The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for coll...The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for collecting data is not sufficient because of their limited coverage and expensive costs for installation and maintenance. Application of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in travel time and delay data collections is proven to be efficient in terms of accuracy, level of details for the data and required data collection of man-power. While data collection automation is improved by the GPS technique, human errors can easily find their way through the post-processing phase, and therefore data post-processing remains a challenge especially in case of big projects with high amount of data. This paper introduces a stand-alone post-processing tool called GPS Calculator, which provides an easy-to-use environment to carry out data post-processing. This is a Visual Basic application that processes the data files obtained in the field and integrates them into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and representation. The results show that this tool obtains similar results to the currently used data post-processing method, reduces the post-processing effort, and also eliminates the need for the second person during the data collection.展开更多
Systematic, routine pain assessment using standardized clinical guidelines is the foundation of effective pain management for patients who are unable to self-report pain. In Zambia, there are no context appropriate st...Systematic, routine pain assessment using standardized clinical guidelines is the foundation of effective pain management for patients who are unable to self-report pain. In Zambia, there are no context appropriate standardised clinical guidelines for post-operative pain observations. This study sought to develop such a clinical guideline in form of an assessment tool. The study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed method through a three-phased approach and an adapted Clinical Decision Making Survey instrument was used. Snowball sampling was employed and in phases II and III, purposive sampling was used. The study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospitals where 120 participants were enrolled in the study. Phases II and III provided preliminary internal validation processes of the developed tool, where discussions, orientation and trial implementation of the tool were done. In phase II of the study, 47 participants comprising of nurses participated while in phase III, there were 11 nurses and 32 participants. The results yielded the first ever standardised post-operative pain assessment tool for patients with major abdominal surgery in Zambia. The tool is made up of six dimensions of the identified nonverbal indicators of post-operative pain in patients with major abdominal surgery namely: facial expressions, mobility, activity intolerance, behavioural disturbance, communication ability and vital signs. The present study showed that the developed post-operative pain assessment tool for Zambia is acceptable for use among patients who have had major abdominal surgery and can facilitate improved post-operative pain management for most patients.展开更多
目的:汉化重症监护室(ICU)后综合征问卷(Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Questionnaire,PICSQ)并检验其信效度。方法:通过邮件获得PICSQ开发者的授权,基于Brislin翻译模型对PICSQ进行直译、回译、文化调试,形成中文版PICSQ(C-PICSQ)问卷...目的:汉化重症监护室(ICU)后综合征问卷(Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Questionnaire,PICSQ)并检验其信效度。方法:通过邮件获得PICSQ开发者的授权,基于Brislin翻译模型对PICSQ进行直译、回译、文化调试,形成中文版PICSQ(C-PICSQ)问卷。随机选取入住创伤重症监护室(TICU)后的幸存病人180例进行问卷调查,评价量表的信效度。结果:C-PICSQ总量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.827,重测信度为0.907,折半信度为0.854;量表各条目内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.66~1.00,全体一致内容效度指数(SCVI/UA)为0.83。最终问卷共提取认知、生理功能和心理3个维度,累积方差解释率为69.454%。结果:C-PICSQ在国内文化背景下具有良好的信效度,可作为创伤护理人员评估TICU后综合征的工具。展开更多
文摘The travel time data collection method is used to assist the congestion management. The use of traditional sensors (e.g. inductive loops, AVI sensors) or more recent Bluetooth sensors installed on major roads for collecting data is not sufficient because of their limited coverage and expensive costs for installation and maintenance. Application of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in travel time and delay data collections is proven to be efficient in terms of accuracy, level of details for the data and required data collection of man-power. While data collection automation is improved by the GPS technique, human errors can easily find their way through the post-processing phase, and therefore data post-processing remains a challenge especially in case of big projects with high amount of data. This paper introduces a stand-alone post-processing tool called GPS Calculator, which provides an easy-to-use environment to carry out data post-processing. This is a Visual Basic application that processes the data files obtained in the field and integrates them into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and representation. The results show that this tool obtains similar results to the currently used data post-processing method, reduces the post-processing effort, and also eliminates the need for the second person during the data collection.
文摘Systematic, routine pain assessment using standardized clinical guidelines is the foundation of effective pain management for patients who are unable to self-report pain. In Zambia, there are no context appropriate standardised clinical guidelines for post-operative pain observations. This study sought to develop such a clinical guideline in form of an assessment tool. The study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed method through a three-phased approach and an adapted Clinical Decision Making Survey instrument was used. Snowball sampling was employed and in phases II and III, purposive sampling was used. The study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospitals where 120 participants were enrolled in the study. Phases II and III provided preliminary internal validation processes of the developed tool, where discussions, orientation and trial implementation of the tool were done. In phase II of the study, 47 participants comprising of nurses participated while in phase III, there were 11 nurses and 32 participants. The results yielded the first ever standardised post-operative pain assessment tool for patients with major abdominal surgery in Zambia. The tool is made up of six dimensions of the identified nonverbal indicators of post-operative pain in patients with major abdominal surgery namely: facial expressions, mobility, activity intolerance, behavioural disturbance, communication ability and vital signs. The present study showed that the developed post-operative pain assessment tool for Zambia is acceptable for use among patients who have had major abdominal surgery and can facilitate improved post-operative pain management for most patients.
文摘目的:汉化重症监护室(ICU)后综合征问卷(Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Questionnaire,PICSQ)并检验其信效度。方法:通过邮件获得PICSQ开发者的授权,基于Brislin翻译模型对PICSQ进行直译、回译、文化调试,形成中文版PICSQ(C-PICSQ)问卷。随机选取入住创伤重症监护室(TICU)后的幸存病人180例进行问卷调查,评价量表的信效度。结果:C-PICSQ总量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.827,重测信度为0.907,折半信度为0.854;量表各条目内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.66~1.00,全体一致内容效度指数(SCVI/UA)为0.83。最终问卷共提取认知、生理功能和心理3个维度,累积方差解释率为69.454%。结果:C-PICSQ在国内文化背景下具有良好的信效度,可作为创伤护理人员评估TICU后综合征的工具。
