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Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge
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作者 Xilong Zheng Qiong Wang Di Guan 《Structural Durability & Health Monitoring》 EI 2024年第3期361-376,共16页
The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation ... The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 Continuous rigid frame bridge REHABILITATION long-term monitoring field load test safety standard determination
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Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data
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作者 Yinghua Li Junyong He +1 位作者 Xiaoqing Zeng Yanxing Tang 《Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research》 2023年第3期31-40,共10页
The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming... The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration. 展开更多
关键词 Long-span continuous rigid frame bridge Rain flow counting method Fatigue performance Health monitoring system Strain monitoring data
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Experimental investigation on seismic performance of rigid frame tied-arch bridge with split-piers 被引量:3
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作者 丁文胜 吕志涛 +2 位作者 刘钊 臧华 李国亮 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2006年第4期534-538,共5页
A novel seismic design method, namely split-pier seismic design, is proposed. A vertical gap and connect elements are set in split-piers. The lateral stiffness of piers is reduced by cracking of the connect elements u... A novel seismic design method, namely split-pier seismic design, is proposed. A vertical gap and connect elements are set in split-piers. The lateral stiffness of piers is reduced by cracking of the connect elements under severe earthquake, and the seismic response of bridges is reduced by avoiding the site predominant periods. A model of tied-arch rigid frame bridge with split-piers was designed. Seismic performance was investigated by pseudo-static experimentation on the scale model, The failure process of split-piers, the hysteresis characteristic and the effect of split-piers on the superstructure are presented. Results show that the split-pier has better seismic performance than common ductile piers do. 展开更多
关键词 seismic design split-pier PIER rigid frame tied-arch bridge seismic performance
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Load Test Analysis and Research on Long-Span Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge
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作者 Lin Nan Yan Liu +3 位作者 Guangjun Li Yingying Ye Shuguo Wang Qiang Yang 《Journal of Architectural Research and Development》 2023年第2期53-58,共6页
Based on the as-built load test of a large bridge,this paper introduces the procedure of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge load test.Numerical analysis of the bridge was carried out by simulating ... Based on the as-built load test of a large bridge,this paper introduces the procedure of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge load test.Numerical analysis of the bridge was carried out by simulating and establishing a finite element model,and comparative analysis was carried out with the measured values.The results show that the calculated values were basically consistent with the measured values,which showed that the establishment method of the model was reasonable,and the mechanical performance of the bridge met the service requirements of the designed live load. 展开更多
关键词 BRIDGE Continuous rigid frame Load test
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Vibration analysis of maglev three-span rigid frame bridge considering magnetic force
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作者 滕延锋 滕念管 寇新建 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2007年第4期571-576,共6页
The dynamic interaction between the maglev vehicle and the three-span rigid frame bridge is discussed. With the consideration of magnetic force, the interaction model is developed. Numerical simulations are performed ... The dynamic interaction between the maglev vehicle and the three-span rigid frame bridge is discussed. With the consideration of magnetic force, the interaction model is developed. Numerical simulations are performed to study the dynamic characteristics of the bridge during vehicle movement along the bridge. The results show that a reasonable value of the linear stiffness ratio of columns to beams is between 2. 0 and 3.0. The dynamic responses of the bridge are aggravated with the decrease in bending rigidity and the increase in vehicle speed and the span ratio of the bridge. It is suggested that a definite way is to control impact coefficients and acceleration in the dynamic design of the bridge. It is unsuitable to adopt the moving load model and the moving mass model in the design. The proposed results can serve in the design of high-speed maglev three-span rigid frame bridges. 展开更多
关键词 maglev transportation system three-span rigid frame bridge vertical vibration magnetic force control system
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Seismic response analysis of continuous rigid frame bridge considering canyon topography effects under incident SV waves 被引量:8
