目的论视角下文化负载词英译研究——以纪录片Seasons of China为例

在当今世界文化交流愈发频繁的背景下,推动中华文明走向世界成为重中之重。翻译作为推动跨文化交流的重要手段之一,是连接不同文化的桥梁。而文化负载词由于其涵盖的大量民族特色词汇,成为翻译过程中的挑战,同时也是文化传播的重要工具。文章基于目的论视角,以纪录片Seasons of China中的中文文化负载词英译为例,探讨译者在翻译过程中采取的恰当翻译方法,以期为纪录片的文化负载词翻译研究提供一定的借鉴与参考。

Key Techniques of an Ecological Pattern“Planting Rice in One Season and Breeding Red Swamp Crawfish in Three Seasons” for Green Production in Lixiahe Region of Jiangsu Province

Three big field projects, independent irrigation and drainage facilities, and a blocking net, which are auxiliary projects of a green planting and breeding pattern composed of rice and red swamp crawfish （Procambarus clarkii）, spatial and temporal coupling technology of ＂planting rice in one season and breeding red swamp crawfish in three seasons＂, green fertilization technology, green prevention and control technology, control technology of water level, and throwing technology of bait in Lixiahe region of Jiangsu Province were introduced successively, which can provide technical support for the development of ecological planting and breeding patterns and realization of green production in paddy fields.

Differences of Polyphenols Content in Anxi TieGuanYin Tea among Different Seasons and Relationship between Polyphenols and Tea Quality

[Objective] We aimed to investigate the differences of polyphenols content in Anxi Tieguanyin tea among different seasons and relationship between polyphenols and tea quality.[Method] The content of total polyphenols and main phenolic compounds was analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC and the sensory quality assessment was carried out.[Result] There were significant differences in the content of polyphenols in Anxi Tieguanyin tea among different seasons.The summer tea had a higher content of polyphenols and ester type catechins and a heavier undesirable taste with more bitterness and astringency than spring tea and autumn tea with lower quality in general.The flavonol content of spring and autumn tea was significantly higher and the color of tea soup was better.[Conclusion] This study provided a basis for the quality improvement of summer tea by regulating the content of total polyphenols and provided a basic data for chemical analysis of Oolong tea.

基于学科素养的英语诗歌教学实践--以Seasons of the year为例

英语诗歌是中学生需要接触的文本体裁之一。在日常英语教学中,教师要用好诗歌这一阅读素材,要依托诗歌文本,丰富学生的语言知识,培养语言技能;要引领学生赏析诗歌内涵,开发想象空间,提升思维品质;要适当链接中文诗歌,让学生体验诗歌意境,感受文化异同;要辅以课外诗歌,让学生内化课内感悟,提升学习能力。

Genetic Analysis on Plant Height in Rice in Different Growing Seasons

[Objective] The aim was to carry out the genetic analysis on plant height of rice（Oryza sativa L.）cultivated in different seasons.[Method] Three rice parents with great difference in plant height including CB1（83.1 cm）,CB4（105.5 cm）and CB7（115.6 cm）were chosen to construct two parental combinations：CB1×CB4 and CB7×CB4,and the corresponding filial generations P1,F1,P2,B1,B2 and F2 were obtained.The 6 populations were planted in middle and late seasons respectively to measure their height traits.The Akaike＇s information criterion（AIC）of the mixed major gene and polygene model was used to indentify the existence of major genes affecting quantitative traits in B1,B2,F2 populations.When the major genes existed,the genetic effects of the major genes and polygenes and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis.[Result] One additive major gene plus additive-dominance polygenes was the most fitted genetic model for the trait in all B1,B2,F2 populations in two planting seasons.The heritability values of the major genes varied from 38.63% to 78.53% and those of polygenes varied from 1.72% to 36.04%,and the total heritability values were 45.52-92.93%.The additive effect d value of the two genetic populations under two planting seasons was-4.56,-9.16,-7.19,and-9.38,respectively,as suggested that additive effect of the major genes would decrease the express of the plant height trait.[Conclusion] The heritability of plant height trait was affected by planting seasons and the combinations clearly as a whole.

