Research on the Path of Further Deepening the Reform and Internationalization of English Education in the Hainan Free Trade Zone

With the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Zone(FTZ),the internationalization of English education has become a key element of the region’s educational reform efforts.As globalization intensifies,fostering an internationalized English education system is crucial for improving the competitiveness and global positioning of the Hainan FTZ.This study explores the multiple pathways and strategies for promoting the internationalization of English education in the Hainan FTZ,focusing on aspects such as policy support,curriculum reform,teacher training,international collaboration,and the effective allocation of educational resources.By examining the current state of English education in the region,identifying key challenges,and drawing insights from successful domestic and international cases-particularly from free trade zones elsewhere-this paper offers actionable recommendations.These suggestions aim to enhance the region’s educational outcomes,thereby bolstering the Hainan FTZ’s broader objectives of economic growth and enhanced global connectivity.The proposed strategies also seek to elevate the international stature of the Hainan FTZ as a regional hub for talent development,international exchange,and soft power enhancement.

Who Governs Public Health？ Donor Retreat and the Shifting Spheres of Influence in Southern African HIV/AIDS Policy Making

For the last decade, discussions about who governs policy on prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS have revolved around the controversial relationship between Western donors and the power they have over their recipient governments. While these debates were once politically germane, recent trends show a decline of donor funding, as well as an increase of financial ownership of the epidemic within Southern Africa. Commensurate with this shifting financial influence, some well-governed, wealthy African states are beginning to deviate from global M＆E （monitoring and evaluation） indicators. These policy movements, away from global M＆E indicators, also correlate with increases in HIV prevalence, which signals the need for further investigation into policy efficacy.

The Process of Policy Implementation： The Policy of HIV/AIDS Prevention in Youth Groups in Thailand

Thailand was implementing the policy of HIV/A1DS prevention in risky group, The youth is one of groups with sexual risk behaviors to HIV/AIDS. This research aims to elucidate the process of policy implementation at the national and regional levels, and to explain the obstacles of policy implementation. The method was qualitative study. The stakeholders were 88 people. The data were collected by in-depth interview and coded by a computer program. The policy was transferred from the national AIDS committee to the Department of Disease Control （DDC） and provincial level. This process was lacking budget support. The provincial AIDS committee was monitored by the provincial health office, cooperating with the central level. The major role was to transfer the policy to the school, Local Administration Organization （LAO） and associated organization. The activity was funded by provincial, global funds, and outside sources. In the community, the core activities were AIDS knowledge, establishing core youth groups, and building the network of AIDS. The obstacle at the national level was changing the policy process from one with a budget to one without budget. In the area of practice, the AIDS problem and the effects of the risk behavior in youth groups were slightly concerned.

Impact of openness, economic policy reform and regional shocks on trade and growth of Thailand： An econometric study

Thailand has currently enhanced and promoted intensive trade and investment liberalization and implemented long-term growth policy according with current regional economic integration, WTO obligations and globalization. Nevertheless, several recent internal and external factors e.g. the massive SARS and avian flu outbreaks, the Indian Ocean tsunami devastation, the Asia financial crisis and domestic policy reforms （ICSEAD, 2006） have also impeded this policy. While the issues are important for Thailand and developing countries in Asia, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate them. The paper conducts a substantive quantitative study to contribute to these trade and development policy issues. A new econometric modelling policy method, namely the generalized gravity theory （Tran Van Hoa, 2004） is used to develop a simple flexible simultaneous-equation econometric model of Thailand＇s openness model with its seven major trade partners （ASEAN-4, Australia, the USA, the EU, China, Japan and India）. Using data from the ICSEAD, the World Development Indicators and the Bank of Thailand databases, the paper reveals efficient and reliable empirical findings on trade-growth causality, trade determination including the impact of shocks and policy reform on trade and growth between Thailand and its major trade partners over the past two decades. The paper also provides evidence on the linkages between trade in goods, FDI and services and regional economic integration for more credible policy implications.

