Nitrogen(N),phosphate(P),and potassium(K)are the three most important nutrients applied into agricultural soils,but the impacts of their single or combined application on soil fungal community structure and stability ...Nitrogen(N),phosphate(P),and potassium(K)are the three most important nutrients applied into agricultural soils,but the impacts of their single or combined application on soil fungal community structure and stability are still open questions.Using qPCR and Illumina Miseq sequencing,the variation of soil fungal communities in response to long-term addition of N,P,or K fertilization alone and their combinations in a Mollisol field was investigated in this study.In addition,the fungal community resistance indices and network structure were studied.Results showed that N fertilizations(N,NK,NP and NPK treatments)rather than P,K fertilizations(P,K and PK treatments)significantly increased fungal abundance,but decreased fungal diversity and shifted fungal community structures when compared to non-fertilization(NoF).Additionally,N fertilization treatments presented lower resistance of fungal communities to environment disturbances than those of P,K fertilization treatments.More numbers and higher abundances of changed fungal taxa at the genus and OTU levels were induced by N fertilizations rather than by addition of P,K fertilizers.In addition,N fertilizations induced a more changeable fungal network and complex pathogenic subnetwork with many positive interactions among responding plant pathogens(RP,the changeable plant pathogens induced by fertilizers addition compared to NoF)when compared to P,K fertilizations.These RP directly and negatively influenced fungal community resistance examined by structural equation modeling(SEM),which were indirectly detrimental to soybean yields.Our findings revealed that addition of N fertilizers significantly disturbed fungal communities and promoted pathogenic interactions,and provided insights into the optimization of fertilization strategies toward agricultural sustainability.展开更多
为了探讨露地西兰花的NPK合理施用量,提出科学的施肥配比。在宁夏引黄灌区通过田间试验研究了不同NPK供应水平对露地西兰花产量和地上部NPK吸收累积的影响,并评价了其肥料效率。结果表明:施用N、P肥对西兰花有显著增产作用,而施K处理间...为了探讨露地西兰花的NPK合理施用量,提出科学的施肥配比。在宁夏引黄灌区通过田间试验研究了不同NPK供应水平对露地西兰花产量和地上部NPK吸收累积的影响,并评价了其肥料效率。结果表明:施用N、P肥对西兰花有显著增产作用,而施K处理间无显著差异。相对于N0和P0处理,增施N、P肥可分别提高23.6%～36.2%和7.6%～11.5%的经济产量。适当增施NPK肥能显著提高西兰花的地上部NPK养分累积。西兰花的肥料利用率、农学效率和偏生产力都随施肥量增加而降低。每施用1 kg N、1 kg P_2O_5、1 kg K2O分别可生产50.9～184.7、89.3～369.1、53.9～220.2 kg西兰花经济产量,其随施肥量增加呈显著降低趋势。西兰花经济产量与施N量(R2=0.886)、施P量(R2=0.906)和施K量(R2=0.794)都呈二次曲线关系。综合考虑蔬菜产量、养分累积和肥料效率,建议宁夏引黄灌区露地西兰花的施肥量分别为N 189.8～200.0 kg/hm^2、P_2O_579.8～86.8 kg/hm^2和K2O 80.2～112.5 kg/hm^2,其施肥配比为1:0.42～0.43:0.42～0.56。展开更多
基金This study was financially supported from the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28020201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41907035)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2018009).
文摘Nitrogen(N),phosphate(P),and potassium(K)are the three most important nutrients applied into agricultural soils,but the impacts of their single or combined application on soil fungal community structure and stability are still open questions.Using qPCR and Illumina Miseq sequencing,the variation of soil fungal communities in response to long-term addition of N,P,or K fertilization alone and their combinations in a Mollisol field was investigated in this study.In addition,the fungal community resistance indices and network structure were studied.Results showed that N fertilizations(N,NK,NP and NPK treatments)rather than P,K fertilizations(P,K and PK treatments)significantly increased fungal abundance,but decreased fungal diversity and shifted fungal community structures when compared to non-fertilization(NoF).Additionally,N fertilization treatments presented lower resistance of fungal communities to environment disturbances than those of P,K fertilization treatments.More numbers and higher abundances of changed fungal taxa at the genus and OTU levels were induced by N fertilizations rather than by addition of P,K fertilizers.In addition,N fertilizations induced a more changeable fungal network and complex pathogenic subnetwork with many positive interactions among responding plant pathogens(RP,the changeable plant pathogens induced by fertilizers addition compared to NoF)when compared to P,K fertilizations.These RP directly and negatively influenced fungal community resistance examined by structural equation modeling(SEM),which were indirectly detrimental to soybean yields.Our findings revealed that addition of N fertilizers significantly disturbed fungal communities and promoted pathogenic interactions,and provided insights into the optimization of fertilization strategies toward agricultural sustainability.
文摘为了探讨露地西兰花的NPK合理施用量,提出科学的施肥配比。在宁夏引黄灌区通过田间试验研究了不同NPK供应水平对露地西兰花产量和地上部NPK吸收累积的影响,并评价了其肥料效率。结果表明:施用N、P肥对西兰花有显著增产作用,而施K处理间无显著差异。相对于N0和P0处理,增施N、P肥可分别提高23.6%～36.2%和7.6%～11.5%的经济产量。适当增施NPK肥能显著提高西兰花的地上部NPK养分累积。西兰花的肥料利用率、农学效率和偏生产力都随施肥量增加而降低。每施用1 kg N、1 kg P_2O_5、1 kg K2O分别可生产50.9～184.7、89.3～369.1、53.9～220.2 kg西兰花经济产量,其随施肥量增加呈显著降低趋势。西兰花经济产量与施N量(R2=0.886)、施P量(R2=0.906)和施K量(R2=0.794)都呈二次曲线关系。综合考虑蔬菜产量、养分累积和肥料效率,建议宁夏引黄灌区露地西兰花的施肥量分别为N 189.8～200.0 kg/hm^2、P_2O_579.8～86.8 kg/hm^2和K2O 80.2～112.5 kg/hm^2,其施肥配比为1:0.42～0.43:0.42～0.56。