Precipitation Changes in Wet and Dry Seasons over the 20th Century Simulated by Two Versions of the FGOALS Model

Seasonal precipitation changes over the globe during the 20th century simulated by two versions of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System （FGOALS） model are assessed. The two model versions differ in terms of their AGCM component, but the remaining parts of the system are almost identical. Both models reasonably reproduce the mean-state features of the timings of the wet and dry seasons and related precipitation amounts, with pattern correlation coefficients of 0.65-0.84 with observations. Globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are analyzed. The results show that wet sea- sons get wetter and the annual range （precipitation difference between wet and dry seasons） increases during the 20th century in the two models, with positive trends covering most parts of the globe, which is consistent with observations. However, both models show a moistening dry season, which is opposite to observations. Analysis of the globally averaged moisture budget in the historical climate simulations of the two models shows little change in the horizontal moisture advection in both the wet and dry seasons. The globally averaged seasonal precipitation changes are mainly dominated by the changes in evaporation and vertical moisture advection. Evaporation and vertical moisture advection combine to make wet seasons wetter and enhance the annual range. In the dry season, the opposite change of evaporation and vertical moisture advection leads to an insignificant change in precipitation. Vertical moisture advection is the most important term that determines the changes in precipitation, wherein the thermodynamic component is dominant and the dynamic component tends to offset the effect of the thermodynamic component.

The effects of vegetation restoration strategies and seasons on soil enzyme activities in the Karst landscapes of Yunnan, southwest China

Soil enzymes play a vital role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functions.In this study,we examined the response of six soil enzymes to changes in physicochemical properties resulting from changes in season and vegetation and geological conditions.Catalase,urease,acid phosphatase,invertase,amylase,and cellulase not only promote carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycling,but also participate in the decomposition of harmful substances.Thirty-six soil samples were collected from karst and non-karst areas in two different seasons and from three different types of vegetation in Yunnan province,southwest China.Both vegetation types and season had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities.In the same plot,soil water content,electrical conductivity,organic carbon,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus increased in the rainy season,indicating enhanced microbial metabolic activity.With the exception of urease activity,the remaining five enzymes showed higher activity in the rainy season.Changes in activities between the two seasons were significant in all samples.In the same season,activity levels of soil enzymes were higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas,and higher in natural forest than in artificial forests.The transformative abilities of soil elements are higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas,and higher in natural forests than in artificial forests.Correlation analysis showed that the activities of the six enzymes correlated significantly;however,soil physical and chemical indices,such as organic matter,pH,and moisture,which are essential for enzyme activity,differed by season.Redundancy analysis also revealed that the main factors influencing enzyme activity differed between the two seasons.The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on the restoration of natural ecological systems in karst landscapes.

Research for length change of four seasons over China in recent 47 years

Using daily temperature data from 599 Chinese weather stations during 1961-2007, the length change trends of four seasons dur- ing the past 47 years were analyzed. Results show that throughout the region, four seasons＇ lengths are： spring becomes shorter （-0.8 d/10yrs）, summer becomes longer （3.2 d/10yrs）, autumn （-0.5 d/10yrs） and winter （-1.6 d/10yrs） becomes shorter. This trend is different in spatial distribution, namely it is very obvious in northern than southern China, and also remarkable in eastern than western China. Summer change is most obvious, but autumn has little change comparatively. This trend is highly obvious in North, East, Central and South China. In the Southwest starting in the 21st century, summer becomes longer and winter shortens. The trend in the Plateau region since the 1980s is that spring becomes longer and winter shortens. The average annual temperature increased during the past 47 years, and the change of the average annual temperature precedes seasons＇ length. Thus, the average annual temperature has a certain influence on the length change of seasons.

VARYING SEASONS' MESOSCALE WIND FIELD CIRCULATION IN HAINAN ISLAND

Using a one-level numerical diagnostic model, the features of surface wind fields in Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula and maritime area around it are studied. In the experiments with prevailing synoptic situation for varying seasons there are obvious deflection flows, terrain slope drafts, convergence lines, sea/land breeze and mountain/valley breeze, and difference in season accounts for the features found in the mesoscale distribution.The complex terrain and seatland distribution in the area is shown to be the important cause for the formation of varying mesoscale circulation, and close relationships between local climatic distribution feature and mesoscale circulation are then revealed.

Possible Connections between Seasons and Ultra-Deep Earthquakes Worldwide

The aim of this investigation is to find possible changes in ultra-deep earthquakes (UDQ) during different seasons of the year. In the acquisition of data for our previous work we observed an inexplicable pattern of growth of ultra-deep tremors (UDQ) during the studied period. Apparently, there is no viable explanation for growth occurring at such a level, presumably in the asthenosphere. Current research and theories developed for the inner layers of the Earth do not explain such variations. Therefore, a possible explanation would be in external factors such as the seasons of the year, which are determined by changes in the Earth’s axial tilt, and therefore the portion of the earth that is angled toward the sun. This paper focuses exclusively on UDQ events. To simplify the calculations, we consider four main locations;this includes one more region than our previous paper but includes only UDQ data. The results showed that during spring and autumn UDQ events grew slightly in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. It is also suggested that a contributor to UDQ events is friction from the subducting lithosphere against the continental plates.

