The cross sections of fragments produced in the 140 A MeV58,64Ni＋9 Be projectile fragmentation reactions are calculated by using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics （AMD） model, the modified statistical abrasion...The cross sections of fragments produced in the 140 A MeV58,64Ni＋9 Be projectile fragmentation reactions are calculated by using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics （AMD） model, the modified statistical abrasion- ablation （SAA） model, and the empirical EPAX2/EPAX3 formulae. The Gogny-gO interaction is taken as the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in the AMD calculation, and the decays of fragments obtained from the AMD results are calculated by using the GEMINI code. The calculated cross sections of fragments are compared.展开更多
This paper proposes and examines four basic organizational modes of production fragmentation＇in manufacturing industries based on three case studies. Our study shows that manufacturing enterprises weigh technology an...This paper proposes and examines four basic organizational modes of production fragmentation＇in manufacturing industries based on three case studies. Our study shows that manufacturing enterprises weigh technology and cost against the intensity of market competition in their choice of mode and the corresponding extent of production fragmentation, in industries where competition is less intense, enterprises prioritize technology concern and are inclined to choose an internally integrated organizational mode, characterized by independent investment in building their own manufacturing plants. In industries where competition is more intense, enterprises prioritize cost concern and are inclined to adopt an outsourcing-based organizational mode, characterized by maximizing the usage of third-party facilities. In sum, more intense competition prompts enterprises to seek efficiency by relying on a broader range of manufacturing locations, suppliers, and partners and, thus, to adopt more open organizational modes. We argue that a deeper understanding of how enterprises select organizational modes, combined with strategic policy aimed at promoting openness in manufacturing industries, will enhance the role of China＇s industries in the global production chain.展开更多
As the global economy has become further integrated, the international production chain has become more sophisticated, with diversified stages of production located in different countries. Economic theorists have argu...As the global economy has become further integrated, the international production chain has become more sophisticated, with diversified stages of production located in different countries. Economic theorists have argued that the fragmentation of the global production chain is partly attributable to the high growth in international trade over the past several decades. In this study, we examine vertical specialization in China, Japan and Korea, and its contribution to these nations＇ trade. Using a multilevel model, it is illustrated that vertical specialization has encouraged increases in trade among all three countries. In particular, China ＇s outcome is remarkable considering how recently it became a member of the WTO.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province under Grant No13HASTIT046
文摘The cross sections of fragments produced in the 140 A MeV58,64Ni＋9 Be projectile fragmentation reactions are calculated by using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics （AMD） model, the modified statistical abrasion- ablation （SAA） model, and the empirical EPAX2/EPAX3 formulae. The Gogny-gO interaction is taken as the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in the AMD calculation, and the decays of fragments obtained from the AMD results are calculated by using the GEMINI code. The calculated cross sections of fragments are compared.
文摘This paper proposes and examines four basic organizational modes of production fragmentation＇in manufacturing industries based on three case studies. Our study shows that manufacturing enterprises weigh technology and cost against the intensity of market competition in their choice of mode and the corresponding extent of production fragmentation, in industries where competition is less intense, enterprises prioritize technology concern and are inclined to choose an internally integrated organizational mode, characterized by independent investment in building their own manufacturing plants. In industries where competition is more intense, enterprises prioritize cost concern and are inclined to adopt an outsourcing-based organizational mode, characterized by maximizing the usage of third-party facilities. In sum, more intense competition prompts enterprises to seek efficiency by relying on a broader range of manufacturing locations, suppliers, and partners and, thus, to adopt more open organizational modes. We argue that a deeper understanding of how enterprises select organizational modes, combined with strategic policy aimed at promoting openness in manufacturing industries, will enhance the role of China＇s industries in the global production chain.
基金supported by a National R esearch Foundation of Korea grant founded by the Korean Governmenl(NRF-2010-327-B00342)
文摘As the global economy has become further integrated, the international production chain has become more sophisticated, with diversified stages of production located in different countries. Economic theorists have argued that the fragmentation of the global production chain is partly attributable to the high growth in international trade over the past several decades. In this study, we examine vertical specialization in China, Japan and Korea, and its contribution to these nations＇ trade. Using a multilevel model, it is illustrated that vertical specialization has encouraged increases in trade among all three countries. In particular, China ＇s outcome is remarkable considering how recently it became a member of the WTO.
