Fracturing behavior of brittle solids containing 3D internal crack of different depths under ultrasonic fracturing

Ultrasonic fracturing(UF)can be used to form crack networks for oil or gas in the mining industry and hard rock excavation.In this paper,the three-dimensional internal laser-engraved crack method(3DILC)is introduced to make penny-shaped internal crack within the samples without any damage to the surfaces.Physical experiments were performed on the transparent samples with internal cracks at different depths.The macro-and micro-fracture fractography characteristics were focused on and analyzed in details.Based on fractography,the mechanisms of the UF were revealed.The propagation paths of cracks of different depths were simulated based on the Paris fatigue model and compared with experimental results.The results show that the 3D-ILC method is a powerful tool for the experimental research on the internal crack propagation in the UF.Under the action of ultrasonic field,fractography shows the characteristics of beach marks,lance-like pattern,rime-like pattern and glass powder.It can be judged that the mechanisms of UF include high cycle fatigue fracture,shear fracture,and friction.The results of the numerical simulation using the Paris fatigue model are consistent with the experimental results.

CRACK TIP STRUCTURE AND DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION IN BULK SINGLE CRYSTALS

Based on the crack tip structure a new model of ductile -brittle transition was proposed. Using this new model we calculated the dependence of the transition temperature-strain rate over a wide range of strain rate. Finally the significance of this new model is discussed in detail.

Crack initiation rate of brittle rock under thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling condition

A calculation formula of thermal-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling crack initiation rate for brittle rock was derived based on the energy conservation law.The self-designed THM coupling fracture test with conductive adhesive electrical measurement method was applied to measuring the THM coupling crack propagation rate of brittle rock continuously.Research results show that both calculation and test results of crack initiation rate increased with increase of the temperature and the hydraulic pressure.They are almost in good agreement,which can prove validity of the calculation formula of THM coupling crack initiation rate.

Improved Staggered Algorithm for Phase-Field Brittle Fracture with the Local Arc-Length Method

The local arc-length method is employed to control the incremental loading procedure for phase-field brittle fracture modeling.An improved staggered algorithm with energy and damage iterative tolerance convergence criteria is developed based on the residuals of displacement and phase-field.The improved staggered solution scheme is implemented in the commercial software ABAQUS with user-defined element subroutines.The layered system of finite elements is utilized to solve the coupled elastic displacement and phase-field fracture problem.A one-element benchmark test compared with the analytical solution was conducted to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the developed method.Our study shows that the result calculated with the developed method does not depend on the selected size of loading increments.The results of several numerical experiments show that the improved staggered algorithm is efficient for solving the more complex brittle fracture problems.

AN APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF A CRACKED HINGEDHINGED BEAM

A new method based on a modified line-spring model is developed for evaluating the natural frequencies of vibration of a cracked beam.This model in conjunction with the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory,modal analysis and linear elastic fracture mechanics is applied to obtain an approximate characteristic equation of a cracked hinged-hinged beam.By solving this equation the natural frequencies are determined for different crack lengths in different positions.The results show good agreement with the solutions through finite element analysis.The present method may be extended to analyze other cracked complicated structures with various boundary conditions.

Characterization of the Type IV crack in high Cr steel weldments

The weldments for several types of high Cr ferritic steels were investigated to understand the fracture mechanism of the Type IV crack. The creep testing shows that the Type IV cracking is more likely to occur at the lower stress level, whereas at the higher stress level the crack shifts towards parent metal. The microstructures observed in the HAZ for all the materials are mostly tempered lath martensites. There was no δ ferrites found in all creep specimens.

断裂相场模型的三维自适应有限元方法

发展了鲁棒的预测-校正算法,建立了断裂相场模型的三维自适应有限元分析.相场模型可以方便地处理复杂的断裂问题,避免了额外追踪裂纹路径且没有网格依赖性.然而,三维相场建模往往需要非常精细的网格,这降低了求解效率.针对该问题,基于交错求解方案发展了预测-校正网格自适应细化算法,实现了三维结构裂纹扩展的高精度分析.数值算例表明,所发展的方法能够准确合理地描述结构的裂纹扩展,同时网格可以在裂纹扩展的路径上自适应地细化.

