In order to further improve the precision forming efficiency of a sand mold digital patternless casting and reduce the amount of sand mold cutting, a method for near-net forming of the sand mold with digital flexible ...In order to further improve the precision forming efficiency of a sand mold digital patternless casting and reduce the amount of sand mold cutting, a method for near-net forming of the sand mold with digital flexible extrusion technology was put forward. The theory, optimization algorithm and technology for sand mold nearnet forming were studied. Experimental results show that the sand mold forming efficiency can be increased by 34%, and the molding sand can be reduced by 44%. The method for near-net forming of a sand mold with digital flexible extrusion technology can effectively promote the application of digital patternless casting technology in the mass production of castings and thus greatly improves the efficiency and automation of sand mold manufacturing.展开更多
Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and...Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.展开更多
In recent years, a new type of gear named Logix gea r was developed. Actually, the tooth profile of this new type of gear is composed of lots of micro-segment involute curves, and on the profile, there exist lots of p...In recent years, a new type of gear named Logix gea r was developed. Actually, the tooth profile of this new type of gear is composed of lots of micro-segment involute curves, and on the profile, there exist lots of points, which their relative curvatures are equal to zero. This can result in the sliding coefficient smaller between two meshed Logix gears, and the mesh ch aracteristic becomes almost rolling transmission from sliding transmission accor dingly. So, this new type of gear has lots of advantages such as higher contact intensity, longer useful life and can easily realize power transfer of bigger tr ansmission ratio than standard involute gear. Study results showed that the cont act fatigue strength is 3 times larger, the bend fatigue strength is 2.5 times l arger, and the minimum tooth number can be decreased to 3, much smaller than tha t of standard involute gear. In this paper, following studies had been done: 1) The formation principle of Logix gear tooth profile was studied. The theoreti cal models describing the geometrical formations of this type of gear and its re lative Logix rack had been deduced. 2) While cutting a Logix gear, its tooth profile is decided by its normal tooth profile of Logix rack. Besides the basic parameters of standard involute gear, L ogix rack has its own specific parameters such as preliminary pressure angle, re lative pressure angle, and preliminary referential circle radius etc. So, the in fluence of connatural parameters of Logix rack on the tooth profile of Logix gea r had been farther studied. Reasonable selection for these parameters had been d iscussed. 3) Several kinds of transition curves for gear’s tooth profile had been introdu ced, its selection used by Logix gear had been described, and also its mathemati cal description model had been deduced. 4) The mesh theories of Logix gears had been developed. It had been proved that the transmission performance between Logix gears coincides with E-W theorem as that of ordinary standard involute gears. The formula calculating superposition coefficient was deduced according to its definition. Different from standard inv olute gears, the parameter of gear number has no effect on the superposition coe fficient of the Logix gears. Accordingly, bigger ratio transmission can be acqui red by means of decreasing the gear number, and its minimum gear number can be r eached to 3, much smaller than the minimum gear number of ordinary standard invo lute gear: 14~17. This is very important to realize the miniaturization of prod uction design. 5) The CAD special software was developed to design all kinds of Logix gears, an d a solid design example was offered. To sum up, by means of above study, the system info about Logix gear had been de veloped and enriched. This has most significant impact on its widely promotion a nd practical application, on the improvement of carrying capacity, miniaturizati on, and life of kinetic transmission products.展开更多
Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and compan...Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and companies in China have published ethical guidelines and principles for AI,and have launched projects to develop AI governance technologies.This paper presents a survey of these efforts and highlights the preliminary outcomes in China.It also describes the major research challenges in AI governance research and discusses future research directions.展开更多
In this paper,the application strategy of ultrasonic detection technology in the detection of concrete foundation piles is analyzed using a construction project as an example.It includes a basic overview of the projec...In this paper,the application strategy of ultrasonic detection technology in the detection of concrete foundation piles is analyzed using a construction project as an example.It includes a basic overview of the project,an overview of ultrasonic testing technology in bridge concrete pile foundation testing,and an analysis of its practical application in the concrete pile foundation testing of this project.The objective of this analysis is to provide some reference for the application of ultrasonic testing technology and the improvement of the quality of bridge concrete pile foundation testing.展开更多
