Benefit measurement of the soil and water conservation for ecological forestry engineering

Data were collected from Three-north Region, Middle and upper reaches region of Yangtze River and Coastal region. By analysis of factors influencing soil erosion, the longitude, latitude, annual precipitation, and the slope degree were selected as regional independent variables and canopy density and stock litter were selected as independent variables, and integral diffusing models were established for evaluation of the benefit of soil and water conservation of forest. By solving the parameters of models using the package of STATISTICA, the Power function between independent variables and dependent variables was set up. The soil conservation amount of forest and economic values were estimated using the contrast method for the ecological forestry engineering of the above three areas.

A study on the measurement for forest ecological benefit

The indexes of dependent variables of the measurement on the forest ecological benefits were defined according to the analysis of the multiple ecological benefits of forest. This indexes system includes waterreserving, soil and water conservation, wind and sand suppression, microclimate improvement, carbon dioxide assimilation, atmosphere purification, flood and drought mitigation, tourism resource and wild creature protection benefits. The main factors from the numerous factors that affect dependent variables were chosen as independent variables. At last, a multivariate linear model was established for measurement of forest ecological benefit. With this multivariate linear model the forest ecological benefit of China was calculated. The forest ecological benefit of China is 723816 million yuan per year, which equals to 23.07% of the gross domestic product of China.

Research Review of Post-Evaluation for Comprehensive Benefits of Forestry Ecological Programs

The paper summarized the meaning of post-evaluation for comprehensive benefits of forestry ecological programs, discussed and reviewed its development process in terms of content, indicators and methodologies, and finally presented its development trend from the perspectives of theoretical research, methodological research and application research.

Ecological Restoration Technology and Benefit Assessment of Karst Rocky Desertification Mountains in Xixiu District of Anshun City

Ecological restoration refers to the containment of soil erosion,restoration of water conservation,climate regulation,maintenance of ecological functions of biodiversity,and improvement of ecological environment and landscape pattern based on self-repairing capacity of the nature and combined with appropriate artificial measures. Since the natural restoration process of karst desertification mountain is very long,it needs to be supplemented by artificial vegetation restoration. This paper introduced the ecological restoration technologies implemented in karst rocky desertification mountains in Xixiu District,Anshun City of Guizhou Province,and also introduced the afforestation tending management measures. It assessed the ecological benefits of the ecological restoration project from five aspects: mountain community characteristics,vegetation coverage,species diversity,afforestation survival rate and landscape effect.

Research on Evaluation of Forest Ecological Benefit

Forests create three major benefits, i.e. economic, ecological and social benefits. Evaluation onforest ecological benefits is an important issue to study nowadays, which can provide the scientific basis forreasonable allocation of resources and realization of forestry compensation. This paper is focused on theconception of forest ecological benefits, the current research on evaluation of forest ecological benefits athome and abroad, and research methods adopted and theoretical basis with the following 7 aspects involved:water head protection, soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixing, carbon fixing and oxygenproduction, atmosphere purification, forest recreation and biodiversity conservation. Problems existing incurrent studies are also presented, such as rationality of replacement, compatibility of the outcomes, repetitionof calculation, comprehensiveness of evaluation and affection of subjective factors, and so on. In the end,suggestions for future studies on evaluation of forest ecological benefits are offered.

林业生态环境损害赔偿实践问题的探索和研究

随着社会经济的发展,人们对林业生态环境的重视程度日益增加,林业生态损害赔偿问题也引起了学界和实务界的更多关注。然而,目前我国林业生态环境损害赔偿实践中仍存在处理相关问题的法律体系不健全、损害价值评估不准确、环境侵害责任难认定等问题。对此展开探索和研究,针对性地提出召开听证会、建立损害赔偿协作机制、咨询专家学者、通过走访办案部门了解实际问题等方法,力求解决林业生态环境损害赔偿办案中遇见的重点和难点问题,为生态环境损害赔偿实践提供理论和技术支持。

辽西矿区废弃地水保生态修复措施探究

随着采矿业的不断发展,矿区的废弃地问题也日益凸显。废弃地的土壤侵蚀严重,植被稀少,同时水、土壤和大气污染严重,给周围环境带来了严重的破坏。因此,实施废弃地的水土保持生态修复关键技术就显得尤为重要。以辽西地区为例,通过废弃地的水土保持生态修复措施,可以有效地实现水土保持和荒漠化治理,对促进矿区土地快速修复具有至关重要的作用。矿区废弃地的生态修复措施产生了显著的效果。植被覆盖率得到明显的提高,小气候也得到了明显的改善。逐步实现了生态修复的社会化和专业化,也带来了良好的生态效益和经济效益。