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作者 Guoliang Zhou Xiaojun Li Xingjun Qi 《Earthquake Science》 CSCD 2010年第1期53-61,共9页
To evaluate the importance of the canyon topography effects on large structures, based on a rigid frame bridge across a 137-m-deep and 600-m-wide canyon, the seismic response of the canyon site is analyzed using a two... To evaluate the importance of the canyon topography effects on large structures, based on a rigid frame bridge across a 137-m-deep and 600-m-wide canyon, the seismic response of the canyon site is analyzed using a two-dimensional finite element model under different seismic SV waves with the assumptions of vertical incidence and oblique incidence to obtain the ground motions, which are used as the excitation input on the pier foundations of the bridge with improved large mass method. The results indicate that canyon topography has significant influences on the ground motions in terms of inci- dent angle. The peak ground acceleration values vary greatly from the bottom of the canyon to the upper comers. Under ver- tical incident SV waves, at the upper comers of canyon the peak ground accelerations greatly increase; whereas the peak ground accelerations diminish at the bottom comers of canyon. Under oblique incident SV waves, the shaking of the canyon slope perpendicular to the incidence direction is much more severe than that of the opposite side of canyon. And the ground surface has been characterized by larger deformations in the case of oblique incident waves. It is also concluded that the low piers and frame of the continuous rigid frame bridge ape more sensitive to the multi-support seismic excitations than the flexible high piers. The canyon topography as well as the oblique incidence of the waves brings the continuous rigid frame bridge severe responses, which should be taken into account in bridge design. 展开更多
关键词 rigid frame bridge canyon topography effect multi-support excitation improved large-mass method seismic response
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Numerical evaluation of buckling behavior in space structure considering geometrical parameters with joint rigidity 被引量:7
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作者 Su-Deok Shon Kyung-Ju Hwang Seung-Jae Lee 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第3期1115-1124,共10页
The buckling behavior of single layer space structure is very sensitive. The joint rigidity, moreover, is one of the main factors of stability which may determine the entire failure behavior. Thus, the reasonable stif... The buckling behavior of single layer space structure is very sensitive. The joint rigidity, moreover, is one of the main factors of stability which may determine the entire failure behavior. Thus, the reasonable stiffness of joint system, which is neither total pin assumption nor perfect fix condition, is very important to apply to the real single layer space one. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the buckling behavior of single layer space structure, using the development of the upgraded stiffness matrix for the joint rigidity. To derive tangential stiffness matrix, a displacement function was assumed using translational and rotational displacement at the node. The geometrical nonlinear analysis was simulated not only with perfect model but also with imperfect one. As a result, the one and two free nodal numerical models were investigated using derived stiffness matrix. It was figured out that the buckling load increases in proportion to joint rigidity with rise-span ratio. The stability of numerical model is very sensitive with the initial imperfection, responding of bifurcation in the structure. 展开更多
关键词 space frame geometric nonlinearity SNAP-THROUGH BIFURCATION initial imperfection joint rigidity
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Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Long Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin Wall High Piers 被引量:3
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作者 LiLi PengYuancheng LongXiaohong LiaoPing 《Journal of China University of Geosciences》 SCIE CSCD 2005年第1期72-78,共7页
By utilizing the current finite element program ANSYS, two types of finite element models (FEM), the beam model (BM) and shell model (SM), are established for the nonlinear stability analysis of a practical rigid fram... By utilizing the current finite element program ANSYS, two types of finite element models (FEM), the beam model (BM) and shell model (SM), are established for the nonlinear stability analysis of a practical rigid frame bridge—Longtanhe Great Bridge. In these analyses, geometrical and material nonlinearities are simultaneously taken into account. For geometrical nonlinearity, updated Lagrangian formulations are adopted to derive the tangent stiffness matrix. In order to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the plastic hinge of the piers, the multi lines spring element COMBIN39 is used in the SM while the bilinear rotational spring element COMBIN40 is employed in the BM. Numerical calculations show that satisfying results can be obtained in the stability analysis of the bridge when the double coupling nonlinearity effects are considered. In addition, the conclusion is significant for practical engineering. 展开更多
关键词 thin wall high pier rigid frame bridge finite element analysis nonlinear stability.