Lightweight design is one of the current key drivers to reduce the energy consumption of vehicles.Design methodologies for lightweight components,strategies utilizing materials with favorable specific properties and h...Lightweight design is one of the current key drivers to reduce the energy consumption of vehicles.Design methodologies for lightweight components,strategies utilizing materials with favorable specific properties and hybrid materials are used to increase the performance of parts for automotive applications.In this paper,various forming processes to produce light parts are described.Material lightweight design is discussed,covering the manufacturing processes to produce hybrid components like fiber-metal,polymer-metal and metal-metal composites,which can be used in subsequent deep drawing or combined forming processes.Approaches to increasing the specific strength and stiffness with thermomechanical forming processes as well as the in situ control of the microstructure of such components are presented.Structure lightweight design discusses possibilities to plastically form high-strength or high-performance materials like magnesium or titanium in sheet,profile and tube forming operations.To join those materials and/or dissimilar materials,new joining by forming technologies are shown.To economically produce lightweight parts with gears or functional elements,incremental sheet-bulk metal forming is pre-sented.As an important part property,the damage evolution during the forming operations will be discussed to enable even lighter parts through a more reliable design.New methods for predicting and tailoring the mechanical properties like strength and residual stresses will be shown.The possibilities of system lightweight design with forming technologies are presented.A combination of additive manufacturing and forming to produce highly complex parts with integrated functions will be shown.The integration of functions by a hot extrusion process for the manufacturing of shape memory alloys is presented.An in-depth understanding of the newly developed processes,methodologies and effects allows for a more accurate dimen-sioning of components.This facilitates a reduction in the total mass and an increasing performance of vehicle components.展开更多
In the traditional mining technology,the coal resources trapped beneath surface buildings,railways,and water bodies cannot be mined massively,thereby causing the lower coal recovery and dynamic disasters.In order to s...In the traditional mining technology,the coal resources trapped beneath surface buildings,railways,and water bodies cannot be mined massively,thereby causing the lower coal recovery and dynamic disasters.In order to solve the aforementioned problems,the roadway backfilling mining technology is developed and the joint bearing mechanism of coal pillar and backfilling body is presented in this paper.The mechanical model of bearing system of coal pillar and backfilling body is established,by analyzing the basic characteristics of overlying strata deformation in roadway backfilling mining technology.According to the Ritz method in energy variation principle,the elastic solution expression of coal pillar deformation is deduced in roadway backfilling mining technology.Based on elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle,combining with the burgers rheological constitutive model and Laplace transform theory,the viscoelastic solution expression of coal pillar deformation is obtained in roadway backfilling mining technology.By analyzing the compressive mechanical property of backfilling body,the time formula required for coal pillar and backfilling body to play the joint bearing function in roadway backfilling mining technology is obtained.The example analysis indicates that the time is 140 days.The results can be treated as an important basis for theoretical research and process design in roadway backfilling mining technology.展开更多
This paper provides a review of the compact intense electron-beam accelerators (IEBAs) based on liquid pulse forming lines (PFLs) that havebeen developed at the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in Chin...This paper provides a review of the compact intense electron-beam accelerators (IEBAs) based on liquid pulse forming lines (PFLs) that havebeen developed at the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in China. The history and roadmap of the compact IEBAs used todrive high-power microwave (HPM) devices at NUDT are reviewed. The properties of both de-ionized water and glycerin as energy storagemedia are presented. Research into the breakdown properties of liquid dielectrics and the desire to maximize energy storage have resulted in theinvention of several coaxial PFLs with different electromagnetic structures, which are detailed in this paper. These high energy density liquidPFLs have been used to increase the performance of IEBA subsystems, based on which the SPARK (Single Pulse Accelerator with spark gaps)and HEART (High Energy-density Accelerator with Repetitive Transformer) series of IEBAs were constructed. This paper also discusses howthese compact IEBAs have been used to drive typical HPM devices and concludes by summarizing the associated achievements and theconclusions that can be drawn from the results.展开更多