An Evaluation Synthesis of US AIDS Drug Assistance Program Policy

US Congress passed the CARE Act in 1990 in response to a dramatically growing need for resources to combat the AIDS epidemic. One of the programs contained in the Act was the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP), a federally-funded but state-maintained and managed program primarily concerned with providing medication for low-income HIV/AIDS patients. While ADAP programs across the country reached one-third of all patients in 2007, these programs are now in budgetary danger due to the economic recession, state budgetary constraints, the rising cost of healthcare generally, and longer life expectancies associated with current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This paper first evaluates the current state of ADAP, its strengths and weaknesses, and examines its sustainability in the short term if short-term measures are taken. Concluding that such measures would not lead to long-term sustainability, this paper then argues for a long-term solution to ADAP’s current problems, namely a national, centralized ADAP standard for budgetary and administrative matters. Such a program would increase the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of current ADAP programs by employing more efficient, standard policies and allowing larger, wholesale purchases of costly HAART medications. Moreover, a national policy would address the disparity that currently exists in ADAP programs today with regard to both minorities and those on the waiting lists for treatment. The institution of a national ADAP program would certainly face many political hurdles. Consequently, this paper also looks to a recent political dispute, the enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), for guidance. Using the passage of the ACA as an example could light the path for passage of a national ADAP standard. Ultimately, this would lead to a more effective and sustainable program for HIV/AIDS patients in the United States.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Residents'Satisfaction with Pairing Aid Policy in Xinjiang:Based on the Data from Three Prefectures in Southern Xinjiang

This article concentrates on evaluating residents'satisfaction with the implementation of the pairing aid policy in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.It introduces the key factors influencing the evaluation of residents'satisfaction with the performance of the pairing aid policy in Xinjiang by investigating the related data acquired from 12 field studies.It builds a binary logistic regression model via modern econometrics theory and utilizes the regression model to conduct the empirical analysis of influencing factors.The results reveal that there is no variation between the residents'education level,ethnicity,location,and satisfaction with the work of village cadres on the residents'evaluation of the implementation effect of the pairing aid policy in Xinjiang.Besides,ten variables such as residents'gender,age,revenue,occupation,whether they are rural residents,and satisfaction level(pairing aid policy in Xinjiang,state subsidy policy,medical improvement,education improvement,housing condition improvement)are steady and significant factors affecting residents'satisfaction with the implementation effect of pairing aid policy in Xinjiang.Finally,based on the analysis and findigns,it proposes corresponding countermeasures.

Agricultural Sector and HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Africa: The Economic Retrogression Model

Objective: Agricultural activities in most African countries demand human labour, the supply of labour to agriculture may be threatened if humans could no longer farm because of HIV/AIDS pandemic. Past studies have identified the alarming situation and challenges the spread of HIV/AIDS endemic poses to human existence and agricultural growth. Examining these interactions, and their direction, is useful for informing policy directives. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to examine interactions between HIV/AIDS pandemic and agricultural growth in Africa using a model of retrogression. Methods: Twenty countries in Africa identified as HIV/AIDS ravaged countries were taken as the areas of study. These countries are spread over four zones of the Northern Africa, the Eastern, the Southern and the Sub-Saharan Africa. A combination of analytical tools was employed to meet the study objectives. Results: The results revealed that long run economic cost of HIV/AIDS had a statistical positive significant relationship with agricultural/economic growth. The results suggest that there is a curvilinear relationship between the course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and agricultural/economic growth in terms of human capita development. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS pandemic interactions and agricultural growth have demonstrated that a more balanced approach is necessary for effective policy.

Experiences and Prospects of China＇s Free Economic Zones after over 20 Years

Chinese FEZs are used as the tool for opening-up policy and the structural reform as well as the growth pole for the regional economic development. It is true that no Free Economic Zones （FEZs） in the world like in China have made so strong impact on national economic development and structural reform. Due to the change of their existing condition since the middle of 1990s, Chinese FEZs have to face the new challenges and problems. This study discusses and prospects the transformation and further development of Chinese FEZs in the 21^st century as well as their significance for the transformation of FEZs in other countries based on the analysis of the indicators such as the role, policy, industrial sectors, administration, development model, spatial structure and location.

以银发经济推进农村互助养老发展的政策支持研究——以J省X市颐养之家为例

我国首部“银发经济”政策文件出台,为农村互助养老模式提供了“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的实践场域。通过对具有全国性影响的J省X市颐养之家的典型案例分析发现,当前农村互助养老模式的主要政策目标是为有需要的农村留守、独居及困难老年人提供基本生活保障的兜底型养老。在银发经济“产品化-商品化-产业化”阶段性发展的大趋势下,农村互助养老还可以是普惠式养老,更应该是高质量的积极养老。针对农村互助养老模式在政策执行中分配基础、分配内容、输送策略、筹资机制等方面存在的不足,建议将发挥有效市场作用与有为政府作用更好结合,进一步完善优化政策支持,纳入“一老一小”,扩展受益对象;引进商品化竞争机制,丰富服务供给;推动多主体跨部门合作,形成网状输送;划定红线并链接资源,发展团结经济,着力推动农村互助养老高质量发展。

