Development of a frailty scale for elderly people in China

Objective：The aim of this study was to develop a frailty scale for the elderly in China and to examine its reliability and validity.Methods：The method of convenient sampling was used to select 375 elderly individuals in different communities of Tianjin,China.EuroQpl-5D was used to evaluate the criterion validity.Cronbach＇s αcoefficients,correlation analysis,exploratory factor analysis,criterion-related validity,and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.To evaluate the test—retest reliability,30 old people were re-evaluated after 2 weeks.Results：The final version of the frailty scale（FI-35） consisted of 35 items.Eleven factors were extracted by a principal factor analysis and varimax rotation,with a cumulative contribution of 86.00%.Eleven dimensions were positively correlated（r = 0.130-0.541,P 〈 0.01）.Cronbach＇s α coefficient was 0.952,and the alpha coefficients of 11 dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.992.The test-retest reliability was0.874 for the total scale.The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.808.Structural equation modeling was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis,and various parameters were all acceptable.Conclusions：FI-35 met the requirement of scale development and showed good reliability and validity;thus,it can be used as an efficient frailty measurement tool for Chinese elderly.

A Scale of Parental Anxiety about Pediatric Emergency Medical Care Services of Japan: Development, Reliability, Validity, Generalizability and Usefulness

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale, “parental anxiety about pediatric emergency medical care services” (PAPEMCS), and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Participants were 14,510 parents with children 6 years old or younger in Kagawa Prefecture. Using each half of the participants, exploratory factor analysis was performed to generate items and factors for the PAPEMCS, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to establish the construct validity. The generalizability of the PAPEMCS was evaluated by congruence tests and multigroup CFA. The usefulness of the PAPEMCS was established by the relationship between the PAPEMCS and non-urgent usage of pediatric emergency medical care services (PEMCS). Results: The PAPEMCS compromised 4 factors: “anxiety about quality of PEMCS”, “anxiety about PEMCS system”, “anxiety about public support”, and “anxiety about private support”. All reliability estimates (polychoric ordinal alpha coefficients, item-rest correlations), the item discrimination, 5 fit indices for CFA, the convergent validity (indicator reliabilities, composite reliabilities, average variance extracteds), and the discriminant validity fulfilled the acceptability thresholds. All generalizability estimates fulfilled the predetermined levels of acceptability (Tucker’s congruence coefficients, congruence tests, strict factorial invariance). The usefulness of the PAPEMCS was established by the higher scores of the PAPEMCS being related to non-urgent usage of PEMCS. Conclusions: The PAPEMCS demonstrated satisfactory reliability, validity, generalizability and usefulness. The PAPEMCS is useful to quantify the contents and extent of parental anxiety about PEMCS, and to clarify the mechanisms of non-urgent PEMCS usage.

Cost Climate Survey Scale in Construction:Development and Empirical Research

To develop the cost climate survey scale( CCSS) used in construction enterprises,the design concepts,principles and the process diagrams of CCSS are proposed.Through questionnaire investigation and expert interviews,314 projects are established and the CCSS that is made up of 7 dimensions framework and 30 levels is preliminarily determined.After categorized merger,pre-test analysis and multiple items refining,16 projects of CCSS are eventually compiled.In order to verify the credibility and validity of the CCSS,200 employees in Qinhuangdao construction company as the samples are tested.SPSS 21.0 is used to analyze the reliability,validity and rationality of level divisions,and Amos 22.0 is for analyzing the degree of model adaptation in this survey.Finally,the current cost climate situation of the construction site in the company is evaluated,the deficiencies of the cost culture of the construction site are pointed out.This study shows that strengthening the cost knowledge training has a significant positive effect on the cost climate cognition of the employees.Nevertheless,accumulation of work experience has a dual impact on that.The CCSS is not only an important foundation for the cost climate research and its theoretical development,but also the premise of the cost climate quantitative research.An appropriate CCSS,to some extent,can reflect the cognitive level of all kinds of employees in one enterprise and cost savings degree of the enterprise in a certain time.The development of CCSS reflects the originality and interactivity,and fills a blank of the CCSS in construction,which is considered to be an effective tool for cost climate research in construction.

