells such as epithelial cells play key roles in immune maturation.Cell communication analysis predicted that in addition to immune cells,non-immune cells recruit immune cells through macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the forestomachs.Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the immune and defense responses of four stomachs are quickly developing with age in lamb's early life.We also identified the gene expression patterns and functional cells associated with immune development.Additionally,we identified some key receptors and signaling involved in immune regulation.These results help to understand the early life immune development at single-cell resolution,which has implications to develop nutritional manipulation and health management strategies based on specific targets including key receptors and signaling pathways.

Inhibitory effects of polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus gilvus on benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in mice

AIM: Although polysaccharides from Phellinus mushrooms are a well-known material with anti-tumor properties, there is no information about the effect of polysaccharides from Phellinus gilvus (PG) on tumor. The modulating effect of polysaccharides isolated from PG on the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in ICR female mice was investigated in this study.METHODS: A forestomach carcinogenesis model was established in 40 ICR female mice receiving oral administration of BaP for 4 wk. The mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (10 each). The mice in each group were treated with sterile water or PG for 4 and 8 wk (SW4,PGW4, SW8, and PGW8 groups). Eight or 12 wk after the first dose of BaP, forestomachs were removed for histopathological and RT-PCR analysis.RESULTS: In histopathological changes and RT-PCR analysis, sterile water-treated mice showed significant hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa with a significantly increased expression of mutant p53 mRNA compared to mice treated with PG for 8 wk.CONCLUSION: Polysaccharides isolated from PG may inhibit BaP-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in mice bydown-regulating mutant p53 expression.

Microbial Community in the Forestomachs of Alpacas (Lama pacos) and Sheep (Ovis aries)

Four 2-yr old alpacas （（48±2.3） kg） and four 2-yr old sheep （（50±1.7） kg） were used to study the pH and microbial community of forestomach from alpacas （Lama pacos） and sheep （Ovis aries） fed fresh alfalfa as the sole forage at low altitude （793 m）. The forestomach fluid was taken anaerobically via the esophagus. The electric pH meter and quantitative polymerase chain reaction systems were used to study the the pH and microbial community of forestomach. The results showed that the mean pH of forestomach fluid from alpacas was higher than that from sheep （P〈0.01）. The percentages of methanogens and Ruminococcusflavefaciens to total bacterial were lower in the forestomach of alpacas than that in the rumen of sheep, while the percentage of fungi and Fibrobacter succinogenes were higher. The percentage of protozoa was similar in the forestomach of alpacas and sheep. These differences can partly explain the reason that alpacas were lower methane production than sheep.

Depletion of CD4^+CD25^+ regulatory T cells can promote local immunity to suppress tumor growth in benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach carcinoma

AIM： To elucidate the distribution of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells （Tregs） in different lymphoid tissues and its local enhancement on tumor growth before and after depletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs. METHODS： Female ICR mice were garaged with benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） to induce forestomach carcinoma. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs were intraperitoneally depleted with monoclonal antibody PC61. These mice were divided into BaP-only, BaP ＋ IgG, BaP ＋ PC61, and control groups. The forestomach of mice was dissected for histological analysis, and tunnel test was performed for apoptosis of tumor cells. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs were sorted from different lymphoid tissues and expression of Foxp3, IL-10, and chemokine receptors was analyzed by flow cytometry, semi-quantitative and veal-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS： The mice gavaged with only BaP showed increased forestomach papilloma and carcinoma at wk 16 and 32. The proportion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs was significantly higher in peri-stomach regional lymph nodes than in other lymphoid tissues. These CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs in regional lymph nodes expressed higher levels of Foxp3 and IL-10, enriched in the CD62L-subset, and CCR1 and CCR5 chemokine receptors. In mice gavaged with BaP ＋ PC61, the number of tumor nodules and tumor volume decreased significantly with massive infiltrating cells and apoptosis of tumor cells. In the draining regional lymph nodes, the number of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs also decreased significantly. CONCLUSION： Inducible and activated CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs in the draining regional lymph nodes suppress host local immunity during tumor growth. Depletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tregs can promote host local immunity to suppress tumor growth.

