Implementation of configuration dependent stiffness proportional damping for the dynamics of rigid multi-block systems

The distinct element method(DEM)has been used successfully for the dynamic analysis of rigid block sys- tems.One of many difficulties associated with DEM is modeling of damping.In this paper,new procedures are proposed for the damping modeling and its numerical implementation in distinct element analysis of rigid muhi-block systems.The stiff- ness proportional damping is constructed for the prescribed damping ratio,based on the non-zero fundamental frequency ef- fective during the time interval while the boundary conditions remain essentially constant.At this time interval,the funda- mental frequency can be estimated without complete eigenvalue analysis.The damping coefficients will vary while the damp- ing ratio remains the same throughout the entire analysis.A new numerical procedure is developed to prevent unnecessary energy loss that can occur during the separation phases.These procedures were implemented in the development of the dis- tinet element method for the dynamic analyses of piled multi-block systems.The analysis results |or the single-block and two-block systems were in a good agreement with the analytic predictions.Applications to the seismic analyses of piled four- block systems revealed that the new procedures can make a significant difference and may lead to much-improved results.

Bionic Design and Simulation Analysis of Energy⁃Efficient and Vibration⁃Damping Walking Mechanism

African ostrich can run for 30 min at a speed of 60 km/h in the desert,and its hindlimb has excellent energy saving and vibration damping performance.In order to realize the energy⁃efficient and vibration⁃damping design of the leg mechanism of the legged robot,the principle of engineering bionics was applied.According to the passive rebound characteristic of the intertarsal joint of the ostrich foot and the characteristic of variable output stiffness of the ostrich hindlimb,combined with the proportion and size of the structure of the ostrich hindlimb,the bionic rigid⁃flexible composite legged robot single⁃leg structure was designed.The locomotion of the bionic mechanical leg was simulated by means of ADAMS.Through the motion simulation analysis,the influence of the change of the inner spring stiffness coefficient within a certain range on the vertical acceleration of the body centroid and the motor power consumption was studied,and the optimal stiffness coefficient of the inner spring was obtained to be 200 N/mm,and it was further verified that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the energy consumption of the mechanical leg.Simulation results show that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the motor energy consumption by about 72.49%.

Solving Nonlinear Differential Equation Governing on the Rigid Beams on Viscoelastic Foundation by AGM

In the present paper a vibrational differential equation governing on a rigid beam on viscoelastic foundation has been investigated. The nonlinear differential equation governing on this vibrating system is solved by a simple and innovative approach, which has been called Akbari-Ganji＇s method （AGM）. AGM is a very suitable computational process and is usable for solving various nonlinear differential equations. Moreover, using AGM which solving a set of algebraic equations, complicated nonlinear equations can easily be solved without any mathematical operations. Also, the damping ratio and energy lost per cycle for three cycles have been investigated. Furthermore, comparisons have been made between the obtained results by numerical method （Runk45） and AGM. Results showed the high accuracy of AGM. The results also showed that by increasing the amount of initial amplitude of vibration （A）, the value of damping ratio will be increased, and the energy lost per cycle decreases by increasing the number of cycle. It is concluded that AGM is a reliable and precise approach for solving differential equations. On the other hand, it is better to say that AGM is able to solve linear and nonlinear differential equations directly in most of the situations. This means that the final solution can be obtained without any dimensionless procedure Therefore, AGM can be considered as a significant progress in nonlinear sciences.

A discretely damped SDOF model for the rocking response of freestanding blocks

This paper presents a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)constitutive model for assessing the performance of freestanding block contents of buildings.The model incorporates a bespoke damper to account for energy dissipation associated with rocking.It is advantageous in its direct correlation,via energy conservation,to the restitution coefficient for impact during rocking.A comparative study with the existing SDOF rocking models shows that the proposed model significantly improves the accuracy of free-rocking simulations,in which inherent damping predominantly affects response.It provides a promising and efficient tool for computationally intensive performance evaluation of nonstructural components.

高铁大跨双肢墩连续刚构桥减震系梁地震易损性分析

为了解地震作用下减震系梁对高铁大跨双肢墩连续刚构桥的减震效果,以某主跨180 m的山区高铁双肢墩连续刚构桥为背景,分别建立采用钢筋混凝土(RC)系梁、2种新型减震系梁(可屈服钢系梁与斜交筒式黏弹性阻尼器系梁)方案的全桥有限元模型,对比分析不同系梁方案下的结构损伤、桥面平顺性指标等。结果表明:2种新型减震系梁均不会在地震作用下出现负刚度,新型减震系梁方案较RC系梁方案能有效降低系梁和主墩的结构损伤概率,主墩最大压应变降低83.3%;但减震系梁对震后桥面平顺性指标无明显改善,需采用更具针对性的技术措施。

Power and Damping Torque of Electric-Quadrupole Radiation for Rotational Charged Rigid Bodies

Based on the basic theory of electrodynamics about electromagnetic radiation,the general formulae of radiation power and damping torque of electric-quadrupole moment for a steadily and uniformly charged rigid body with any periodic rotation are derived.The concise form of the formulae in some special symmetric cases are deduced and discussed,and the results of several common symmetric charged bodies are listed.