Comparison of three kinds of frailty screening instruments in the elderly with diabetes mellitus

Purpose:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Frailty Phenotype(FP),Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI)and Frail Scale(FS)in elderly diabetic patients,and to provide a scientific basis for selecting appropriate frailty screening instruments for medical staff.Design:A cross-sectional study.Participants and Methods:A convenience sample of 169 elderly diabetic patients was selected from a diabetes special hospital in Tianjin,China.We assessed the reliability and validity of the full FP,TFI and FS as well as their domains.The structural validity of the scale was tested by Spearman correlation analysis of items,dimensions and total scores of scales.The predictive validity of FP,TFI and FS was evaluated by calculating the correlation coefficient between the total scores of FP,TFI and FS and the scores of diabetes specific quality of life scale(QSDL).We assessed the test-retest reliability of 17 elderly diabetic patients twice.Results:A total of 169 patients were included,with a mean age 66.53±7.24 years,and 53.8%were female.The prevalence of frailty was 23.1%according to FP,38.5%according to FS and 78.7%according to TFI with a mean score 6.86±3.05.The test-retest reliability of FP,TFI and FS were 0.915,0.942 and 0.956 respectively.The correlation coefficients between each item or dimension and its total frailty score were r=0.293~0.618,0.174~0.753 and 0.255~0.706 respectively(P<0.01).The total scores of the three frailty screening instruments were the strongest correlation with the physiological dimension of DSQL and the worst correlation of social relations.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for predicting the decline of quality of life of diabetic patients was 0.805,0.500 and 0.816,respectively.Conclusion:The test-retest reliability of FP,TFI and FS is good and the structural validity of TFI and the ability of predicting the decline of quality of life are better than those of FP and FS.Therefore,compared with the other two scales,the TFI is a reliable and valid instrument to assess frailty in elderly diabetic patients.

国家卫生城市主观建成环境满意度评价量表的编制及信效度评价

目的初步编制国家卫生城市主观建成环境满意度评价量表,并进行信度和效度评价。方法基于政策梳理、专家咨询确定量表的初始条目,通过居民个人访谈结合统计分析方法确定量表的最终条目,利用探索性因子分析主成分分析确定量表的维度,最后使用克朗巴赫系数和分半系数以及验证性因子分析对量表进行信度和效度评价。结果本研究建立了包括20个条目的4维度量表,分别代表城市生活方式、城市基础功能、城市环境卫生和城市治理四个方面的评价。问卷的克朗巴赫系数为0.910,分半系数为0.851;验证性因子分析结果显示各检验量均处于标准范围。结论本研究初步编制的国家卫生城市建成环境满意度评价量表信度和效度良好,应开展量表在人群中的实证研究,进一步验证量表的实际应用价值。

妊娠相关静脉血栓风险评估量表的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制适合我国孕产妇妊娠相关静脉血栓风险的评估量表,并验证其信效度。方法:通过文献研究法和2轮专家函询形成预试量表。选取202名孕产妇进行调查,对预试量表进行项目分析和信效度检验。结果:妊娠相关静脉血栓风险评估量表包含非手术相关因素、血液相关因素、手术相关因素、妊娠相关因素、人工辅助生殖5个维度,共16个条目,探索性因子分析共提取6个公因子,累计方差贡献率为60.832%,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.836,总量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.852,2周后重测信度为0.920。结论:编制的妊娠相关静脉血栓风险评估量表具有良好的信效度,可有效评估孕产妇妊娠相关静脉血栓的风险。

脑卒中患者营养风险筛查工具的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制适用于脑卒中患者的营养风险筛查工具并对其信效度进行检验,为临床评估脑卒中患者潜在营养风险提供参考。方法:通过文献归纳总结、研究小组讨论和德尔菲法专家函询编制脑卒中患者营养风险评估量表。采用便利抽样法,选取2022年6月—2023年4月于安阳市人民医院住院的170例脑卒中患者作为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,并对量表的信效度进行检验。结果:脑卒中患者营养风险评估量表内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.925,各条目内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.841~1.000。经探索性因子分析共提取出营养状态、认知水平、行为能力及知识获取4个公因子,其共解释方差变异值为55.897%。量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.819,各维度Cronbach’s α系数为0.798~0.856,重测信度为r=0.716,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:编制的脑卒中患者营养风险评估量表具备较好的信效度,可以较为全面地评估脑卒中患者营养风险。