To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio ...To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio (MSLR) is proposed for broadband beam-forming. This weighted method can be implemented by using the following steps. Firstly, optimize the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit by the second-order cone programming (SOCP), and obtain the optimized spatial spectrum with lower side lobe. Secondly, construct weighting factors based on the MSLR of the optimized spatial spectrums to from weight factors. Lastly, cumulate the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit via the weight statistical method of this paper. This method can restrain the disturbance of background noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and overcome the difficulty of traditional four-dimensional display. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both verify that this method can well enhance the spatial spectrum of line spectrum units, restrain the spatial spectrum of background noise units, and improve the performance of the broadband beam-forming.展开更多
To apply the multi-point forming technology to the field of tube processing,the process of multi-point forming for tube is studied.Numerical simulation for the process of multi-point forming for tube is achieved by us...To apply the multi-point forming technology to the field of tube processing,the process of multi-point forming for tube is studied.Numerical simulation for the process of multi-point forming for tube is achieved by using elastic-plastic FEM in ABAQUS.During simulation,reasonable coefficient of mass scaling and friction model of penalty function are used.The influence of several major technological parameters on the process is analyzed.When the tube diameter is 60 mm and the forming curvature radius is 1000 mm,the distortion rate of cross-section and the absolute forming error gradually decrease with the increasing of tube wall thickness;However,when the tube wall thickness is constant,the smaller the curvature radius,the larger the distortion rate of cross-section,but as to forming part,its absolute forming error becomes smaller.展开更多
Using parabolic maximum principle, we apply the analytic method to obtain lower comparison inequalities for non-negative weak supersolutions of the heat equation associated with a regular strongly p-local Dirichlet fo...Using parabolic maximum principle, we apply the analytic method to obtain lower comparison inequalities for non-negative weak supersolutions of the heat equation associated with a regular strongly p-local Dirichlet form on the abstract metric measure space. As an application we obtain lower estimates for heat kernels on some Riemannian manifolds.展开更多
Key step of exploiting a new type BMG (Bulk Metallic Glass) is quickly judging GFA (Glass Forming Ability) of the alloys. The mole melting heats of BMGs are calculated using the weighted averages principle. The reliab...Key step of exploiting a new type BMG (Bulk Metallic Glass) is quickly judging GFA (Glass Forming Ability) of the alloys. The mole melting heats of BMGs are calculated using the weighted averages principle. The reliability and limitation of Trg criterion for GFA are discussed. The reason why Trg of BMGs is larger than 0.5 is discussed. Two new criteria for GFA, ΔHmg and ΔGg, are proposed. GFA sequence of BMGs is calculated using the ΔHmg criterion, the result agrees with that of A. Inoue and the Rc criterion. Furthermore, as an example, the Rc of the alloys developed by Chuang DONG et al is calculated using the ΔHmg and ΔGg. The ascending sequence of these alloys calculated with the ΔHmg criterion agrees with that of Chuang DONG et al. On the contrary, the result by the ΔGg criterion is in contrary with Chuang DONG et al, indicating that the ΔHmg criterion is better and more convenient than the ΔGg criterion. Calculation showed that the optimum ΔHmg is -15.16 kJ/mol.展开更多
Rare earth resources are relatively scarce worldwide, but their global consumption is increasing year-by-year. At present, China has about 36% of the global rare earth reserves, but provides 90% of the world's supply...Rare earth resources are relatively scarce worldwide, but their global consumption is increasing year-by-year. At present, China has about 36% of the global rare earth reserves, but provides 90% of the world's supply, which has generally met world demand and promoted the development of the world economy. In order to continuously and stably supply rare earths to international markets, the Chinese Government has financially supported the Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources within the China Geological Survey to study the utilization of low-grade rare earth ores. Following many years of experimental research, the project has developed a new technology entitled "Flotation to Form Agglomerates and then Magnetic Separation", which will bring a technological revolution to the world's light rare earth ore dressing.展开更多
Curriculum has achieved a varied record of success in influencing health based practices and developing professional skills. Designing and implementing an effective radiologic technology educational program curriculum...Curriculum has achieved a varied record of success in influencing health based practices and developing professional skills. Designing and implementing an effective radiologic technology educational program curriculum requires a disciplined pedagogical approach where the instructor performs a thorough situational analysis, develops a theory based and pragmatic learning plan, and implements a course of study in accordance with the established educational guidelines and requirements. Diligent efforts are needed to enhance the relationship amongst curriculum developers and evaluators. The collection of information at the formative stage: followed by process evaluation to assess implementation as the curriculum progresses, and summative evaluation to assess impact is required for accreditation of program in the United States by the Joint Review Committee for Education in Radiologic Technology. Formative evaluation research is used to enhance effectiveness of the curriculum, guide development of teaching and learning strategies, and reveal promising and ineffective components of curriculum. This review of literature provides evidence as to what is considered to be the best practice in the program evaluation/accreditation process.展开更多