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RIGID-PLASTIC/RIGID-VISCOPLASTIC FEM BASED ON LINEAR PROGRAMMING—THEORETICAL MODELING AND APPLICATION FOR AXISYMMETRICAL PROBLEMS 被引量:1
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作者 Xu Weili Shi Xiangchen Lin Zhongqin School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University Peter Thomson Di Senglin Australia Monash University Australia University of Technology 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2001年第2期184-188,共5页
Compared with the traditional rigid plastic/rigid viscoplastic(RP/RVP) FEM(based on iteration solution),RP/RVP FEM based on linear programming (LP) has some remarkable advantages,such as it's free of convergence... Compared with the traditional rigid plastic/rigid viscoplastic(RP/RVP) FEM(based on iteration solution),RP/RVP FEM based on linear programming (LP) has some remarkable advantages,such as it's free of convergence problem and its convenience in contact,rigid zone,and friction force treatment.The numerical model of RP/RVP FEM based on LP for axisymmetrical metal forming simulation is studied,and some related key factors and its treatment methods in formulation of constraint condition are proposed.Some solution examples are provided to validate its accuracy and efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 RIGID plastic/rigid VISCOPLASTIC fem Contact treatment Linear programming
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Stability Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin-Wall Pier 被引量:1
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作者 何波 史雅楠 +2 位作者 朱宏平 郭文增 陈勇 《Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(English Edition)》 2008年第3期247-253,共7页
During cantilever cast in construction of high-pier and large-span continuous rigid frame bridges, structural stability in the longest cantilevered stage is very important. Based on a practical design case of a large-... During cantilever cast in construction of high-pier and large-span continuous rigid frame bridges, structural stability in the longest cantilevered stage is very important. Based on a practical design case of a large-span continuous rigid frame bridge in Wuhan, the longest span stability coefficient is calculated with linear-buckling and nonlinear-buckling methods, respectively. The influences of both geometrical nonlinearity and the dual nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear solution is necessary to stability analysis because linear buckling loads are much higher than those of nonlinear buckling. Thus, the edge fiber yield criterion is more convenient and faster than ultimate loading criterion when estimating nonlinear stability of structure, and can be used easily in the initial engineering design. 展开更多
关键词 Continuous rigid frame bridge STABILITY Nonlinear buckling Edge fiber yield criterion
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Prediction and mitigation analysis of ground vibration caused by running high-speed trains on rigid-frame viaducts 被引量:9
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作者 Liangming Sun Weiping Xie +1 位作者 Xingwen He Toshiro Hayashikawa 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第1期31-47,共17页
In this study a 3D numerical analysis approach is developed to predict the ground vibration around rigid-frame viaducts induced by running high-speed trains. The train-bridge-ground interaction system is divided into ... In this study a 3D numerical analysis approach is developed to predict the ground vibration around rigid-frame viaducts induced by running high-speed trains. The train-bridge-ground interaction system is divided into two subsystems: the train-bridge interaction and the soil-structure interaction. First, the analytical program to simulate bridge vibration with consideration of train-bridge interaction is developed to obtain the vibration reaction forces at the pier bottoms. The high- speed train is described by a multi-DOFs vibration system and the rigid-frame viaduct is modeled with 3D beam elements. Second, applying these vibration reaction forces as input external excitations, the ground vibration is simulated by using a general-purpose program that includes soil-structure interaction effects. The validity of the analytical procedure is confirmed by comparing analytical and experimental results. The characteristics of high-speed train-induced vibrations, including the location of predominant vibration, are clarified. Based on this information a proposed vibration countermeasure using steel strut and new barrier is found effective in reducing train-induced vibrations and it satisfies environmental vibration requirements. The vibration screening efficiency is evaluated by reduction VAL based on 1/3 octave band spectral analysis. 展开更多
关键词 ground vibration rigid-frame viaduct train-bridge interaction vibration countermeasure reduction VAL
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COUPLED THERMO MECHANICAL FEM ANALYSIS OF TWIST COMPRESSION DEFORMATION PROCESS 被引量:3
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作者 Xue Kemin Zhang Zhengrong +1 位作者 Xia Yongjiang Lu Yan 《中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版》 CSCD 1997年第4期103-107,共5页
3-D rigid-viscoplastic FEM of compressible materials was applied to analyze the deformation behavior during twist compression forming of axisymmetrical body at high temperatures. When calculating the temperature fiel... 3-D rigid-viscoplastic FEM of compressible materials was applied to analyze the deformation behavior during twist compression forming of axisymmetrical body at high temperatures. When calculating the temperature fields, considering the thermo mechanical coupling effect between temperature and deformation, 2-D FEM and CNG methods were adopted, and the up winding technique was used to avoid the influences of numerical instability on calculated results. 展开更多