一维六方压电准晶狭长体中双半无限共线裂纹问题的D-B模型

基于解析函数理论与保角映射方法,通过构造一维六方压电准晶狭长体中双半无限共线裂纹问题的D-B(Dugdale-Barenblatt)模型,研究了一维六方压电准晶狭长体中双半无限共线裂纹的弹塑性断裂力学问题,得到了塑性区尺寸及场强度因子的解析解,推广了材料中裂纹问题的已有结果,扩大了准晶压电材料弹塑性断裂力学问题的研究范围。

Crack nucleation and propagation simulation in brittle two-phase perforated/particulate composites by a phase field model

Fracture is a very common failure mode of the composite materials,which seriously affects the reliability and service-life of composite materials.Therefore,the study of the fracture behavior of the composite materials is of great significance and necessity,which demands an accurate and efficient numerical tool in general cases because of the complexity of the arising boundary-value or initial-boundary value problems.In this paper,a phase field model is adopted and applied for the numerical simulation of the crack nucleation and propagation in brittle linear elastic two-phase perforated/particulate composites under a quasi-static tensile loading.The phase field model can well describe the initiation,propagation and coalescence of the cracks without assuming the existence and the geometry of the initial cracks in advance.Its numerical implementation is realized within the framework of the finite element method(FEM).The accuracy and the efficiency of the present phase field model are verified by the available reference results in literature.In the numerical examples,we first study and discuss the influences of the hole/particle size on the crack propagation trajectory and the force-displacement curve.Then,the effects of the hole/particle shape on the crack initiation and propagation are investigated.Furthermore,numerical examples are presented and discussed to show the influences of the hole/particle location on the crack initiation and propagation characteristics.It will be demonstrated that the present phase field model is an efficient tool for the numerical simulation of the crack initiation and propagation problems in brittle two-phase composite materials,and the corresponding results may play an important role in predicting and preventing possible hazardous crack initiation and propagation in engineering applications.

断裂力学在桥梁领域的应用与发展

桥梁是跨越江河、海峡等天堑的主要交通方式之一,其安全性、可靠性一直是该领域专家学者关注的焦点问题。低应力脆性断裂因无征兆、破坏快而成为桥梁建设需解决的关键难题之一。学者们从不同的角度对桥梁构件的脆性断裂问题进行系统研究,发现建设材料缺陷、恶劣的运营环境及复杂的荷载工况等都是构件脆性断裂的致因。为了解桥梁构件脆断的机理及应对方法,该文总结当前研究的进展,主要包括桥梁疲劳荷载模型、构件裂纹扩展机理及影响、桥梁疲劳性能及寿命评估等方面,以期为后续相关发展提供参考。

基于虚拟裂缝模型的混凝土等效断裂韧度

本文采用虚拟裂缝模型，将临界裂缝尖端张开位移ＣＴＯＤｃ作为控制参数，利用三点弯曲梁试件通过迭代求得了混凝土裂缝亚临界扩展量的临界值△ａｃ，据此求得了混凝土起裂断裂韧度ＫｉｎｉＩｃ、等效断裂韧度ＫｕｎＩｃ值。计算结果表明，随着试件尺寸的增大，△ａｃ增大，但ＫｉｎｉＩｃ、ＫｕｎＩｃ值却是与试件尺寸无关的断裂参数。这表明线弹性断裂韧度准则可应用于混凝土结构的裂缝评定。