In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP's ...In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP's heat transfer capabilities were first analyzed, then copper powders with different cell sizes and dispersions were sintered in RXL-12-11 resistance furnace under the protection of the hydrogen at different sintering temperatures for different durations of sintering time, and finally the sintered wicks' scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and their heat transfer capabilities were analyzed. The results indicate that the wick sintered with copper powders of larger cell size or smaller size range has better sintering properties and larger heat transfer capabilities; and that the increase of either sintering temperatures or sintering time also helps to improve the wick's sintering properties and heat transfer capabilities, and the former affects more obviously than the latter. Considering both its manufacturing cost and performance requirements, it is recommended that copper powders with the size range of 140-170 μm are sintered at 900-950℃ for 30-60 min in practical manufacturing. In addition, two approaches to improve wick's porosity are also proposed through theoretical analysis, which suggests that the larger the wick's porosity, the better the heat transfer capabilities of the MHP.展开更多
It has been shown that the first principle of thermodynamics follows from the conservation laws for energy and linear momentum. And the second principle of thermodynamics follows from the first principle of thermodyna...It has been shown that the first principle of thermodynamics follows from the conservation laws for energy and linear momentum. And the second principle of thermodynamics follows from the first principle of thermodynamics under realization of the integrating factor (namely, temperature) and is a conservation law. The significance of the first principle of thermodynamics consists in the fact that it specifies the thermodynamic system state, which depends on interaction between conservation laws and is non-equilibrium due to a non-commutativity of conservation laws. The realization of the second principle of thermodynamics points to a transition of the thermodynamic system state into a locally-equilibrium state. Phase transitions are examples of such transitions.展开更多
This paper makes a tentative study of the politeness strategies stressed in the choice of address forms in Chinese,American and Japanese culture under the guidance of Politeness Principle by Brown and Levinson.Through...This paper makes a tentative study of the politeness strategies stressed in the choice of address forms in Chinese,American and Japanese culture under the guidance of Politeness Principle by Brown and Levinson.Through a comprehensive analysis,It is concluded that the major function of English address forms is to indicate solidarity and realize positive politeness,In contrast,both Chinese and Japanese address forms emphasize deference and help achieve negative politeness;It is the author's hope that a better understanding of these addressing rules in different cultures will benefit effective use of these languages and help avoid miscommunication in intercultural communication.展开更多
This paper introduces the development,compositions and characteristics of the domestic and foreign blowing-carding technique,discusses the technology of blowing-carding machines and the structures and functions of the...This paper introduces the development,compositions and characteristics of the domestic and foreign blowing-carding technique,discusses the technology of blowing-carding machines and the structures and functions of the main machines,analyses the production experiments of three types of blowing-carding flow lines in detail,and puts forward the effective measures to control the main quality index of blowing-carding sliver and the trend of blowing-carding technique development.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.51525503)
文摘In order to further improve the precision forming efficiency of a sand mold digital patternless casting and reduce the amount of sand mold cutting, a method for near-net forming of the sand mold with digital flexible extrusion technology was put forward. The theory, optimization algorithm and technology for sand mold nearnet forming were studied. Experimental results show that the sand mold forming efficiency can be increased by 34%, and the molding sand can be reduced by 44%. The method for near-net forming of a sand mold with digital flexible extrusion technology can effectively promote the application of digital patternless casting technology in the mass production of castings and thus greatly improves the efficiency and automation of sand mold manufacturing.
文摘Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.