关键词 twist-compression rigid-viscoplastic fem thermo mechanical coupling
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FEM Simulation of Effect of Process Parameters on Static Recrystallization in 60SiMnA Spring Steel 被引量:2
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作者 JiaheAI TongchunZHAO +1 位作者 HuijuGAO XishanXIE 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2004年第3期257-260,共4页
Two-dimensional rigid-plastic finite element method (FEM) was used for simulation of the effect of process parameterson the static recrystallization of 60SiMnA spring steel using MARC/AutoForge 3.1 software. A thermo-... Two-dimensional rigid-plastic finite element method (FEM) was used for simulation of the effect of process parameterson the static recrystallization of 60SiMnA spring steel using MARC/AutoForge 3.1 software. A thermo-mechanicalcoupled analysis was conducted considering the heat transfer between the workpiece, the roll and the environment,and the heat generation due to plastic work. The static recrystallization laws under different processing conditionsand the predicted distribution of the static recrystallization volume fraction on the deformation cross section arepresented. 展开更多
关键词 60Si2MnA spring steel Rigid-plastic fem Thermo-mechanical coupling Static recrystallization
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Seismic analysis of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges in cold regions:a case study of Bridge 1 in north of international tourism resort in Changbai Mountain 被引量:1
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作者 YIN Xiao WU Di 《Global Geology》 2015年第2期117-121,共5页
It is helpful to improve the seismic design theory of long-span continuous bridges for studying the seismic performance of each cantilever construction state.Taking the Bridge 1 in the north of Changbai-Mountain inter... It is helpful to improve the seismic design theory of long-span continuous bridges for studying the seismic performance of each cantilever construction state.Taking the Bridge 1 in the north of Changbai-Mountain international tourism resort as an example,the authors studied it in shutdown phase and the cantilever construction process,established the simulation model by using Midas / civil,and analyzed time-history of each construction stage for the bridge.The study shows that long-span bridge cantilever construction in northeastern China can be divided into two-year tasks for construction(suspending in winter).It is needed to think about seismic stability of the cantilever position in shut-down phase of winter.The effect of longitudinal vibration is the most disadvantageous influence to bridge,and its calculation results can provide reference for seismic design of similar bridges in the future. 展开更多
关键词 long-span continuous rigid frame bridge TIME-HISTORY seismic analysis cold region
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Time-varying Reliability Analysis of Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame bridge under Cantilever Construction Stage based on the Monitored Strain Data 被引量:1
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作者 Yinghua Li Kesheng Peng +1 位作者 Lurong Cai Junyong He 《Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research》 2020年第1期5-16,共12页
In general,the material properties,loads,resistance of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge in different construction stages are time-varying.So,it is essential to monitor the internal force state wh... In general,the material properties,loads,resistance of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge in different construction stages are time-varying.So,it is essential to monitor the internal force state when the bridge is in construction.Among them,how to assess the safety is one of the challenges.As the continuous monitoring over a long-term period can increase the reliability of the assessment,so,based on a large number of monitored strain data collected from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)during construction,a calculation method of the punctiform time-varying reliability is proposed in this paper to evaluate the stress state of this type bridge in cantilever construction stage by using the basic reliability theory.At the same time,the optimal stress distribution function in the bridge mid-span base plate is determined when the bridge is closed.This method can provide basis and direction for the internal force control of this type bridge in construction process.So,it can reduce the bridge safety and quality accidents in construction stages. 展开更多
关键词 Continuous rigid frame bridge Structural health monitoring Construction stage Punctiform time-varying reliability Strain data preprocessing
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RPFEM在正交切削分析中的应用研究
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作者 李言 朱江新 +2 位作者 肖继明 李淑娟 李鹏阳 《应用科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第3期311-315,共5页
针对典型的正交切削工艺过程,采用分析静态大变形过程的Lagrange描述法,建立了基于平面应变假设的正交切削过程的刚塑性有限元(RPFEM)分析模型;自行开发了模拟切削变形过程的刚塑性有限元分析程序,详细分析了正交切削变形全过程,计算出... 针对典型的正交切削工艺过程,采用分析静态大变形过程的Lagrange描述法,建立了基于平面应变假设的正交切削过程的刚塑性有限元(RPFEM)分析模型;自行开发了模拟切削变形过程的刚塑性有限元分析程序,详细分析了正交切削变形全过程,计算出了变形体内部的网格变形图和速度场、应力场和应变场的分布结果和成形力随行程(时间)的变化曲线;对切削模拟过程中相关技术问题如切屑与基体材料分离准则、切屑与前刀面脱离判据等进行了系统的探讨;在网格重新划分时,采用面积加权平均和体积加权平均相结合的算法,实现新、旧网格体系之间参数的传递;以刨削为例完成了常温条件下铝试件模拟试验,试验结果证明了数值模拟的正确性. 展开更多