有自杀意念大学生自杀结果预期思考量表的编制

目的:编制适用于有自杀意念大学生的自杀结果预期思考量表(SOSUSI),并检验其效度和信度。方法:基于半结构式访谈、文献研究、专家讨论确定理论结构和指标体系编制初始量表。选取有自杀意念的大学生607人,将其随机分半,一半(n=317)用于条目分析和探索性因子分析,另一半(n=290)用于验证性因子分析。以抑郁自评量表(SDS)和自杀意图(SI)评估条目作为效标工具。结果:SOSUSI共39个条目,包括自杀的负强化、自杀的负面结果、自杀的损失、自杀的正强化4个维度,累积解释总方差的50.10%。验证性因子分析表明4因子模型拟合良好(χ^(2)/df=3.27,CFI=0.92,TLI=0.91,IFI=0.92,SRMR=0.09)。SOSUSI自杀负强化和自杀正强化得分与SDS和SI得分正相关(ICC=0.15~0.33,P <0.05或P <0.001),自杀负面结果和自杀损失得分与SI得分负相关(ICC=-0.42~-0.56,均P<0.05)。SOSUSI 4个维度的Cronbachα系数在0.79~0.91之间。结论:有自杀意念大学生自杀结果预期思考量表具有较好的效度和内部一致性信度。

手机依赖高风险人群筛查量表的编制及性能测试

目的:编制中文简短手机依赖问卷(SPDQ),为手机依赖的群体筛查和公共卫生人群监测提供工具。方法:采用同组研究设计获得221名大学生4次测量数据。内部一致性信度(Cronbach′α)和重测信度(ICC)系数分析问卷信度,探索性和验证性因子分析确定问卷效度,ROC分析确定判断手机依赖的临界值。结果:SPDQ由7个条目构成,具有较高的内部一致性、重测信度与良好的结构效度和效标效度。问卷包含两因子模型,包括认知/心理依赖和行为依赖。验证性因子分析设定所有题目为依赖表现,4次测量χ^(2)值分别为15.23,11.54,13.60和14.11,P均大于0.05。以简短智能手机依赖指数量表(SPAI-SF)为金标准,确定4/5为SPDQ筛查分界值。结论:本研究编制的SPDQ符合心理测量学标准,可作为手机依赖潜在风险人群的筛查工具。

青少年负性认知加工偏向问卷研制及应用

目的 编制适合青少年的负性认知加工偏向问卷并检验其信效度;应用该量表分析青少年负性认知加工偏向特点。方法 以成人版负性认知加工偏向问卷为基础,根据文献分析和专家访谈结果建构理论模型,并参考中小学教师的意见编制适合青少年理解的负性认知加工偏向问卷。对5 794名青少年进行调查,并随机分为样本1(n=2 897)和样本2(n=2 897),样本1数据进行项目分析、探索性因素分析,样本2数据进行验证性因素分析。最后运用5 794人的整体数据进行信度检验。针对青少年负性认知加工偏向现状使用描述统计、独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析进行分析。结果 (1)青少年负性认知加工偏向问卷共14个条目,包括负性注意偏向、负性记忆偏向、负性解释偏向3个因子。(2) 3因素模型拟合良好(RMSEA=0.052,SRMR=0.028,CFI=0.957,TLI=0.947);Cronbach α系数为0.883,McDonald’sω系数为0.884,分半信度系数为0.849,与抑郁自评量表的校标效度为0.494 (P<0.01);各因素与总分之间呈显著正相关(r为0.707~0.941,P<0.01)。(3)发现我国青少年负性认知加工偏向较高,在性别等人口学变量上差异具有统计学意义。结论 青少年负性认知加工偏向问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为青少年负性认知加工偏向的测评工具。