文摘In recent years, a new type of gear named Logix gea r was developed. Actually, the tooth profile of this new type of gear is composed of lots of micro-segment involute curves, and on the profile, there exist lots of points, which their relative curvatures are equal to zero. This can result in the sliding coefficient smaller between two meshed Logix gears, and the mesh ch aracteristic becomes almost rolling transmission from sliding transmission accor dingly. So, this new type of gear has lots of advantages such as higher contact intensity, longer useful life and can easily realize power transfer of bigger tr ansmission ratio than standard involute gear. Study results showed that the cont act fatigue strength is 3 times larger, the bend fatigue strength is 2.5 times l arger, and the minimum tooth number can be decreased to 3, much smaller than tha t of standard involute gear. In this paper, following studies had been done: 1) The formation principle of Logix gear tooth profile was studied. The theoreti cal models describing the geometrical formations of this type of gear and its re lative Logix rack had been deduced. 2) While cutting a Logix gear, its tooth profile is decided by its normal tooth profile of Logix rack. Besides the basic parameters of standard involute gear, L ogix rack has its own specific parameters such as preliminary pressure angle, re lative pressure angle, and preliminary referential circle radius etc. So, the in fluence of connatural parameters of Logix rack on the tooth profile of Logix gea r had been farther studied. Reasonable selection for these parameters had been d iscussed. 3) Several kinds of transition curves for gear’s tooth profile had been introdu ced, its selection used by Logix gear had been described, and also its mathemati cal description model had been deduced. 4) The mesh theories of Logix gears had been developed. It had been proved that the transmission performance between Logix gears coincides with E-W theorem as that of ordinary standard involute gears. The formula calculating superposition coefficient was deduced according to its definition. Different from standard inv olute gears, the parameter of gear number has no effect on the superposition coe fficient of the Logix gears. Accordingly, bigger ratio transmission can be acqui red by means of decreasing the gear number, and its minimum gear number can be r eached to 3, much smaller than the minimum gear number of ordinary standard invo lute gear: 14~17. This is very important to realize the miniaturization of prod uction design. 5) The CAD special software was developed to design all kinds of Logix gears, an d a solid design example was offered. To sum up, by means of above study, the system info about Logix gear had been de veloped and enriched. This has most significant impact on its widely promotion a nd practical application, on the improvement of carrying capacity, miniaturizati on, and life of kinetic transmission products.
文摘Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and companies in China have published ethical guidelines and principles for AI,and have launched projects to develop AI governance technologies.This paper presents a survey of these efforts and highlights the preliminary outcomes in China.It also describes the major research challenges in AI governance research and discusses future research directions.
文摘In this paper,the application strategy of ultrasonic detection technology in the detection of concrete foundation piles is analyzed using a construction project as an example.It includes a basic overview of the project,an overview of ultrasonic testing technology in bridge concrete pile foundation testing,and an analysis of its practical application in the concrete pile foundation testing of this project.The objective of this analysis is to provide some reference for the application of ultrasonic testing technology and the improvement of the quality of bridge concrete pile foundation testing.
基金Open Access funding provided by Projekt DEAL.The authors thank the German Research Foundation(DFG)for the financial support of the ongoing projects:Collaborative Research Centre TRR 188“Damage Controlled Forming Processes”(Project number 278868966-TRR 188)Forming of additively manufactured sandwich sheets with optimized core structures(Project number 317137194)+5 种基金Process combination of single point incremental forming and laser powder deposition for the manufacturing of lightweight components(Project number 385276922)Joining by die-less hydroforming with outer pressurization(Project number 350070123)Process combination of combined deep drawing and cold forging(Project number 289596321)Kinematic profile bending with locally heated cross section(Project number 408302329)Product property controlled multi-stage hot sheet metal forming(Project number 424334660)TRR 73:Manufacturing of Complex Functional Components with Variants by Using a New Sheet Metal Forming Process-Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming(Project number 68237143).
文摘Lightweight design is one of the current key drivers to reduce the energy consumption of vehicles.Design methodologies for lightweight components,strategies utilizing materials with favorable specific properties and hybrid materials are used to increase the performance of parts for automotive applications.In this paper,various forming processes to produce light parts are described.Material lightweight design is discussed,covering the manufacturing processes to produce hybrid components like fiber-metal,polymer-metal and metal-metal composites,which can be used in subsequent deep drawing or combined forming processes.Approaches to increasing the specific strength and stiffness with thermomechanical forming processes as well as the in situ control of the microstructure of such components are presented.Structure lightweight design discusses possibilities to plastically form high-strength or high-performance materials like magnesium or titanium in sheet,profile and tube forming operations.To join those materials and/or dissimilar materials,new joining by forming technologies are shown.To economically produce lightweight parts with gears or functional elements,incremental sheet-bulk metal forming is pre-sented.As an important part property,the damage evolution during the forming operations will be discussed to enable even lighter parts through a more reliable design.New methods for predicting and tailoring the mechanical properties like strength and residual stresses will be shown.The possibilities of system lightweight design with forming technologies are presented.A combination of additive manufacturing and forming to produce highly complex parts with integrated functions will be shown.The integration of functions by a hot extrusion process for the manufacturing of shape memory alloys is presented.An in-depth understanding of the newly developed processes,methodologies and effects allows for a more accurate dimen-sioning of components.This facilitates a reduction in the total mass and an increasing performance of vehicle components.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51504081,51774110,51508166,U1404527)the Science and Technology Breakthrough Project by Henan Province(162102210221,162102310427)+1 种基金the Foundation for Higher Education Key Research Project by Henan Province(15A440013)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University(B2018-65,B2018-4,B2016-67).