含裂缝的硬脆性泥页岩理化及力学特性研究

硬脆性泥页岩的理化及力学特征对深入研究深部地层泥页岩井壁稳定机理、裂缝性泥页岩漏失等问题具有至关重要的意义。采用泥浆化学、微观结构扫描及岩石力学试验手段,对某工区易失稳泥页岩地层的理化及力学特性进行了系统的研究和分析。结果表明,该工区泥页岩属于硬脆性泥页岩,粘土矿物以伊利石为主,基本不含蒙脱石,具有低膨胀易分散的特性,微观结构显示微裂缝发育;流体浸泡导致裂缝扩展延伸,降低了泥页岩的强度,随着时间的增加,强度降低得越显著。

简化脆性断裂裂尖模型及复合型断裂判据

通过对脆性断裂过程中开裂扩展机理的分析,提出一个新的简化脆性断裂裂尖模型,论证了裂尖荷载型式与裂尖断裂类型之间并不是惟一的对应关系,重新阐述和定义了裂尖处的应力强度因子和断裂韧度.通过对I型、II型及其复合型荷载作用下裂尖处应力场分析,提出了径向平面最大应力(M SRP)准则,认为在脆性断裂过程中,断裂方向由裂尖处径向平面上的最大应力所决定.分别针对I型、II型及I-II复合型荷载模式提出了裂纹断裂判断准则和开裂方向预测模型.通过推导得到了复合型荷载作用下严密完整的脆性断裂判据与裂纹开裂方向角的解析表达式,与有关脆性断裂试验结果进行的对比验证了所提出的模型及理论解的合理性.

试件初始缝长对混凝土双K断裂参数的影响

本文采用尺寸为 40 0mm× 40 0mm× 2 0 0mm ,初始缝高比分别为 0 2、 0 4、 0 5、 0 6的楔入劈拉试件 ,应用线性渐近叠加原理 ,利用试验中测得的最大荷载Pmax及对应的裂缝口张开位移CMODc 计算了混凝土裂缝的亚临界扩展量Δac,在此基础上利用虚拟裂缝模型并结合线弹性断裂理论 ,采用不同的闭合力方程计算了混凝土起裂断裂韧度KiniIc、失稳断裂韧度KunIc及临界裂缝尖端张开位移CTODc.结果表明 ,采用不同闭合力方程所计算的混凝土KiniIc值有所差异 ,但当试件缝高比大于或等于 0 4时KiniIc及CTODc 均与试件初始缝高比无关 ,而KunIc值则与初始缝高比无关 ,这表明双K断裂参数及CTODc 可以作为描述混凝土裂缝起裂、稳定扩展及失稳破坏全过程的材料常数 .

脆性岩石损伤断裂机理分析与试验研究

为了探讨渗透水压力对脆性岩石损伤劣化的影响,及脆性岩石变形过程中渗透特性的变化规律,分别取三峡船闸高边坡花岗岩和山西万家寨水电站灰岩进行不同应力状态的全应力-应变过程渗透性对比试验,然后将其岩石破坏断裂断口进行微观扫描电镜试验。试验结果反映出脆性岩石破坏前后渗透特性具有明显差异,从而也表明渗透水压力对岩石裂隙张开度与扩展变形起到一定程度的加剧作用。通过不同层次的试验研究与理论分析,给出了渗透水压作用下岩石破裂产生的微观破坏力学机制,为进一步分析暴雨入渗状态下水压急剧上升与聚降对裂隙岩体高边坡失稳的机理提供了可靠的试验依据。

考虑三向应力效应的最大Mises应力复合断裂判据

通过对脆性断裂过程中开裂扩展机理的分析,提出了径向平面最大Mises应力(RPMS)概念。在平面应变条件下考虑泊松比的影响,对不同应力复合比的I-II复合型载荷作用下裂尖处应力分布进行了分析,以此为基础,考虑裂尖处三向应力状态对断裂过程的影响,将径向平面上的最大Mises应力作为裂纹开裂扩展的控制因素。据此,针对复合型载荷模式,提出了裂尖复合脆性断裂判据及裂纹开裂方向表达式。将计算结果与现有试验或其他理论进行了对比分析,以此验证了该径向平面上最大Mises应力断裂判据的合理性。