桥梁高阻尼橡胶支座力学性能试验研究

目前高阻尼橡胶支座在国内桥梁工程建设中使用尚处于起步阶段。本文对高阻尼橡胶支座的力学性能进行了系统的试验研究,研究了该支座的竖向刚度、水平刚度、阻尼比及水平剪切大变形等。该支座的推广应用,将使桥梁结构在地震(中震、大震)时降低地震作用力,对整体结构能进行限位,有效地控制桥梁结构的地震反应,达到桥梁结构隔震减震的目的,弥补我国桥梁结构中现在所用支座之不足,同时可降低成本,节省使用空间,便于施工。

结冰导线舞动机制分析

应用稳定性理论并结合线路的实际工况分析了结冰导线的舞动机制。经研究发现:气动升力曲线初始斜率为负且其绝对值足够大时,结冰导线可能发生舞动;气动阻力曲线初始斜率为正且足够大时,结冰导线可能发生舞动;气动力矩曲线初始斜率为正且足够大时,结冰导线可能发生舞动; Den Hartog原理为此结论中的特例。据此结论和对动力学方程的分析得出:结冰导线发生舞动的原因是气动升力曲线初始斜率、气动阻力曲线初始斜率、气动力矩曲线初始斜率可以产生负阻尼或负刚度,从而使得结冰导线吸收风能。

大直径建筑叠层橡胶隔震装置温度相关性及老化性能研究

针对隔震建筑中隔震层采用隔震装置多为叠层橡胶隔震支座,其力学特性是否受自然界温度的变化、日照风吹及长期持荷的影响,一直为研究者和设计师们所关注.为此,以足尺叠层橡胶隔震支座为研究体,经系统试验研究其温度特性(-20℃～+40℃);温度为100℃时,恒温时间240h和336h状况下老化特性;老化前后相关性能对比;老化后极限性能及120次反复循环加载后的基准性能.结果表明:温度对叠层橡胶隔震支座的竖向刚度、水平刚度、屈服力及等效阻尼比具有不同程度的影响;其耐老化寿命可达到20℃×60a以上有着不短于工程结构的使用寿命50a;为隔震技术在建筑领域中推广应用提供重要依据.

振动试验夹具设计与实践

目的探讨振动试验中夹具设计需要考虑的问题以及如何使得振动夹具满足试验要求。方法详细了解了夹具设计的方法,从外形和质量的角度分析夹具的静态设计;从刚度和阻尼的角度分析夹具的动强度设计。结果支板试验的夹具改进提高了夹具的刚度;导管试验的夹具改进提高了夹具的阻尼,经过改进的夹具都顺利地完成了试验。结论试验夹具的设计是一个系统工作,需要综合考虑很多问题,设计者可以通过选择比刚度高的材料降低夹具质量;通过增加厚度提高夹具刚度;通过增加螺纹连接提高夹具阻尼。

刚柔耦合建模理论的实验验证

传统的混合坐标建模理论是零次近似方法,对刚柔耦合问题的描述存在缺陷.研究以一个由中心刚体、柔性梁及末端质量组成的刚柔耦合系统为对象,建立了精确的一次近似的刚柔耦合动力学方程,在该模型中计及了结构阻尼及风阻的影响.利用单轴气浮台动力学实验平台,通过与实验数据的比较,说明了传统零次近似方法在某些条件下已不能正确描述柔性体的刚柔耦合动力学性质;而一次近似的刚柔耦合动力学模型得到的结果与实验相符,从而验证了一次近似耦合理论的正确性和可靠性.

弹性环挤压油膜阻尼器-转子系统临界转速特性

弹性环挤压油膜阻尼器ERSFD是一种新型的旋转机械支点阻尼器,其良好的减振调频特性,能够有效地对转子振动进行控制。为了获得ERSFD-转子系统的临界转速特性,考虑了支点的刚度特性对临界转速的影响。首先,利用有限元接触分析技术和有限差分法计算,分别获得了弹性环和油膜的刚度特性,再通过ERSFD-转子系统的不平衡响应计算获得不同刚度特性下的临界转速特性,经转子动力特性试验验证,最终确定了影响临界转速的重要因素,即弹性环凸台处的接触状态。

不同约束条件下土体冻胀规律

为研究不同约束条件下的土体冻胀规律,选取冻胀敏感性粉质黏土,利用一维冻胀试验系统进行了自由边界、弹性约束、刚性约束条件下的冻胀试验,得出土体含水量、补水量、冻胀量、冻胀速率、冻胀力的变化规律及冻胀力与冻胀量之间的动态平衡关系。结果表明:随着约束阻尼系数的增加,土体主动区含水量、补水量、冻胀速率、冻胀量均减小,冻胀力增大;与自由边界条件相比,弹性约束条件下的冻胀量分别减少了19.6%、36.5%、61.2%;冻胀力分别为0.22、0.36、0.96 kN;冻胀力与冻胀量之间的拟合函数关系为f=4.633 7e-0.3128h,冻胀力随着冻胀量的增大呈指数规律衰减。