货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的影响研究

基于2010—2020年我国A股上市公司的相关数据,对货币政策与企业劳动投资效率之间的关系进行探讨。研究发现,在货币政策紧缩时,企业劳动投资效率会有明显的提高,会计稳健性的提高以及自由现金流量的减少是紧缩性货币政策影响企业劳动投资效率的主要作用机制。进一步研究发现,高质量的公司治理水平会抑制紧缩性货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的影响。非效率劳动投资分组检验结果表明,紧缩性货币政策对企业劳动投资效率的促进效应,更多地表现为抑制劳动投资过度。

潜在空间中的策略搜索强化学习方法

策略搜索是深度强化学习领域中一种能够解决大规模连续状态空间和动作空间问题的高效学习方法,被广泛应用在现实问题中。然而,此类方法通常需要花费大量的学习样本和训练时间,且泛化能力较差,学到的策略模型难以泛化至环境中看似微小的变化。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于潜在空间的策略搜索强化学习方法。将学习状态表示的思想拓展到动作表示上,即在动作表示的潜在空间中学习策略,再将动作表示映射到真实动作空间中。通过表示学习模型的引入,摒弃端到端的训练方式,将整个强化学习任务划分成大规模的表示模型部分和小规模的策略模型部分,使用无监督的学习方法来学习表示模型,使用策略搜索强化学习方法学习小规模的策略模型。大规模的表示模型能保留应有的泛化性和表达能力,小规模的策略模型有助于减轻策略学习的负担,从而在一定程度上缓解深度强化学习领域中样本利用率低、学习效率低和动作选择泛化性弱的问题。最后,在智能控制任务CarRacing和Cheetah中验证了引入潜在空间中的状态表示和动作表示的有效性。

中国特色自由贸易港产业布局政策法治化研究

中国特色自贸港建设凸显了政府意志,其产业布局政策应从经济规律、政策工具、法治保障的三维视角进行分析,并从中央视域下全国自贸港的总体布局与自贸港视域下产业园区再布局的二重结构作进一步透视,在此基础上借鉴域外经验,探索中国特色自贸港产业布局政策的法治化道路。当前,中国特色自贸港产业布局政策存在中央层面缺乏统一立法、地方层面文件层级较低且不完善等问题,建议由全国人大或其常委会制定《自由贸易港产业布局法》,将中央与地方关于自贸港设立、运行等的博弈引入法治轨道,再由海南省人大或其常委会制定《海南自由贸易港产业园区管理条例》,建立自贸港产业园区的设立、调整及责任追究等具体制度。

离岛免税政策是否促进了旅游业发展?——基于政策历史演进的视角

文章厘清了海南离岛免税政策历次调整的内容差异,再基于2010—2020年海南省18个城市的月度数据,实证检验了离岛免税政策对城市接待旅游人数的影响。结果表明,离岛免税政策的前四次及第七次调整对城市接待旅游人数具有显著的正向影响。而在试点初期、第五次及第六次调整,离岛免税政策对城市接待旅游人数具有不显著或负向的影响。进一步分析发现,比起免税品种,免税金额的开放更能促进城市接待旅游人数增长。此外,离岛免税政策对国际旅客的影响要强于国内旅客,先行城市接待旅游人数受离岛免税政策激励的作用会大于其他城市。长期来看,离岛免税店的设立对城市接待旅游人数具有负向影响。上述结论为海南离岛免税政策的未来调整方向及旅游业的发展提供了一些新的启示。

重大节假日出行方式选择模型研究

为优化节假日高速公路免费政策,选取出行者变量、出行方式相关变量和行程特性变量作为效用变量,构建了出行方式位于上层、出行距离位于下层的NL模型。利用弧弹性法分析不同收费标准和收费里程条件下出行者的行为特性,并利用场景仿真评价多种收费组合对出行方式的影响。研究结果表明:提高收费标准,汽车出行比例会显著降低,且高速铁路承担了大部分的转移交通量。随着收费里程的增加,出行者逐渐倾向于出行成本较小的普通铁路。对长距离出行收费可以提升公共交通分担率,缓解节假日高速公路的交通拥堵。