Effect of Seasons on Theanine Levels in Different Kenyan Commercially Released Tea Cultivars and Its Variation in Different Parts of the Tea Shoot

A study was conducted to determine the effect of seasons in 23 different Kenyan commercially released tea cultivars. This was done for three seasons viz: cold and wet, cold and humid, hot and dry. The cold and wet season was shown to be the best for obtaining high levels of theanine while the hot and dry season resulted in decrease in theanine levels in most of the test cultivars thus showing seasonal variation on the levels of theanine. Theanine content was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). On average, TRFK 31/8 contained 1.20% dw of theanine and highest in green tea while TRFK 56/89 contained 0.97% dw of theanine and highest in black tea. Green tea contained higher theanine levels than black tea and this has been shown in most of the test cultivars. To achieve the health benefits of theanine, one should drink 4 cups of tea brewed from cultivars with 0.63% dw and more of theanine. Also theanine levels were determined in the different partitions of the tea shoot (4 leaves + bud) and the internode contained the highest theanine levels up to 3.26% dw for both cultivars compared to the leafy partitions.

The Effects on the Cutting Propagation of Cinnamomum micranthum in Different Seasons

Cinnamomum micranthum is one of China Third-class Endangered Tree Species. The seedlings of C. micranthum are difficult to obtain. It is important to study the cutting propagation of C. micranthum in different seasons to improve the rooting rate for providing seedling propagation technique for the afforestation industry. In this study,the optimal season for the cutting propagation of C. micranthum was summer( May),providing 80. 6% rooting rate. The rooting rate in Summer was 33. 4% higher than that in Spring( March). This technique is important to make the best use of rare C. micranthum resources and to provide plenty of seedlings for afforestation and greening industry.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE FROM GMS-5 INFRARED CLOUD IMAGERY AND SURFACE RAIN RATES DURING THE RAINING SEASONS OF FUJIAN PROVINCE

The GMS-5 infrared cloud imagery for two yearly first raining seasons in 1998 and 1999 are used to study the relationship between brightness temperature and surface rain rates. The result shows that it is likely to have large probability of heavy precipitation with the decrease of brightness temperature and the gradual increase of rainfall intensity; for areas of low temperature, the brightness temperature is better determined for atmosphere above rain gauge stations with multiple points sampling than with single point one; for the yearly first raining season, the threshold brightness temperature is set at 4.6℃ for indication of heavy precipitation in the Fujian area.

Quilitative Analysis of a Class of Simulate Seasons Environm ent Chem ostat Systems

In this paper, a class of chemostat systems with simulate seasons Environment in the following form =(1+be(t)-s)Q+x(msa+s-k) =x(msa+s-k)-Qxis discussed. It is abstained that the system has not periodic solution when b=0; if b≠0 and b1 then system has 2 π periodic solution of system. globally asymptotically stable as mQ<μ *-1 and is unstable as mQ>μ *-1 and there exists at last one minimal 2 π periodic solution (s(t),x(t)) with \{x(t)>0,\}0<s(t)<s *(t).

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSIONS OF BASIC CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECIPITATION DURING RAINING SEASONS IN REGIONS SOUTH OF CHANGJIANG RIVER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SST ANOMALIES

Basic climatic characteristics are analyzed concerning the precipitation anomalies in raining seasons over regions south of the Changjiang River (the Yangtze). It finds that the regions are the earliest in eastern China where raining seasons begin and end. Precipitation there tends to decrease over the past 50 years. Waters bounded by 9(S -1(S, 121(E - 129(E are the key zones of SST anomalies that affect the precipitation in these regions over May ~ July in preceding years. Long-term air-sea interactions make it possible for preceding SST anomalies to affect the general circulation that come afterwards, causing precipitation anomalies in the raining seasons in regions south of the Changjiang River in subsequent years.

Effects of Pheretima sp. and Eisenia foetida on Changes in Microbial Populations of Forest Soil in Different Seasons

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of artificially cultured Eisenia foetida and wild earthworms ( Pheretima sp.) on the changes of microbial populations in forest soil in different seasons.[Methods]Artificially cultured E.foetida and wild earthworms were introduced to forest soil,and changes in the number of microbial populations under earthworm-microbe interaction were investigated in different seasons by tracking observation.The effects of earthworm activities on the number of different microbial populations were discussed also.[Results]Different microbial populations all increased in the soil to different degrees after the introduction of earthworms.The effects of the wild earthworms on the changes in bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were different from those of artificially cultivated earthworms to certain degrees.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for organic agriculture that relies on the decomposition of organic matter to release nutrients.