Effect of BRM S1 expression on proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma

Objective: To discuss the ef ect of BRMS1 on the proliferation, migration and adhesion of mouse forestomach carcinoma(MFC). Methods: The constructed p CMV-myc-BRMS1 recombinant plasmid and blank plasmid were transfected into mouse forestomach carcinoma. MTT method was employed to measure the activity of gastric cancer cell; the scratch assay and Transwell assay to measure the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell; the adhesion assay to measure the adhesion of gastric cancer cell; while the Western blot assay to measure the expression of The NF-毷B signal pathway, downstream matrix metalloproteinase(MMP-2), MMP-9 and osteopontin and E-cadherin in the gastric cancer cell. Besides, the transplanted animal model of gastric cancer in mice was constructed to measure the size of tumor xenograft. Results: Results of MTT assay showed that, compared with the empty vector control group, the activity of gastric cancer cell was not af ected in the BRMS1 transfection group. The improved expression of BRMS1 could inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell(P<0.01). Besides, compared with the empty vector control group, the phosphorylation of NF-毷B p65 and I毷Bα was reduced in the BRMS1 transfection group, with the decreased expression of MMP 2, MMP 9 and osteopontin and the increased expression of E-cadherin(P<0.01). Results of animal experiment also showed that the expression of BRMS1 did not af ect the transplanted tumor. Conclusions: The expression of BRMS1 can signii cantly inhibit the adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of MCF gastric cancer cell, which is related to The NF-毷B signal pathway.

Reinforced tissue matrix to strengthen the abdominal wall following reversal of temporary ostomies or to treat incisional hernias

BACKGROUND Abdominal wall deficiencies or weakness are a common complication of tem-porary ostomies,and incisional hernias frequently develop after colostomy or ileostomy takedown.The use of synthetic meshes to reinforce the abdominal wall has reduced hernia occurrence.Biologic meshes have also been used to enhance healing,particularly in contaminated conditions.Reinforced tissue matrices(R-TMs),which include a biologic scaffold of native extracellular matrix and a syn-thetic component for added strength/durability,are designed to take advantage of aspects of both synthetic and biologic materials.To date,RTMs have not been reported to reinforce the abdominal wall following stoma reversal.METHODS Twenty-eight patients were selected with a parastomal and/or incisional hernia who had received a temporary ileostomy or colostomy for fecal diversion after rectal cancer treatment or trauma.Following hernia repair and proximal stoma closure,RTM(OviTex®1S permanent or OviTex®LPR)was placed to reinforce the abdominal wall using a laparoscopic,robotic,or open surgical approach.Post-operative follow-up was performed at 1 month and 1 year.Hernia recurrence was determined by physical examination and,when necessary,via computed tomo-graphy scan.Secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay,time to return to work,and hospital readmissions.Evaluated complications of the wound/repair site included presence of surgical site infection,seroma,hematoma,wound dehiscence,or fistula formation.RESULTS The observational study cohort included 16 male and 12 female patients with average age of 58.5 years±16.3 years and average body mass index of 26.2 kg/m^(2)±4.1 kg/m^(2).Patients presented with a parastomal hernia(75.0%),in-cisional hernia(14.3%),or combined parastomal/incisional hernia(10.7%).Using a laparoscopic(53.6%),robotic(35.7%),or open(10.7%)technique,RTMs(OviTex®LPR:82.1%,OviTex®1S:17.9%)were placed using sublay(82.1%)or intraperitoneal onlay(IPOM;17.9%)mesh positioning.At 1-month and 1-year follow-ups,there were no hernia recurrences(0%).Average hospital stays were 2.1 d±1.2 d and return to work occurred at 8.3 post-operative days±3.0 post-operative days.Three patients(10.7%)were readmitted before the 1-month follow up due to mesh infection and/or gastrointestinal issues.Fistula and mesh infection were observed in two patients each(7.1%),leading to partial mesh removal in one patient(3.6%).There were no complications between 1 month and 1 year(0%).CONCLUSION RTMs were used successfully to treat parastomal and incisional hernias at ileostomy reversal,with no hernia recurrences and favorable outcomes after 1-month and 1-year.