“组团式”教育援藏政策执行的制约因素与调适策略

“组团式”教育援藏政策执行是将促进西藏教育内涵式发展的政策目标转化为现实效果的唯一途径。但执行过程出现选择式、替换式和停滞式等执行偏差问题。基于政策执行影响因素分析模型,发现政策问题的复杂性、政策文件的规制能力、政策执行主体的行动和政策环境等因素综合作用于执行过程。因此,明晰政策问题的可处理程度、提升政策文件的规制能力、提高政策执行力、善于利用政策环境的积极因素是推进政策有效执行的基本调适策略。

改革开放以来教育援疆政策的历史演变——基于历史制度主义视角

教育援疆政策是实现中央治疆方略和推进新疆社会稳定的重要举措。基于历史制度主义视角检视我国改革开放以来教育援疆政策的历史演变,可以发现:改革开放40多年以来,教育援疆政策的演变脉络大体分为探索期、发展期、蓬勃期三大阶段;政策嬗变路径呈现从“依赖——突破”的特征;在动力机制上,政策自我学习机制、外界经验的示范效应、多元行动者的博弈的动力机制推动教育援疆政策的延续与改革。展望未来,教育援疆政策应加强顶层设计,完善教育援疆政策体系;体现价值多元,优化教育援疆的政策导向;协同共治,形成教育援疆的政策新合力。

基于区块链免密钥托管的可追踪可撤销属性基加密方案

针对密文策略属性基加密(CP-ABE)方案难以高效地同时满足免密钥托管、策略隐藏、用户追踪和撤销问题,提出一种基于区块链免密钥托管的可追踪可撤销属性基加密方案(BETRABE)。首先,区块链网络中的节点为属性机构,用户只需与区块链网络通过公开信道进行少量通信即可获得解密密钥;其次,融合公钥加密对区块链中存储的用户解密密钥进行加密,用户本地只需存储公钥加密的公私钥;另外,追踪系统中泄露密钥的恶意用户,通过将该用户加入撤销列表和云服务器对密文更新实现恶意用户撤销。此外,使用单向匿名密钥协商协议实现密文访问策略全隐藏,进而更好地保护存储在云服务器上密文的隐私性。基于l-SDH(l-Strong Diffie-Hellman)假设在标准模型下进行安全性验证。实验结果表明,BETRABE极大地减少了密钥生成阶段的通信成本和用户的密钥存储开销,加密和解密时间随着用户属性数增加线性增长,且相较于其他方案拥有较高的解密效率。

免费义务教育是否缩小了城乡人力资本积累差异

文章基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据库,采用免费义务教育这一外生政策变量,利用双重差分法探索免费义务教育在城乡人力资本中的差异性作用。研究发现:免费义务教育政策可以显著缩小城乡个体的受教育年限、认知能力和健康等方面的差距,但无法缩小城乡个体非认知能力差距。该结论经过多项检验后依然成立。异质性分析结果表明,该政策在中社会地位家庭和中部地区取得的效果最佳。

农村互助养老统筹发展策略研究

农村养老已成为我国应对养老挑战的重点和难点所在。互助养老为我国农村提供了低成本、高质量的养老模式。乡村振兴战略的实施为农村互助养老的发展提供了重要契机。结合产业振兴,增加农村互助养老人力资源和经济资源;结合人才振兴,加强农村互助养老服务队伍建设;结合文化振兴,积极推进农村互助养老价值共识;结合生态振兴,促进城乡互助养老模式发展;结合组织振兴,筑牢农村互助养老根基。

日本三大教育无偿化改革的背景、过程与动因

近年来日本陆续实施了涵盖学前教育、高中教育和高等教育的无偿化改革。结合日本国会议事录分析了日本三大教育无偿化改革的决策过程,并对日本三大教育无偿化改革的政策内容和政策动因进行了比较分析,发现日本高中教育无偿化是对已达到准义务教育性质的高中阶段教育实施的学费减免,侧重于保障学生受教育机会公平;学前教育无偿化是社会保障理念与教育公平理念的结合,重点是为了应对少子化,减轻育儿负担;而高等教育无偿化改革实际上只是前两者的陪衬,其制度内核缺少普惠性特征。少子化问题引发了日本实施无偿化教育的现实需要,政治理念的变化决定了三大无偿化改革的顺序和措施,而财政经费再分配的纠葛限制了无偿化改革的效果。为使无偿化政策效益最大化,如何逐步扩大无偿化的覆盖内容和如何确定无偿化的适用对象,也始终是政策论争的焦点问题。