Application and Development Trends of Spectral Analysis in Draft of Non-Ferrous Metal Standards in China

Spectral analysis was a method of identifying substances, determining their chemical composition and calculating their content based on their spectral characteristics. This paper mainly discussed the application of various spectroscopic techniques, mainly including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) direct reading spectroscopy (OES) glow discharge emission spectroscopy (GD-OSE) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in the formulation of non-ferrous metal standards in China. The AAS method was the most widely used single-element microanalysis method among the non-ferrous metal standards. The ICP-AES method was good at significant advantages in the simultaneous detection of multiple elements. The XRF method was increasingly used in the determination of primary and secondary trace elements due to its simple sample preparation and high efficiency. The AFS was mostly detected by single-element trace analysis. OES GD-OES and LIBS were playing an increasingly important role in the new demand area for non-ferrous metals. This paper discussed matrix elimination, sample digestion, sample preparation, instrument categories and other aspects of some standards, and summarized the advantages of spectral analysis and traditional chemical analysis methods. The new methods of future spectroscopic technology had been illustrated in the process of developing non-ferrous metal standards.

Optimised Design and Analysis of Solar Water Pumping Systems for Pakistani Conditions

This paper is about the optimized design and analysis of two solar water pumping systems in which one of the systems is designed with a battery bank and other with a cylindrical water tank for a selected site in Pakistan. The design, sizing, cost analysis and steady state analysis of the proposed systems were done in HOMER and dynamic analysis of the designed system with battery bank was performed in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulations performed in HOMER involved proper mapping of the loads which helped to evaluate the PV panel requirement, inverter rating, batteries (in case of battery based solution), modeling of water tank as a deferrable load (in case of solution based of water tank) and detailed cost analysis for a life time of 25 years. To verify the design of the solar water pumping system with battery bank, a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink for study of dynamic behavior of the overall system was performed which involved mathematical modeling of a PV panel, buckboost converter, inverter, battery bank and motor/pump, a perturb and observe maximum power point tracking algorithm based control system. Analysis was conducted based on the economic results that indicate designed solar water pumping system with water tank would be a cheaper solution as compared to solar water pumping system with a battery bank. This work can be taken as a case study for the understanding and optimized designs of solar water pumping system with battery bank and with cylindrical tank in Pakistani conditions.

A review of dynamic analysis on space solar power station

The concept of a space solar power station(SSPS)was proposed in 1968 as a potential approach for solving the energy crisis.In the past 50 years,several structural concepts have been proposed,but none have been sent into orbit.One of the main challenges of the SSPS is dynamic behavior prediction,which can supply the necessary information for control strategy design.The ultra-large size of the SSPS causes difficulties in its dynamic analysis,such as the ultra-low vibration frequency and large fexibility.In this paper,four approaches for the numerical analysis of the dynamic problems associated with the SSPS are reviewed:the finite element,absolute nodal coordinate,foating frame formulation,and structure-preserving methods.Both the merits and shortcomings of the above four approaches are introduced when they are employed in dynamic problems associated with the SSPS.Synthesizing the merits of the aforementioned four approaches,we believe that embedding the structure-preserving method into finite element software may be an effective way to perform a numerical analysis of the dynamic problems associated with the SSPS.

Poroelastic solid flow with double point material point method

This paper presents the numerical modelling of one and two-dimensional poroelastic solid flows,using the material point method with double point formulation.The double point formulation offers the convenience of allowing for transitions in the flow conditions of the liquid,between free surface flow and groundwater flow.The numerical model is validated by comparing the solid flow velocity with the analytical solution.The influence of the Young＇s modulus on the solid flow velocity is discussed for both one and two-dimensional analysis cases.The effect of the shape of the two-dimensional solid is investigated.It is shown that the solid stiffness has an effect on the poroelastic flow velocity,due to swelling and bending for the one and two-dimensional cases,respectively.The shape is found to be an important factor on the flow velocity of the poroelastic solid.