Formation Reason Analysis and Defense Countermeasure of Rare Frozen Disaster in Guizhou in 2008

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the formation reason of low temperature and frozen disaster weather event in Guizhou in 2008.[Method] By using T213,ECMWF numerical forecast data and the conventional meteorological observation data which were provided by MICAPS,according to the variation situations of frozen rain,freezing,road freezing and ground surface 0 ℃ line range,the weather situation evolution characteristic of low temperature and frozen weather process (congelation for short) in Guizhou from January 13 to February 15,2008 was analyzed.The formation reason of low temperature and frozen disaster weather event in Guizhou was discussed,and the defense countermeasure was put forward.[Result] The low temperature and frozen weather process happened when the continuous precipitation was caused by that every scale weather system intersected in Guizhou under the abnormal atmospheric circulation background.East Asian inverted Ω flow type in the northern hemisphere made that the atmospheric circulation stabilized for a long time,and the north branch frontal zone was by south.The polar cold air continued to complement and went south to affect Jiangnan,South China.The south branch westerly fluctuation was active,and the frontal zone intensity of stationary front was big,which maintained for a long time.850 hPa shear line in the low level maintained to swing in the junction of Guangxi and Guizhou,Hunan.The southwest warm and wet airflow continued transporting to the south of China.The cold and warm air intersected in South China,which caused the long-time precipitation in Guizhou.The thermal inversion layer was deep and thick.The long-time precipitation based generally on the light rain.It was easy to form the supercooled water droplet.The verglas range expanded from Guizhou,the south of Hunan to the north of Guangxi.The frozen rain and frozen weather caused the long-time road and wire freezing.The disaster was serious.The ground surface temperature 0 ℃ line covered the cold mountain area in the whole province for a long time.The ground surface freezing was difficult to melt,and the low temperature and frozen weather affected Guizhou for a long time.[Conclusion] The research accumulated the experience for the disaster prevention and reduction of such weather.

Analysis on the Influence of Spring Low Temperature on the Agriculture and the Formation Reason in Liaoning Province in 2010

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of spring low temperature on the agriculture and the formation reason in Liaoning Province in 2010. [Method] Based on the synoptics analysis principle, by analyzing the atmospheric circulation situation and satellite cloud map, the influence of spring low temperature on the agriculture and the formation reason of low temperature weather in Liaoning Province during April-May, 2010 were discussed. [Result] The high-altitude situation analysis showed that it was two-trough-two-ridge situation in the high latitude of Eurasia in April, 2010. Ural Mountains high-pressure ridge strengthened to move eastward. Lake Baikal cold air went down toward the southeast along the front of ridge and strengthened into the cold vortex. Liaoning was in the front of cold vortex. Affected by the cold vortex, the temperature in Liaoning area was low. In the first dekad of May, 2010, the activity of cold air was frequent. There were two times cold vortex influence, and the temperature was still low. In the later period of middle dekad of May, the warm ridge entered, and the temperature rose. The high-altitude trough and the low-level jet were the main system and the dynamic condition of precipitation generation respectively. The cold vortex was the main reason of spring continuous low temperature generation, and the secondary reason was the more precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the reference basis for the prevention and prediction of spring low temperature in Liaoning Province.

Analysis on Formation Reason of "0902" Blizzard in Northeast China

[Objective]The research aimed to analyze formation reason of ＂ 0902＂ blizzard in northeast China. [Method]By using timely observation data,NCEP reanalysis data and Doppler radar data at Baishan station,blizzard process in southeast part of northeast China during 12-13 February,2009 was analyzed. [Result]Snowfall zone of the blizzard process was wide,snowfall was more,snowfall gradient was big,and snowfall time relatively concentrated. These characteristics reflected that the blizzard process had significant convection characteristics. Baroclinic disturbance at high-altitude straight frontal zone and ground warm frontogenesis caused by eastward movement and northward advancement of North China low vortex at low altitude were the circulation characteristics in the process. Water vapor from the sea went northward as southwest airflow,and strongly converged in blizzard zone,which provided sufficient water vapor condition for the blizzard. Before heavy snowfall occurred,there was accumulation process of heat and energy. Conditional symmetric instability was main unstable mechanism of the blizzard. During heavy snowfall period,ascending branch of secondary vertical circulation at exit zone of high-altitude jet coupled with ascending branch of secondary vertical circulation of warm frontegenesis at low layer,inducing strong development of the vertical motion. Doppler radar intensity echo revealed that it was easy to generate blizzard in the area where echo intensity was consistently above 20 dBz. Strong wind velocity convergence zone at radical velocity field especially adverse wind zone was favorable for the generation of blizzard. [Conclusion]The research could provide reference for blizzard forecast in northeast China.

Analysis on Formation Reason of a Local Heavy Rainstorm in Linyi Area

[Objective] The research aimed to study formation reason of a local heavy rainstorm process in Linyi from night on August 3 to early morning on 4th, 2010. [Method] Based on MICAPS weather chart, actual situation data of NECP analysis field, data of automatic encryption station and Doppler radar product, a local heavy rainstorm and extra heavy rainstorm process in Linyi from night on August 3 to early morning on 4th, 2010 was detailedly analyzed from weather background, meso- and micro-scale characteristics, physical mechanisms of occurrences and developments of meso and micro-scale systems. The formation reason of heavy rainstorm process was discussed. Moreover, we tried to find some occurrence rules of short-time strong precipitation. [Result] The local heavy rainstorm process had large short-time rainfall and obvious local characteristics. The main influence systems were subtropical high, westerly trough, meso- and small-scale ground low pressures. It was affected by many systems which had different scales and heights. The up-cold-down-warm unstable stratification accumulated a large number of unstable energy, which was basic condition of strong precipitation occurrence. It was convergence shear line at the bottom layer of airspace. The vertical shear and turbosphere of deep southwest-northwest-easterly airflow were at airspace. The common effect of up and down systems triggered generation of updraft, and made unstable energy release. For the release of unstable energy, after northwest airflow was cut off, the updraft made southwest airflow develop upward. It linked with easterly wave to form new vertical shear, which was a reason of long duration of strong precipitation. The southwest airflow at the edge of subtropical high was water vapor source of precipitation process, which provided sufficient water vapor supply for generation of heavy rainstorm. The system which was developing and strengthening would make the moving speed of system slow down. Then, the rainfall increased. It was a reason of long duration of strong precipitation. [Conclusion] The research accumulated certain experience for forecast work in future.