文摘In the traditional mining technology,the coal resources trapped beneath surface buildings,railways,and water bodies cannot be mined massively,thereby causing the lower coal recovery and dynamic disasters.In order to solve the aforementioned problems,the roadway backfilling mining technology is developed and the joint bearing mechanism of coal pillar and backfilling body is presented in this paper.The mechanical model of bearing system of coal pillar and backfilling body is established,by analyzing the basic characteristics of overlying strata deformation in roadway backfilling mining technology.According to the Ritz method in energy variation principle,the elastic solution expression of coal pillar deformation is deduced in roadway backfilling mining technology.Based on elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle,combining with the burgers rheological constitutive model and Laplace transform theory,the viscoelastic solution expression of coal pillar deformation is obtained in roadway backfilling mining technology.By analyzing the compressive mechanical property of backfilling body,the time formula required for coal pillar and backfilling body to play the joint bearing function in roadway backfilling mining technology is obtained.The example analysis indicates that the time is 140 days.The results can be treated as an important basis for theoretical research and process design in roadway backfilling mining technology.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51677190the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2017JJ1005.
文摘This paper provides a review of the compact intense electron-beam accelerators (IEBAs) based on liquid pulse forming lines (PFLs) that havebeen developed at the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) in China. The history and roadmap of the compact IEBAs used todrive high-power microwave (HPM) devices at NUDT are reviewed. The properties of both de-ionized water and glycerin as energy storagemedia are presented. Research into the breakdown properties of liquid dielectrics and the desire to maximize energy storage have resulted in theinvention of several coaxial PFLs with different electromagnetic structures, which are detailed in this paper. These high energy density liquidPFLs have been used to increase the performance of IEBA subsystems, based on which the SPARK (Single Pulse Accelerator with spark gaps)and HEART (High Energy-density Accelerator with Repetitive Transformer) series of IEBAs were constructed. This paper also discusses howthese compact IEBAs have been used to drive typical HPM devices and concludes by summarizing the associated achievements and theconclusions that can be drawn from the results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372180)the National Key Scientific Instrument Equipment Development Project of China(Grant No.2013YQ140431)
文摘To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio (MSLR) is proposed for broadband beam-forming. This weighted method can be implemented by using the following steps. Firstly, optimize the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit by the second-order cone programming (SOCP), and obtain the optimized spatial spectrum with lower side lobe. Secondly, construct weighting factors based on the MSLR of the optimized spatial spectrums to from weight factors. Lastly, cumulate the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit via the weight statistical method of this paper. This method can restrain the disturbance of background noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and overcome the difficulty of traditional four-dimensional display. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both verify that this method can well enhance the spatial spectrum of line spectrum units, restrain the spatial spectrum of background noise units, and improve the performance of the broadband beam-forming.
基金Sponsored by the Specific Targeted Research Projects,the 6th Framework Project,EU(Grant No.AST5-CT-2006-030877)
文摘To apply the multi-point forming technology to the field of tube processing,the process of multi-point forming for tube is studied.Numerical simulation for the process of multi-point forming for tube is achieved by using elastic-plastic FEM in ABAQUS.During simulation,reasonable coefficient of mass scaling and friction model of penalty function are used.The influence of several major technological parameters on the process is analyzed.When the tube diameter is 60 mm and the forming curvature radius is 1000 mm,the distortion rate of cross-section and the absolute forming error gradually decrease with the increasing of tube wall thickness;However,when the tube wall thickness is constant,the smaller the curvature radius,the larger the distortion rate of cross-section,but as to forming part,its absolute forming error becomes smaller.
文摘Using parabolic maximum principle, we apply the analytic method to obtain lower comparison inequalities for non-negative weak supersolutions of the heat equation associated with a regular strongly p-local Dirichlet form on the abstract metric measure space. As an application we obtain lower estimates for heat kernels on some Riemannian manifolds.