基于弥散与分离裂缝模型的混凝土开裂比较研究

裂缝扩展是影响混凝土结构非线性响应的重要因素,其扩展深度与张开位移是评价结构安全性的重要指标。基于弥散裂缝框架,该文建立了等效裂缝张开位移与损伤因子、断裂带宽度之间的函数关系。分别采用弥散、分离两类裂缝模型模拟I型断裂和I-II混合型断裂试验,二者在结构承载力、裂缝扩展和裂缝张开位移方面均获得了基本一致的结果。数值算例表明弥散裂缝模型与分离裂缝模型计算精度接近但其效率更高。

混凝土等效断裂韧度的解析方法及其尺寸效应

基于虚拟裂缝模型,提出一种计算混凝土三点弯曲梁等效断裂韧度的解析方法。应用该方法计算了梁的最大荷载和临界等效裂缝长度,进而求得等效断裂韧度。在此基础上,进一步研究了等效断裂韧度和裂缝亚临界扩展量的尺寸效应。结果发现,随梁高的增加,等效断裂韧度与裂缝亚临界扩展量均增加;随初始缝高比的增加,等效断裂韧度与裂缝亚临界扩展量增加至最大值,随后不断降低。该现象从另一角度验证了边界效应理论。

碾压混凝土拱坝诱导缝等效强度双参数断裂模型

对两种尺寸碾压混凝土三点弯曲梁进行了断裂试验,获得了荷载和裂缝口张开位移P-M全曲线及荷载和加载点位移P-δ全曲线,分析了碾压混凝土的断裂参数、临界有效裂缝长度和临界裂缝尖端张开位移等一系列空白参数.运用双K和双G断裂理论,分别建立了碾压混凝土拱坝诱导缝等效强度的非线性断裂模型和断裂能量分析模型,从非线性应力场和能量释放率角度明确了诱导缝的起裂、稳定扩展和失稳扩展的计算方法,对两种模型计算结果进行了相互比较,并用有限元和沙牌拱坝的工程实际观测值验证了模型的可靠性.给出了拱坝诱导缝的最佳布置间距、设置位置等.实践证明,该模型可提高碾压混凝土拱坝诱导缝的设计水平,且具有工程实用价值.

基于3D-ILC含内裂纹孔口脆性固体断裂特性试验

孔口问题为力学领域中经典问题之一,也是岩土如隧洞、巷道等工程领域重要的问题之一。随断裂力学的发展,对含裂纹孔口问题的研究也不断深入。但是,以往研究多集中在二维问题或者含表面裂纹的孔口问题,含纯内裂纹的孔口问题研究报道较少。基于3D-ILC技术(对表面无任何影响的情况下,凭空生成任意参数的深埋内裂纹),在含有孔口的脆性材料中生成内裂纹,开展单轴压缩试验,与无裂纹完整孔口试样试验结果及已有文献进行对比,并开展理论与数值模拟研究。结果表明:(1)3D-ILC与传统方法相比,裂纹特征更为真实,为解决断裂力学中的三维内裂纹问题奠定了基础;(2)完整孔口试样裂纹形态主要有主裂纹与八字形裂纹;(3)含内裂纹试样裂纹形态以内裂纹扩展为主,主要有翼裂纹、次生裂纹、反翼裂纹、反向次生裂纹、竖向扭曲裂纹与主裂纹6种;(4)含裂纹孔口试样最终的破坏荷载比无裂纹孔口试样平均低76.49%,起裂应力较无裂纹孔口试样平均低96.72%;(5)通过数值模拟对完整孔口试样、含主裂纹孔口试样、含内裂纹孔口试样的裂纹扩展进行定性分析,与试验结论一致。该研究结果为含三维内裂纹的孔口脆性材料的断裂理论研究提供了物理试验基础。