Changes in the Beginning Date and Duration of the Four Seasons in Zhejiang Province

Based on data of daily average temperature from 62 national ground observation stations in Zhejiang Province during 1971-2015,the changing trends and spatial distribution of beginning date and duration of the four seasons in Zhejiang Province were analyzed by using the least square method,and significance test was conducted by using correlation coefficient. The results show that according to the changing characteristics of the four seasons in Zhejiang Province,autumn and winter began later,while spring and summer started earlier than before; the duration of summer lengthened,while the duration of winter shortened,and there were great changes in summer and winter but small changes in spring and autumn. Seen from the spatial distribution of beginning date and duration of the four seasons,the correlation in middle and northern Zhejiang was better than that in southern Zhejiang.

Effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Dosage, Seasons and Treatment Frequency on Super-Ovulation in Goats

[ Objective] To explore the effects of FSH （ Follicle-stimulating hormone）, seasons and treatment frequency on super-ovulation in donor goats and to provide necessary data for research about embryo transfer and embryo biotechnology in Yangzhou area. [ Method] Two FSH dosages （240 and 300 I U）, two seasons （April- June and October- December）, and two treatment frequencies （one or two times） were used to induce super-ovulation in goats. [ Result] Both average ovulation point and number of transferable embryos were significantly different between the goats given 240 IU FSH and those given 300 lU FSH （average ovulation point, 10.12 vs 15.55; number of transferable embryos, 8.82 vs 13.15） at the 0.05 level. Both average ovulation point and number of transferable embryos were also significantly different between April -June and October- December （ average ovulation point, 9.05 vs 15.55; number of transferable embryos, 7.05 vs 13.15） at the 0.05 level. Super-ovulation effect was not significantly different between the two treatment frequencies. [ Conduslonl The FSH dosages and seasons have significant impact on super-ovu- lation, but repeat super-ovulation does not have the same impact.

Effects of Seasons on Embryo Transfer of Cattle in Different Climatic Zones

The paper was to evaluate the efficient seasons for embryo transfer of cattle in different climatic zones in China. Three climatic zones(mid-temperate zone,warm temperate zone,subtropical zone) were designed,and embryo transfers had been carried out in spring,summer,autumn and winter from 2009 to 2011,respectively. The total number of transplant recipient cattle was 22 208. The results showed that the best seasons for embryo transfers varied with different climatic zones. In mid-temperate zone,summer and autumn were better while summer was the best,and the rate of pregnant was 50. 67%(the number of pregnant cattle was 8 005). In warm temperate zone,spring and autumn were better while autumn was the best,and the rate of pregnant was 54. 99 %(the number of pregnant cattle was 551). In subtropical zone,spring and winter were better while winter was the best,and the rate of pregnant was 56. 94 %(the number of pregnant cattle was 328). The seasonal average temperatures and relative humidity of the best seasons in different climatic zones were concentrated on the same region. In mid-temperate zone,the mean temperature ranged between 22. 4 ℃ and 24. 2 ℃,and the mean relative humidity ranged from 44% to 55. 3%. In warm zone,the mean temperature ranges were between 14. 2 ℃ and 16. 2 ℃,and the mean relative humidity ranges were from 59. 3% to 71. 6%. In sub-tropical zone,the mean temperature ranges were between 3. 26 ℃ and 7. 73 ℃,and the mean relative humidity ranges were from 72% to 80. 6%. Therefore,the optimized conditions of temperature and humidity of season in different zones could be simulated. It is possible that we apply the program to bovine production in the similar agroecological zones,which is of great significance for improving the embryo transfer efficiency of livestock in production.

Main Polysaccharides Isolated and Quantified of Aloe vera Gel in Different Seasons of the Year

We developed and implemented a methodology that allowed extracting and evaluating high molecular weight polysaccharides present in the gel of Aloe barbadensis Miller. One of the fractions evaluated revealed the presence of high molecular weight carbohydrates (200 kDa) with a behavior similar to that of acemannan and another fraction with compounds of molecular weights between 17 and 47 kDa. We quantified the concentration of acemannan for two different growing periods. The concentration of acemannan in the high molecular weight fraction was 99.97 ppm in the rainy season and 106.03 ppm in the dry season. The concentration of acemannan in the fraction of low molecular weight was 9.364 ppm during the season of greatest rainfall and 26.939 ppm in the dry season.