成人癌症生存者延续护理服务需求量表编制及信效度检验

目的编制成人癌症生存者延续护理服务需求量表,并检验其信效度。方法以新人本主义需要理论为指导,通过回顾文献、进行半结构式访谈及Delphi专家函询、预调查形成量表初稿。2022年6月选取云南省、四川省、河南省、河北省、辽宁省7所三级甲等医院531例患者对量表进行项目分析及探索性因子分析,形成正式量表;2022年8月选取浙江省、云南省、河南省、辽宁省6所三级甲等医院784例患者正式调查,评价量表的信度和效度。结果成人癌症生存者延续护理服务需求量表包括症状控制/缓解需求、健康服务需求、情感心理需求及家庭/社会支持需求4个维度,25个条目。量表总的内容效度为0.940,各条目内容效度为0.875~1;探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,累计方差贡献率为64.619%。验证性因子分析量表模型适配度良好;聚敛效度理想,各维度平均方差提取量(AVE)均>0.5,组合信度(CR)均>0.8;量表区分效度理想,各维度间有显著相关性(P<0.01),相关性系数均小于所对应的AVE平方根。量表Cronbach'sα系数为0.945,折半信度为0.867,重测信度为0.726。结论成人癌症生存者延续护理服务需求量表具有良好的信效度,可作为成人癌症生存者延续护理服务需求的测量工具。

青少年自杀态度量表编制及信效度检验

目的 编制青少年自杀态度量表并检验其效度和信度。方法 通过文献分析法、深度访谈法和专家评定法拟定出预测量表,随机选取220名青少年进行预测验,通过项目分析和探索性因素分析确立正式量表,另选取900名青少年正式施测进行信效度检验。结果 编制的青少年自杀态度量表包含20个项目,5个维度,各项目负荷在0.5~0.92之间,5个维度能解释总变异的60.49%。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.855,各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.528~0.889,分半信度检验得到的Spearman-Brown系数为0.787;验证性因素分析结果显示,五因素模型拟合良好(χ^(2)/df=1.826,RMSEA=0.062,IFI=0.917,CFI=0.916,TLI=0.900),有自杀风险组被试在总分及各维度上得分均低于无自杀风险组(P<0.01)。结论 青少年自杀态度量表具有较好的效度和信度,可以作为青少年自杀态度的评估工具。

居家肺康复专科护理核心能力量表的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制居家肺康复专科护理核心能力量表并检验其信效度,为肺康复护理人才的培养提供借鉴。方法 2023年9—11月,采用文献分析法、小组讨论法、专家咨询法及预调查构建初始版量表,便利选取安徽省阜阳市3家医院的呼吸科、康复科护士进行问卷调查,即居家肺康复专科护理核心能力量表,而后对量表进行项目分析及信效度检验。结果 共回收284份问卷,探索性因子分析共提取7个公因子,累计方差贡献率为71.623%。居家肺康复专科护理核心能力量表包括7个维度,共48个条目,即肺康复评估、肺康复锻炼指导、健康教育、协调沟通能力、循证理念指导临床实践、延续性护理能力、实施远程医疗能力。量表的各条目水平的内容效度指数为0.81~0.98,量表水平的内容效度指数为0.83。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.847,量表的折半信度为0.844,量表总的重测信度为0.893。结论 居家肺康复专科护理核心能力量表的编制过程中采取文献分析、小组讨论、专家咨询等方法,科学、规范,具有良好的信效度,可为呼吸科护士评估岗位胜任力提供客观的量化依据。

医用评估量表的信效度评价方法

信效度检验是量表编制或汉化量表投入正式应用前的最后一步,能有效地测试量表的题目是否可以反映真实的被测量的理论变量的水平,并反映量表是否有效地测定到本身所打算测定的内容。本文从量表的信效度评价的方法入手,介绍信度评价指标(重测信度、分半信度、克朗巴赫α系数)和效度评价指标(内容效度、效标关联效度、结构效度)的定义和计算方式,并以汉化版《医患共享决策问卷》(SDM-Q-Doc)在医疗美容领域应用的信度与效度评价为例,进行SPSS统计学软件操作演示,以期为研究者编制量表或汉化量表后进行信效度评价时提供参考。