文摘Key step of exploiting a new type BMG (Bulk Metallic Glass) is quickly judging GFA (Glass Forming Ability) of the alloys. The mole melting heats of BMGs are calculated using the weighted averages principle. The reliability and limitation of Trg criterion for GFA are discussed. The reason why Trg of BMGs is larger than 0.5 is discussed. Two new criteria for GFA, ΔHmg and ΔGg, are proposed. GFA sequence of BMGs is calculated using the ΔHmg criterion, the result agrees with that of A. Inoue and the Rc criterion. Furthermore, as an example, the Rc of the alloys developed by Chuang DONG et al is calculated using the ΔHmg and ΔGg. The ascending sequence of these alloys calculated with the ΔHmg criterion agrees with that of Chuang DONG et al. On the contrary, the result by the ΔGg criterion is in contrary with Chuang DONG et al, indicating that the ΔHmg criterion is better and more convenient than the ΔGg criterion. Calculation showed that the optimum ΔHmg is -15.16 kJ/mol.
文摘Rare earth resources are relatively scarce worldwide, but their global consumption is increasing year-by-year. At present, China has about 36% of the global rare earth reserves, but provides 90% of the world's supply, which has generally met world demand and promoted the development of the world economy. In order to continuously and stably supply rare earths to international markets, the Chinese Government has financially supported the Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources within the China Geological Survey to study the utilization of low-grade rare earth ores. Following many years of experimental research, the project has developed a new technology entitled "Flotation to Form Agglomerates and then Magnetic Separation", which will bring a technological revolution to the world's light rare earth ore dressing.
文摘Curriculum has achieved a varied record of success in influencing health based practices and developing professional skills. Designing and implementing an effective radiologic technology educational program curriculum requires a disciplined pedagogical approach where the instructor performs a thorough situational analysis, develops a theory based and pragmatic learning plan, and implements a course of study in accordance with the established educational guidelines and requirements. Diligent efforts are needed to enhance the relationship amongst curriculum developers and evaluators. The collection of information at the formative stage: followed by process evaluation to assess implementation as the curriculum progresses, and summative evaluation to assess impact is required for accreditation of program in the United States by the Joint Review Committee for Education in Radiologic Technology. Formative evaluation research is used to enhance effectiveness of the curriculum, guide development of teaching and learning strategies, and reveal promising and ineffective components of curriculum. This review of literature provides evidence as to what is considered to be the best practice in the program evaluation/accreditation process.
基金Key Project(50436010, U0834002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(50675070, 50705031) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(8151064101000058) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(E200909) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China
文摘In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP's heat transfer capabilities were first analyzed, then copper powders with different cell sizes and dispersions were sintered in RXL-12-11 resistance furnace under the protection of the hydrogen at different sintering temperatures for different durations of sintering time, and finally the sintered wicks' scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and their heat transfer capabilities were analyzed. The results indicate that the wick sintered with copper powders of larger cell size or smaller size range has better sintering properties and larger heat transfer capabilities; and that the increase of either sintering temperatures or sintering time also helps to improve the wick's sintering properties and heat transfer capabilities, and the former affects more obviously than the latter. Considering both its manufacturing cost and performance requirements, it is recommended that copper powders with the size range of 140-170 μm are sintered at 900-950℃ for 30-60 min in practical manufacturing. In addition, two approaches to improve wick's porosity are also proposed through theoretical analysis, which suggests that the larger the wick's porosity, the better the heat transfer capabilities of the MHP.
文摘It has been shown that the first principle of thermodynamics follows from the conservation laws for energy and linear momentum. And the second principle of thermodynamics follows from the first principle of thermodynamics under realization of the integrating factor (namely, temperature) and is a conservation law. The significance of the first principle of thermodynamics consists in the fact that it specifies the thermodynamic system state, which depends on interaction between conservation laws and is non-equilibrium due to a non-commutativity of conservation laws. The realization of the second principle of thermodynamics points to a transition of the thermodynamic system state into a locally-equilibrium state. Phase transitions are examples of such transitions.
文摘This paper makes a tentative study of the politeness strategies stressed in the choice of address forms in Chinese,American and Japanese culture under the guidance of Politeness Principle by Brown and Levinson.Through a comprehensive analysis,It is concluded that the major function of English address forms is to indicate solidarity and realize positive politeness,In contrast,both Chinese and Japanese address forms emphasize deference and help achieve negative politeness;It is the author's hope that a better understanding of these addressing rules in different cultures will benefit effective use of these languages and help avoid miscommunication in intercultural communication.
文摘This paper introduces the development,compositions and characteristics of the domestic and foreign blowing-carding technique,discusses the technology of blowing-carding machines and the structures and functions of the main machines,analyses the production experiments of three types of blowing-carding flow lines in detail,and puts forward the effective measures to control the main quality index of blowing-carding sliver and the trend of blowing-carding technique development.