600型建筑叠层橡胶隔震装置温度相关性及耐老化性能研究

采用600型建筑叠层橡胶隔震装置为研究体，系统地研究了其温度为（-20℃-40℃）时的特性；温度为100℃时，恒温时间240h和336h状态下老化特性；老化前后相关性能对比；老化后极限性能及120次反复循环加载后的基准性能．结果表明：温度对叠层橡胶隔震装置的竖向刚度、水平刚度、屈服力及等效阻尼比具有不同程度的影响；其耐老化寿命可达到60a；为隔震技术在建筑领域中推广应用提供了依据．

振动时效效果现场判断的判据

以复杂构件为对象 ,讨论了粘性阻尼和结构阻尼等因素对其振动响应特性的不同影响 ,对运用连续扫频法揭示出的振动时效动力学曲线呈现“几”字形规律做了进一步解释。分析表明 ,扫频曲线上共振峰的移动与形貌变化决定于构件结构刚性、结构阻尼和粘性阻尼等诸多因素变化的综合影响。以提高尺寸稳定性、降低和均化残余应力为目的的振动时效工艺 ,必须以此作为理论研究的出发点及其归宿。据此 ,作者对施振效果的现场即时定性判断的判据提出了新观点 ,认为 ,与振前扫频曲线相比 ,振后扫频曲线是否简洁而平滑 ,是振动时效工艺效果是否良好的重要标志之一。

刚性桩复合地基-上部结构动力相互作用体系抗震性能及影响因素分析

通过模拟土的非线性动力本构模型,选取合理的人工边界及耦合阻尼模型,建立了刚性桩复合地基与上部结构相互作用体系三维有限元动力分析模型。通过计算,对比了刚性桩复合地基与普通桩基对上部结构地震反应的影响异同,同时得到了土体模量与分层、基础埋深、桩径与桩长、砂石垫层模量与厚度以及上部结构特性等因素在考虑土-结构动力相互作用时对刚性桩复合地基抗震性能的影响及其基本规律,并与已有相关试验结果进行了对比,得到较好验证。研究结果为工程设计与工程应用提供了可借鉴的理论依据。

非淹没刚性植物对孤立波传播变形影响实验

通过波浪水槽物理模型实验,研究了孤立波在植物模型前后波高、波形的变化、入射波波高、植物分布密度以及分布方式对孤立波反射、透射系数和波能衰减系数的影响.实验结果表明,孤立波波高在植物模型中急剧减小;孤立波经过植物模型后,其透射波仍以孤立波的形式继续传播,波形由尖陡变为平缓;随着水深的增加,孤立波反射系数和波能衰减系数减小,透射系数增大;随着入射波高的增高,孤立波反射系数和波能衰减系数增大,透射系数减小;在植物分布形式相同的情况下,随着植物分布密度的增加,孤立波反射系数和波能衰减系数增大、透射系数减小;在植物分布密度相同的情况下,植物在垂直于孤立波传播方向上分布地越紧密,孤立波反射系数和波能衰减系数越大、透射系数越小.

1200型大直径建筑叠层铅芯橡胶隔震支座性能研究

对隔震建筑采用1200型大直径叠层铅芯橡胶隔震支座进行了力学性能研究,并对其实施了系统性能试验.研究其竖向压缩性能、水平剪切性能、阻尼比和水平极限变形性能,指出竖向压力及水平剪切变形对大直径1200型隔震支座的性能影响.同时使其与Φ1100mm、Φ1000mm及Φ600mm型叠层铅芯橡胶隔震支座进行了对比分析.研究结果表明,中国生产的大直径1 200 mm型叠层铅芯橡胶隔震支座力学性能稳定可靠,可在实际工程中推广应用,并为高层建筑结构的隔震减震控制提供设计依据.

汽车离合器从动盘减振弹簧的结构改进

通过把汽车离合器从动盘的减振弹簧进行一定的结构改进,使得减振弹簧的刚度由原来的单级刚度变成了3级刚度,并可随着路况及负荷的变化而使刚度发生变化,从而既提高了乘客乘坐的舒适性又增强了汽车的承载能力和可靠性。

多层隔振系统的动力学模型

在微振动的前提下,从推导空间刚体的动能及隔振器的势能及耗散能着手,利用拉格朗日方程建立了考虑隔振器上下安装点位置的多层隔振系统的动力学方程组。在推导中使用平移变换矩阵T和旋转变换矩阵R以及用TR矩阵的形式描述了多层隔振系统的动能表达式、势能表达式及耗散能表达式。文中给出了一个浮筏隔振系统模型的算例,计算结果表明,所推导的多层隔振系统的动力学模型有良好的计算精度,能满足高质量工程设计的要求。