患者安全文化测评量表研制及信效度检验

目的研制三级综合医院患者安全文化测评量表并检验其信效度。方法以Vincent患者安全分析框架为主体架构,充分借鉴患者安全文化测评量表(VAPSCQ)中的优点,并结合我国患者安全文化发展实际,通过德尔菲法形成测评量表。于2023年3月便利选取南京市某三级综合医院420名护理人员进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 26.0软件对调查结果进行统计分析和信效度检验。结果三级综合医院患者安全文化测评量表包括10个维度、52个条目。探索性因子分析共提取10个公因子,解释了总变量的69.865%。量表总体Cronbach'sα系数为0.920,平均内容效度指数为0.980。结论三级综合医院患者安全文化测评量表具有较好的信效度,可用于测评我国三级综合医院患者安全文化水平。

民航飞行员冒险倾向性人格量表的编制

目的:编制适合我国民航飞行员的冒险倾向人格量表(RTPS),并检验其信效度。方法:通过文献分析和半结构式访谈构建理论结构和指标体系,编制初始量表。对试测的432名民航飞行员问卷数据进行统计分析,因子分析验证理论模型并确定RTPS正式量表。结果:RTPS共18个项目,包括(驾驶)感觉寻求、愤怒和敌意、攻击性、开放性4个因子,累计解释方差的62.36%。验证性因子分析表明,双因子结构更能解释问卷结构(χ^(2)/df=1.52,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.05,TLI=0.96,CFI=0.97,IFI=0.94)。整体量表的Conbach’α系数为0.89。校标关联效度分析显示,飞行员冒险倾向与风险容忍呈显著正相关。结论:民航飞行员冒险倾向人格量表信效度良好,为识别、预测和评估飞行员的冒险倾向提供了可靠的测量工具。

新课标下我国青少年运动乐趣来源量表的编制

国外运动乐趣来源量表研究起始于Scanlan等构建的四象限模型,学者们依据该模型围绕运动员和学生两大群体进行量表编制。受制于国内外体育文化、环境等差异,国外的运动乐趣来源测量工具并不完全适用于我国研究。为了解我国青少年运动乐趣来源,采用文献资料法、德尔菲法等研究方法,以540名7~18岁学生为调查对象,编制适用于我国的《青少年运动乐趣来源量表》。结果:1)该量表共包含自我参照能力、活动过程体验、他人参照能力、同伴关系、父母支持、师生互动6个维度、24个题项;2)量表拟合指数良好(χ^(2)/df=1.843,GFI、NFI等均大于0.9,RMSEA=0.043);3)量表内部一致性信度、分半信度、重测信度分别为0.96、0.91、0.95。结论:1)我国青少年运动乐趣来源量表的编制和应用是了解青少年运动乐趣来源、提升其运动乐趣、践行新课标的先导性条件。2)该量表契合Scanlan等的四象限模型,较为全面地反映了我国青少年的运动乐趣来源。3)该量表对7~18岁青少年学生群体的测量均具有良好的信效度,符合心理测量标准,可以作为我国青少年运动乐趣来源的测量工具。

社会衰弱指数量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的引进社会衰弱指数量表,检验其信效度,为我国老年人社会衰弱筛查提供有效工具。方法按照文化调适指南对量表进行直译、回译、文化调适及预测试后形成中文版社会衰弱指数量表,调查349名社区老年人,分析其信效度。结果中文版社会衰弱指数量表条目水平的内容效度指数为0.880~1.000,量表水平的内容效度指数为0.908;探索性因子分析共提取2个公因子,累积方差贡献率为70.875%;验证性因子分析显示,χ^(2)/df=1.870、CFI=0.992、TLI=0.984、AGFI=0.957、RMSEA=0.050。量表总体Cronbach′sα系数为0.820,分半信度为0.719,重测信度为0.958。结论中文版社会衰弱指数量表有良好的信效度,适用于筛查中国老年人的社会衰弱。