Analysis on Formation Reason of a Squall Line Weather in the Yellow River and Huaihe River Basins

[Objective]The research aimed to analyze formation reason of the strong squall weather in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins on June 3,2009.[Method]Using American NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data,observation data at automatic weather station,conventional meteorological data,FY-2C satellite cloud image and Doppler weather radar data in Shangqiu,circulation background situation of a strong squall line case on June 3,2009 in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins was conducted diagnostic analysis.Then,formation reason of the squall weather was discussed.[Result]Increasing convective instable stratification was the favorable situation.Translot in the rear of northeast cold vortex leaded cold air to go south.The rising airflow created by ground meso-scale convergence was as trigger mechanism of the convection.Water vapor from the south continuously supplied.Finally,squall line was formed,and developed.It was a high incidence zone of the thunderstorm and squall line near dry line.[Conclusion]The research provided reference for the future similar weather forecast.

Analysis on a Regional Heavy Rainstorm Process in North Henan

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional heavy rainstorm process in North Henan.[Method] Based on routine weather chart,rainfall station in county and town,satellite cloud chart,etc.,by using synoptic diagnostic method,formation reason of the regional heavy rainstorm weather in North Henan during 18-19 August,2010 was analyzed initially from large-scale circulation background,influence system,physical quantity field and terrain influence.[Result] The strong precipitation had obvious meso-scale characteristics.The main influence systems were ground meso-scale convergence line,shear line at the middle and low layers,low-level southwest jet.The low-level southwest jet transported sufficient water vapor for generation of the heavy rainstorm.The ground converge line increased convergence ascending movement and water vapor convergence.Atmospheric divergence convergence center at the low layer was just in North Henan.Strong rise zone of the vertical velocity was also in North Henan.It provided sufficient dynamic condition for rainstorm generation.Generation,development and movement of the ground meso-scale convergence line had good indications for occurrence times and falling zones of the rainstorm and short-time strong precipitation.The big-value zones of K index and θse at the low layer both presented Ω distribution at the vertical direction,which had indicative significance for strong precipitation forecast.The strong precipitation center corresponded with fork horn terrain,and orographic rain characteristics were obvious.[Conclusion] The research provided reference basis for forecast of this kind of rainstorm.

Analysis on a Cold Wave Weather Process in Winter in Gansu

[Objective]The research aimed to analyze a cold wave weather process in winter in Gansu.[Method] Based on routine observation data and numerical forecast products,formation reason and physical quantity characteristics of a cold wave process during 2-5 December,2008 were comprehensively analyzed by synoptic analysis and diagnostic analysis methods.[Result]The cold wave weather belonged to ' translot turning vertical type'.Collapse of the Urals ridge,turning vertical of the translot and strengthening south of the ground cold high induced the cold wave.Development of the Siberian low vortex drove the small branch of cold air in polar region supplementing south,playing certain promoting role in outbreak of the cold wave.Physical quantities in the cold wave process also had very good expression,such as vorticity,temperature advection,etc.[Conclusion]This research had important indication effect for early warning,forecast and decision service of the future similar weather process.

Analysis on the Disastrous Weather of Serious Drought in Northwest Hunan in Summer and Autumn of 2009

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the disastrous weather of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009.[Method] According to the meteorological data in Zhangjiajie of Northwest Hunan during the drought period from June to September,2009,the disaster characteristics of continuous drought in summer and autumn were analyzed.Based on NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data,by using the climatic diagnostic method,the formation reason of serious drought was initially analyzed from the circulation characteristics in the middle and high latitudes,Western Pacific subtropical high,the abnormal characteristics of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean and the tropical system activity.[Result] The characteristics of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009 were the quick developed speed,wide influence range,long duration,big disaster loss and long high temperature time.The influence range,duration and harm degree were rare to see in the history.During the arid period(June-September),the atmospheric circulation was abnormal.The polar vortex in the northern hemisphere was weak,and the center was by north.It was two-trough-one-ridge type in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The long-wave trough existed respectively near Balkhash Lake and from Sea of Okhotsk to the east coast in China.The long-wave ridge maintained from Lake Baikal to Central Asia and stabilized in 90°-110° E of Central Asia.From the middle dekad of June to the middle dekad of September,the westerly index increased.The zonal circulation was the main one in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The cold air in the high-latitude frontal zone spread eastward with the small-amplitude fluctuation form along the latitude circle direction,and was difficult to pass the westerly barrier near 45° N to reach the low latitude.Meanwhile,Western Pacific subtropical high jumped northward to control Jiangnan and South China for a long time.The down airflow was prevalent.It was hot and rainless.The drought developed quickly.The sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean started to rise in June,and it entered into El Nino state.When El Nino event of obvious temperature increasing started to appear in spring and summer,the plum rain amount was less in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River in the year or next year.The probability was 80%.In El Nino year,the typhoon was less.In addition,for the influence of strong Western Pacific subtropical high,the landing pathway of typhoon was by east or south.The kind of typhoon had the small role for easing the drought in Northwest Hunan.[Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for improving the prediction level of short-term climate and the understanding of extreme climate event.