Multi-sectoral Participatory Urban Forestry Development in Philippines Metropolitan Manila

Metropolitan Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, initiated urban forestry projects toshowcase its environmental benefits. Metro Manila was once a part of a tropical mangrove forest dominatedby small trees locally called nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae). The fast-paced urbanization transformedthe original ecosystem into a bustling metropolis subjected to environmental decay. The establishment ofurban forestry is one of the interventions sought by the government to mitigate the environmental conditions.Thus, the concept of participatory urban forestry was formalized in 1988 by the national government.However, it was during the early years of the 1970s that the idea of exerting collective effort in greeningMetro Manila started through the Green Revolution, with the primary motive of uplifting the economiccondition of the people rather than on ecological enhancement. The project was forced on the people to plantvegetables and fruit trees with less emphasis on forest trees species. Although the project was not successful,the government realized that the citizenry could be a great partner for a collective worthwhile undertaking.

块菌活性物质、栽培技术及其在农林生产上的应用

文章对块菌的活性成分、半人工栽培技术以及在农林生产上的应用进行了综述,同时,对块菌生产应用中面临的问题展开了讨论和展望,着重分析了相关研究目前面临的主要问题、对策及发展方向.

基于SBM-Malmquist 模型的云南林业生态效率测算及时空差异性研究

运用SBM-Malmquist模型对2011—2020年云南16个州市的林业生态效率进行空间和时间测度。结果表明:云南林业生态效率整体水平较高,呈波动上升趋势,但未达到稳定的最优水平;规模效率是制约云南林业生态效率的关键要素;林业生态效率的静态效率值(TC)呈现出滇东北>滇中>滇南>滇西北的特征;林业生态效率的动态效率值(Mg)大部分时间为低促进水平,林业技术进步效率有待加强;各区域林业生态效率的动态效率波动大,且区域间存在明显差异。最后,提出了促进云南林业生态效率高水平发展的建议。

城市绿地生态效益测度研究进展

城市绿地是国土空间中发挥碳汇功能的重要空间载体,明确城市绿地生态效益及其测度方法相关研究进展,能够为改善生态环境、协助城市可持续发展提供理论依据,对优化城市绿色空间格局、提升碳汇效能具有重要意义。本文基于大量相关科学研究文献,综述了城市绿地生态效益测度基本内涵、现阶段特征、主要方法和未来展望。首先对城市绿地生态效益相关概念展开论述,并总结了当前城市绿地生态测度的主要研究方向;其次对相关国内外研究现状进行追踪与分析,总结了现阶段城市绿地生态效益测度研究的两大特征;随后在此基础上,对城市绿地生态效益测度方法进行了分类,主要分为价值测度法、模型测度法、指标体系法;最后,强调未来研究方向要多关注城市绿地负效应研究,开拓更多生态效益测度方法,加快城市绿地生态效益测度应用,以期进一步推动城市绿地生态环境可持续发展。

浅谈山区基层森林防灭火规范化建设--以河源市连平县大湖镇为例

随着国家对生态文明建设的要求越来越严,以及绿美广东生态建设各项工作逐步推进,河源市森林防灭火工作在落实镇村“最后一公里”问题上不断加强探索,以河源市连平县大湖镇为试点,通过生物防火林带建设、规范防火检查站、优化工作流程、网格化精准宣传等方式探索出一条适合山区基层的森林防灭火规范化建设路径。研究结果可为山区乡镇森林防灭火规范化建设提供参考。

林业技术推广在生态林业建设中的应用分析

随着人们环保意识的不断增强,对生态林业建设也提出了更高的要求。这就要求在生态林业建设中做好林业技术的推广工作,将林业科研成果应用于生态林业生产实践,全面提高生态林业建设的现代化水平。基于此,概述了林业技术推广与生态林业建设,阐述了林业技术推广在生态林业建设中的作用,分析了林业技术推广在生态林业建设存在的问题,并探讨了林业技术推广在生态林业建设中的应用措施。