奶牛前胃疾病防治技术探索与实践

奶牛前胃疾病主要有前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃酸中毒、瘤胃臌胀、瓣胃阻塞及创伤性网胃炎等。这些前胃疾病大多由饲养管理不当造成,严重影响奶牛健康养殖。本文探索了奶牛前胃疾病的发病原因、临床症状、防治措施等,进一步推进奶牛前胃疾病诊疗技术的创新和转化,逐步形成完善的防控和诊治体系,为奶牛养殖场在奶牛前胃疾病防控方面提供参考。

中西医结合治疗牛前胃弛缓临床效果观察

前胃弛缓是牛的前胃兴奋性降低、胃壁收缩力下降、前胃内容物向后段消化道输送变慢、胃内饲料异常发酵及菌群失调,引起牛的消化功能出现障碍和身体机能出现紊乱的一种疾病。是牛的一种常见病、多发病,发病因素复杂。如果诊治不当,或延误治疗,将给养牛场(户)带来较大经济损失。临床治疗牛前胃弛缓主要采用缓解瘤胃鼓胀,预防酸中毒,增加营养物质供给,防止脱水,促进瘤胃机能恢复为主要治疗原则。西医和中医治疗牛前胃弛缓各具优势,本课题组结合40余年的临床经验,自拟中药“温脾回阳汤”方剂,中西医结合治疗牛前胃弛缓,治愈率达95%以上。

苯并(a)芘诱导小鼠前胃癌模型的建立及共轭亚油酸对其预防作用

目的 用苯并 (a)芘〔B(a)P〕建立小鼠前胃癌模型 ,观察不同构成的共轭亚油酸 (CLA)对前胃癌的抑制作用以及与脂质过氧化的关系。方法 通过灌胃方式给予昆明种小鼠B(a)P ,建立前胃癌模型。用光学显微镜作病理组织检查 ,用比色法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 利用B(a)P成功地在昆明种小鼠体内建立了前胃癌模型 ,病理结果分析表明所建立的前胃癌为鳞状细胞癌 ;小鼠前胃肿瘤的计数结果表明 ,B (a)P组 ,75 %c9,t11 CLA组 ,98%c9,t11 CLA组 ,98%t10 ,c12 CLA组的肿瘤发生率分别为 10 0 %,75 .0 %,6 9.2 %和 5 3.8%;并且 75 %c9,t11 CLA ,98%c9 ,t11 CLA ,98%t10 ,c12 CLA明显降低前胃肿瘤的直径 ,但对荷瘤小鼠的平均荷瘤数没有影响 ;与阴性对照组和B(a)P对照组相比 ,CLA处理能提高小鼠体内MDA含量。结论 B(a)P诱导昆明种小鼠的前胃组织形成鳞状细胞癌 ;不同构成CLA对B(a)P诱导小鼠前胃癌均具有抑制作用 ,并且MDA可能是CLA发挥预防肿瘤作用的可能机理之一。

0～56日龄舍饲肉用羔羊前胃功能发育研究

选用甘肃肉用绵羊新品种选育群公羔(单羔)45只,分为9组,每组5只,分别于0,7,14,21,28,35,42,49和56 d屠宰、取样,测定与前胃功能发育相关的内容物相对重量、pH值及瘤胃内容物VFAs、主要微生物消化酶等指标的变化规律。结果表明,羔羊瘤网胃内容物相对重量(%全胃内容物重量)在0～35 d呈线性增加(R2=0.93,P=0.00),在28 d时为61.54%,35 d时为76.87%;瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃均具有较低的pH值,分别为5.30～6.03,5.37～6.42和5.39～6.15;瘤胃以乙酸发酵类型为主导,内容物A/P为2.18～3.82,丙酸含量较高;瘤胃内容物中微生物蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性较高的日龄分别出现在21,7和14 d。在本试验条件下,羔羊在28 d时前胃功能发育已基本完成。舍饲并于7 d开始补饲的饲养方式下,于35 d或提早至28 d对羔羊开展早期断奶可行。