关键词 正交切削 数值模拟 刚塑性有限元 切屑成形
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RADIAL EXTRUSION PROCESS BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL RIGID-PLASTIC FEM SIMULATION
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作者 Chen Jun, Peng Yinghong, Zuo Xu, Ruan Xueyu National Die & Mold CAD Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 《中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版》 CSCD 1997年第4期48-52,共5页
RADIALEXTRUSIONPROCESSBYTHREEDIMENSIONALRIGIDPLASTICFEMSIMULATION①ChenJun,PengYinghong,ZuoXu,RuanXueyuNati... RADIALEXTRUSIONPROCESSBYTHREEDIMENSIONALRIGIDPLASTICFEMSIMULATION①ChenJun,PengYinghong,ZuoXu,RuanXueyuNationalDie&MoldCADEn... 展开更多
关键词 RADIAL EXTRUSION three dimensional RIGID plastic fem numerical SIMULATION
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ANALYSIS ON IMPACT RESPONSES OF UNRESTRAINED PLANAR FRAME STRUCTURE(Ⅰ)—FORMULA DERIVATION
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作者 陈镕 郑海涛 +2 位作者 薛松涛 唐和生 HE Fu-bao 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2005年第11期1449-1457,共9页
The generalized Fourier-series method was used to derive the impact responses formula of an unrestrained planar frame structure when subjected to an impact of a moving rigid-body. By using these formula, the analytic ... The generalized Fourier-series method was used to derive the impact responses formula of an unrestrained planar frame structure when subjected to an impact of a moving rigid-body. By using these formula, the analytic solutions of dynamic responses of the contact-impact system can be obtained. During the derivation, the momentum sum of elastic responses of the contact-impact system is demonstrated to be zero. From the derivation, it is seen that the modal method can also be used to solve this kind of impact problem. 展开更多
关键词 unrestrained planar frame structure impact rigid response elastic response
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Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of Long Cone-Shaped Forging Based on Rigid Visco-Plastic FEM
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作者 刘雪峰 汪凌云 张利 《Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(English Edition)》 2002年第1期39-44,共6页
Based on synthetically considering the coupled thermo mechanical relations between temperature and deforming, a numerical simulation of the forging process for the special long cone shaped workpiece of Al 5.44Mg 2... Based on synthetically considering the coupled thermo mechanical relations between temperature and deforming, a numerical simulation of the forging process for the special long cone shaped workpiece of Al 5.44Mg 2.15Li 0.12Zr alloy at high temperature was conducted by using the rigid visco plastic finite element method. The relations between the total load and the displacement during the forging, and the distributions of stress, strain, temperature and strain rate, which can provide useful information for the process design, are obtained. 展开更多
关键词 Al Li alloy coupled thermo mechanical analysis rigid visco plastic fem
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Maintenance Management Research of a Large-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Reliability Assessment by Using Strain Monitored Data 被引量:1
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作者 Yinghua Li Kesheng Peng +2 位作者 Junyong He Qiangjun Shuai Gang Zou 《Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research》 2021年第2期20-31,共12页
When the bridge components needing maintenance are the world problem at present,and the health monitoring system is considered to be a very help­ful tool for solving this problem.In this paper,a large number of s... When the bridge components needing maintenance are the world problem at present,and the health monitoring system is considered to be a very help­ful tool for solving this problem.In this paper,a large number of strain data acquired from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)installed on a continuous rigid frame bridge are adopted to do reliability assessment.Firstly,a calculation method of punctiform time-dependent reliability is proposed based on the basic reliability theory,and introduced how to cal­culate reliability of the bridge by using the stress data transformed from the strain data.Secondly,combined with“Three Sigma”principle and the basic pressure safety reserve requirement,the critical load effects distribu­tion function of the bridge is defined,and then the maintenance reliability threshold for controlling the unfavorable load state which appears in the early operation stage of this type bridge is suggested,and then the combi­nation of bridge maintenance management and health monitoring system is realized.Finally,the transformed stress distribution certifies that the load effects of concrete bridges practically have a normal distribution;as for the concrete continuous rigid frame bridge with C50 strength grade concrete,the retrofit reliability threshold should be valued at 6.13.The methodology suggested in this article can help bridge engineers do effective maintenance of bridges,which can effectively extend the service life of the bridge and bring better economic and social benefits. 展开更多
关键词 Structural health monitoring Punctiform time-varying reliability Critical load effects distribution function Maintenance reliability threshold Continuous rigid frame bridge “Three Sigma”principle
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