粤东高州油茶林固碳释氧及增湿降温能力计量评价

高州油茶Camellia gauchowensis是华南区域主栽油茶品种之一。探讨核算其林分固碳释氧和增湿降温能力,旨在为其生态功能综合评价提供数据参考。文章以揭阳市内高州油茶成林为研究对象,采用光合仪测定其光合蒸腾参数;利用积分法测算其单位叶面积固碳量、释氧量、增湿量和降温量;结合叶面积指数核算其单位林地面积固碳量、释氧量、增湿量和降温量;运用环境效益评价法估算揭阳市内现有高州油茶林生态效益。结果表明高州油茶单位叶面积固碳量、释氧量、增湿量和降温量存在明显的季节差异,固碳释氧能力夏季高于冬季,全年季节变化由大到小依次为9月、7月、1月、3月和11月,其单位叶面积日平均固碳量和释氧量分别为6.777 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)、4.929 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1);增湿降温作用夏季明显,全年季节变化由大到小依次为7月、9月、11月、1月和3月,分别为1090.073 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)和0.210℃;高州油茶单位林地面积日平均固碳量、释氧量、增湿量和降温量分别为18.841 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)、13.702 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)、3030.402 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)、0.585℃。揭阳市现有高州油茶林面积为1400 hm2,其全年固碳量、释氧量、增湿量和降温量分别为6.07万t、4.41万t、975.79万t、1.88×10^(9)℃。揭阳市全年固碳释氧及增湿降温计量获得的总货币效益为5.68亿元。由此可见,高州油茶具有良好的生态功能效益。

绿色发展理念下林业生态保护的路径探索

在绿色发展理念下,探索林业生态保护的路径是至关重要的。森林在维护生物多样性、调节气候和提供生态系统服务方面起着至关重要的作用。为实现可持续发展,需要在经济增长与环境保护之间取得平衡。林业生态保护是绿色发展的重要组成部分,它旨在保护和恢复森林生态系统功能,实现林业的可持续发展。本文主要是从绿色可持续发展的角度出发,分析如何在促进社会经济发展的同时做好林业的生态保护工作,以提升林业生物多样性、提升土地利用率、加大资金投入、提升科技保护创新等方式探索林业的生态保护,旨在完善林业生态的绿色发展道路。

加强贵州省森林生态效益补偿资金管理的措施分析

本文介绍了贵州省公益林的生态效益补偿现状,分析了补偿资金管理存在的问题,并针对性地提出了加强森林生态效益补偿资金管理和提高资金兑现率的措施及建议。

林业生态工程10种森林生态效益计量理论和方法

从森林生态效益计量角度出发．在分析生态效益作用的机理基础上．给出了森林生态效益的定义。明确指出．森林资源是森林生态效益的载体．二者之间是一种松散的相关关系、即第二类的相关关系。由此产生森林生态效益的自变量所特有的区域自变量集和林分自变量集。在界定森林涵养水源等10种生态效益的概念、性质和它们的相关关系基础上．确定它们独立的自变量集和标准化因变量集．并构造它们的整体扩散模型、从而实现对我国林业生态工程的10种森林生态效益的总体初步估计。

林业生态措施在鼠害控制中的应用

利用林业生态措施控制林区害鼠的结果表明 ,在造林设计时 ,应按地域或不同立地条件选择造林树种 ,加大造林密度 ,营造混交林 ,抑制林区鼠害的发展蔓延 ;利用灌木和次生林发达的根系阻止害鼠活动 ;改变不合理的造林技术 ,抑制害鼠蔓延 ;在林业经营管理过程中 ,采取各种耕作措施 ,恶化害鼠栖息环境 ,除草抚育 ,减少害鼠食源 ,或者利用代替性食物预防害鼠对林木的危害 ,同时利用驱鼠植物如紫苏、蓖麻等进行林间套种间作 ,起到预防害鼠的作用。

北京奥林匹克森林公园空气负离子浓度及其影响因素

在北京奥林匹克森林公园内的典型群落环境内外选定样点和对照点,并于2009年8月18—20日连续测定空气中的负离子浓度。结果表明:不同的群落结构条件下,乔灌草复合植物群落在影响负离子的产生效果方面要优于简单植物群落结构,尤其高于单层的群落结构,同时其与负离子浓度的相关性最大;不同的植被类型条件下,大面积的落叶阔叶林区域的负离子浓度要显著高于针阔叶混交林区域和针叶林区域。最后,综合比较空气负离子浓度与空气温湿度的关系,发现空气负离子浓度与空气湿度、空气温度呈正相关。

林业会计信息披露的探讨

从揭示现行林业会计信息披露存在的缺陷入手,通过分析完善林业会计信息披露的必要性,对构建我国林业会计信息披露的模式作了进一步探讨。指出林业会计信息披露模式主要包含:①林业会计信息披露的一般原则;②林业会计信息披露的质量特征;③林业会计信息披露的内容;④林业会计信息披露的方式。其中,一般原则包括社会性原则、充分披露原则、灵活性原则和成本效益原则等;质量特征有相关性、可靠性、可比性、可理解性和重要性等;披露内容涉及森林资源资产、环境成本、环境收益和环境利润等;披露方式是将财务报告和环境报告相结合,以有利于真实有效地向利益相关者及社会公众披露林业生态、社会效益信息。