中兽药防治牛前胃疾病的现状及存在的问题

牛前胃疾病是制约养牛业发展的一类重要疾病,长期以来中兽药在牛的重要前胃病防治中发挥了重要作用,但依然存在着在养牛业生产实践中难于推广和合理正确实施的困境。论文综述了牛前胃疾病的发病原因、临床症状、中西兽药治疗方法及其中兽药在治疗该类疾病方面的特色和优势,结合现代养牛业生产实际,分析了中兽药在防治该类疾病方面的困境及亟待解决的问题,以期为防治此类疾病的中兽药制剂研发和推广提供参考资料。

不同断奶日龄对舍饲肉用羔羊前胃功能发育的影响

选用甘肃肉用羊新品种育种群出生公羔(单羔)55只,分为3个处理组,其中28、42d断奶组各15只,对照组(不断奶)25只.供试羔羊生后均哺食母乳,于7日龄开始补饲.2个断奶组羔羊均于断奶后0、7、14d屠宰,测定前胃各室内容物的相对质量、pH、瘤胃内容物的脂肪酸(VFA)浓度及与总挥发性脂肪酸的比值、主要微生物消化酶比活性等指标.结果表明:对照组羔羊在35d、断奶组羔羊在断奶日瘤网胃内容物占全胃内容物质量相对质量均达到成年羊水平,早期断奶对其未产生显著影响(P>0.05).断奶组与未断奶组羔羊各时段瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃内容物pH均相对稳定,断奶未对其产生明显影响(P>0.05).断奶与否对TVFA和各种酸的浓度无明显影响,所有处理的TVFA浓度均居较高水平,呈随日龄增长的趋势.断奶组羔羊瘤胃内容物微生物蛋白酶活性在断奶后7d和14d上升较快,但仍低于对照组对应日龄;断奶使微生物蛋白活性降低,日龄越小受影响越大,但恢复能力强.断奶可促使微生物淀粉酶活性增强,且断奶日龄越小增幅越大.断奶对纤维酶比活性有影响.舍饲并于7日龄开始补饲条件下,42日龄断奶羔羊调节前胃功能的能力较强,28日龄断奶应激较大,但羔羊可在较短的时间内消除断奶引起的不良影响.

醋酸盐缓冲合剂对碱过多性胃肠弛缓的疗效

对６９例前胃弛缓和瘤胃积食等胃肠弛缓自然病牛的瘤胃内环境参数和植物神经调控指标进行了检测。前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食病牛的瘤胃内环境参数基本一样，特征是ｐＨ值明显升高，分别为（７．９３±０．４７）和（８．０４±０．５９），漂浮沉降时间明显缩短，次甲蓝反应时间明显延长，总酸度降低至（１３．１０±４．７５）Ｕ和（１１．２３±４．５５）Ｕ，纤毛虫数量减少、活力减退，细菌以Ｇ－者为主，乳酸增多，乙酸、丙酸和ＶＦＡ总量减少。前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食病牛血清肾上腺素（Ｅ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）和儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）等第一信使指标，ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ等第二信使指标改变不大。根据瘤胃内环境参数检测结果，结合临床表现，确认６９例胃肠弛缓病牛均为碱过多性胃肠弛缓，对其中５９例投服醋酸盐缓冲合剂（无水醋酸钠１３１ｇ，冰醋酸２２．９２ｍＬ，常水１０Ｌ）进行治疗，治愈率在９０％以上，平均投用方剂数仅为１．３付。

半夏泻心汤对MNNG诱导大鼠前胃鳞癌的防治作用

目的观察半夏泻心汤对N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,MNNG诱导大鼠前胃鳞癌的防治作用。方法将140只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,空白组20只、模型组100只、模型中药组20只,采用MNNG联合多因素造模。每4周抽检模型组大鼠4只,观察前胃黏膜组织学变化,确定造模是否成功。造模成功后抽检各组大鼠,并将剩余模型组39只大鼠随机分为4组,模型对照组9只,半夏泻心汤高、中、低剂量组各10只,分别给予0.9%生理盐水、2.29、1.375、0.6875 g/m L的半夏泻心汤灌胃,10 m L/kg,1次/天,连续12周。40周末,处死全部大鼠,观察前胃黏膜组织学变化。结果 28周末前胃鳞状上皮增生、异型增生、鳞癌发生率,空白组为5%、5%、0,模型组为100%、83.3%、50%,模型中药组为0、0、0。40周末前胃鳞状上皮增生、异型增生、鳞癌发生率,模型对照组为100%、100%、77.8%,高剂量组为100%、85.7%、57.1%,中剂量组为100%、44.5%、22.3%,低剂量组为100%、77.8%、66.7%。结论半夏泻心汤对MNNG多因素造模法诱发大鼠前胃鳞癌的发生具有一定的防治作用。

番茄红素对小鼠脂类及细胞DNA氧化损伤的影响

目的建立小鼠前胃癌模型,探讨番茄红素对小鼠前胃癌的抑制机制及对脂类和淋巴细胞DNA的抗氧化损伤作用。方法昆明小鼠随机分成5组,实验3组饲喂高、中、低不同剂量的番茄红素饲料,阳性与正常对照组饲喂正常饲料,实验组与阳性组灌喂含人类致癌物苯并(a)芘B(a)P的色拉油(浓度为5 mg/mL),正常对照组给予相同剂量的色拉油,每周两次,共8次,建立前胃癌模型,24周后处死动物,观察肿瘤生长及脂类和淋巴细胞DNA的氧化损伤情况。结果番茄红素具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,给予番茄红素后能降低前胃癌的发生率,可提高小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px活性,降低丙二醛MDA含量和减少淋巴细胞DNA的氧化损伤(P<0.05)。结论番茄红素具有明显抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其作用机制可能与增强机体抗氧化酶功能,降低脂类氧化产物MDA,减少淋巴细胞DNA损伤有关。

农家肥料污染水源诱发大小鼠前胃鳞癌

目的探讨农家肥料污染水源诱发大小鼠前胃鳞癌的病因及预防措施。方法将270只大鼠、300只小鼠分为8组,大剂量实验组、小剂量实验组(农肥水+亚硝酸钠);干预1、2、3组分别以干预措施1、2、3处理,其中干预措施1为我们的专利《消除饮用水中N-亚硝基化合物及其前体物的方法》;对照1、2、3组(分别为亚硝酸钠组、农肥水组、饮用水组)。使用玉米杆、水稻杆、青草和人畜粪尿快速堆肥,取其肥料水亚硝化和酸化。大剂量实验组:0.4%亚硝化农肥水,每次15ml/kg;小剂量实验组:0.4%亚硝化农肥水,每次7.5ml/kg。实验组和各干预组、对照组分别使用1mol/L的盐酸调节pH至2,每周灌药2次。结果实验组大鼠诱发前胃鳞癌为27.5%(大剂量,11/40),10%(小剂量,4/40);诱发重度增生35%(大剂量,14/40),12.5%(小剂量,5/40);3个对照组无癌诱出。实验组小鼠诱发前胃鳞癌为26.6%(大剂量,12/45)、8.9%(小剂量,4/45);诱发重度增生37.8%(大剂量,17/45),8.9%(小剂量,4/45);3个对照组亦无癌诱出。干预1组均无癌诱出(P<0.001),干预有效;干预2、3组与实验1组无统计学差异。结论模拟高发区现场,以不同剂量亚硝化农肥水诱出不同比例的大小鼠前胃鳞癌;为"食管癌、胃癌和肝癌的氮循环——N-亚硝基化合物前体物病因假说"提供了有力的佐证。另外,干预措施1能有效预防农肥、亚硝酸盐污染水源对食管癌的诱发作用。证明我们的专利《消除饮用水中N-亚硝基化合物及其前体物的方法》有效,可以直接应用于食管癌、胃癌和肝癌的病因预防。

小鼠前胃癌变粘膜中EGFR,cyclin D1,VEGF表达的相互关系

目的 :建立小鼠前胃癌变模型 ,揭示在前胃黏膜组织癌变前后表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR)、细胞周期素D1 (cyclinD1 )及血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达水平的变化规律及相互关系 ,阐明食管癌及其癌前病变发生、发展的分子学机制 ,为食管癌高危人群的预防和治疗提供实验依据 .方法 :将 6 0只ICR雌性小鼠随机分为 2组 ,A组 :诱癌组 (n =4 0 ) ;用 2g·kg-1 肌氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和 0 .3g·kg-1 亚硝酸钠分别与 0 .0 1mol·L-1 盐酸配成 2 0 0g·L-1 和 30g·L-1 水溶液 ,灌喂前等量混合 ,每周灌喂 2次 ;B组 :对照组 (n =2 0 ) ,仅服用等量的生理盐水 .77d将小鼠全部处死 ,取前胃组织每例标本常规作一张HE染色以确定病变程度 ,免疫组化染色结果的判定以已知的皮肤EGFR、乳腺癌cyclinD1及血管瘤VEGF阳性切片作为阳性对照 ;应用 χ2 检验、非参数秩和检验及确切概率法对所得结果进行统计分析 .结果 :A组 1 0 0 %出现前胃上皮角化亢进 ,87.2 %有癌前期病变发生 ,癌总发生率为 35 .9% .癌变组织中只有EGFR与VEGF在程度进展上有密切关系 (χ2 =1 7.4 4 ,0 .0 2 5 <P <0 .0 5 ) ,二者呈正向变化 ,统计学意义显著 .结论 :EGFR ,cyclinD1 ,VEGF在癌前病变中表达水平均有显著提高 ,说明与癌肿的发生密切相关 ;而表达程度与组织?

Effect of Lonicerae Flos extracts on reflux esophagitis with antioxidant activity

AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

前胃疾病对肉牛瘤胃机能的影响

为探讨肉牛前胃疾病对瘤胃机能的影响,用多道生理记录仪记录肉牛的瘤胃收缩机能,观察牛反刍和嗳气的频率,以确定其对瘤胃的运动机能的影响;检测瘤胃内纤毛虫的变化及发酵强度来确定其对消化机能的影响。试验结果表明,在发生前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌胀等前胃疾病情况下,瘤胃收缩强度和收缩频率极显著下降,反刍频率显著降低甚至停止,嗳气频率降低。前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食和瘤胃臌胀牛与正常牛相比的纤毛虫数量极显著减少(P<0.01),纤毛虫活力亦极显著降低。说明肉牛前胃疾病发生后,对瘤胃机能产生显著不良影响。

B(a)P诱导小鼠前胃癌过程中组织病理学变化

目的 :探讨B(a)P诱导小鼠前胃癌过程中胃组织形态学的动态改变。方法 :小鼠用 5mg/ml的B(a)P灌胃 ,每周两次 ,共 4周。以后每隔 4周处死一部分小鼠 ,对胃组织进行病理组织学观察。结果 :从第 17周开始小鼠前胃开始出现肉眼可见的肿瘤 ,前胃组织由局部腺体增生、排列紊乱逐步发展为腺体普遍异常增生 ,形成早期胃癌 ,进一步发展出现进展期胃癌。结论 :B(a)P诱导的小鼠前胃癌的潜伏期大约 3个月左右 ,前胃组织病理学动态变化过程是萎缩性胃炎、不典型增生。