Scheme for implementing quantum dense coding with four-particle decoherence-free states in an ion trap

This paper proposes an experimentally feasible scheme for implementing quantum dense coding of trapped-ion system in decoherence-free states. As the phase changes due to time evolution of components with different eigenenergies of quantum superposition are completely frozen, quantum dense coding based on this model would be perfect. The scheme is insensitive to heating of vibrational mode and Bell states can be exactly distinguished via detecting the ionic state.

Generation of steady four-atom decoherence-free states via quantum-jump-based feedback

A scheme is presented tor generating steady tour-atom decoherence-tree states via tour atoms with the Raman level configuration interacting with a single-mode vacuum cavity field by using quantum-jump-based feedback. The scheme meets the condition of a strongly dissipative cavity easily and has a simplified feedback control. Although the spontaneous emission still plays a negative role in the proposed system, we can improve the feedback control to reduce its effect.

Generation of arbitrary four-atom entangled decoherence-free states

This paper proposes a scheme to generate arbitrary four-atom entangled decoherence-free states by using simple linear optical elements, four one-sided cavities in which four atoms are confined respectively. By conveniently tuning the titled angle of one half-wave plate, it can obtain arbitrary four-atom entangled decoherence-free states with a successful probability of 1 as long as there is no photon loss.

The Prisoner of“Freedom”:Cultural Displacement of Santosh in Naipaul’s In a Free State

In a Free State is a post-colonial novel written by Naipaul.“One out of Many”is one of the stories in this novel to explore the freedom of the culturally rootless.The protagonist,Santosh,lives under the collision between the Indian culture and American culture.In the“crevice”of two different cultures,he is deeply involved in the tumultuous and painful process of cultural displacement.His behaviors in cultural displacement can be divided into three stages.Firstly,he has experienced a“cultural shock”after his arrival in Washington,D.C.as a new comer.Secondly,after being fully exposed to the host culture and American style,he has experienced assimilation and absorption to be like an American.Finally when he escapes from his employer and chooses his own way of living,he finds that he is not free at all because he is confronted with an awkward cultural dilemma:he can neither return to his past life;nor can he aspire to a better future.The anxiety about the dislocation causes misery for his fate.As a result,he becomes a prisoner in an unfamiliar culture,and his“freedom”can only be a rootless“freedom”.

Phase-sensitive fat suppression steady-state free procession sequence with phase correction

Robust and fast fat suppression is a challenge in balanced steady-state free precession （SSFP） magnetic resonance imaging. Although single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP can provide fat-suppressed images in short scan time, phase errors, especially spatially-dependent phase shift, caused by a variety of factors may result in misplacement of fat and water voxels. In this paper, a novel phase correction algorithm was used to calibrate those phase errors during image reconstruction. This algorithm corrects phase by region growing, employing both the magnitude and the phase information of image pixels. Phantom and in vivo imagings were performed to validate the technique. As a result, excellent fat-suppressed images were acquired by using single-acquisition phase-sensitive SSFP with phase correction.

Quick and Simple Spectrophotometric Method of Identification of the Thermal State of Meat on the Basis of Composition and Content of Free Nucleotides

At present, there is no method for identifying meat frozen in a thermal state acceptable for production control. The role of free nucleotides in the processes of refrigeration and storage of meat, affecting the structural and mechanical properties of muscle tissue, the formation of taste and its biological value is known. In this article we compared methods for identifying the thermal state of meat based on the determination of the composition and content of free nucleotides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry [SF]. High-purity reference substances were used: free nucleotides—ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP and nucleosides-inosine and hypoxanthine. It has been experimentally established that the characteristic peaks of the absorption spectra for extracts of free nucleotides of meat frozen depended from thermal state of meat. The content of ATP is 21.8 times higher in meat frozen in a fresh state, and the amount of IMF is 12.3 times lower than in meat frozen after cooling. The results of studies of meat frozen using the HPLC method and the developed SF method show the adequacy of the data obtained by both methods. SF-method based on the determination of the optical density of the extracts of free nucleotides is recommended to justify the choice of technological process meat defrost modes.

深水钢桁梁无承台特大桥无应力状态法合龙应用研究

深水区域钢桁梁特大桥无承台桩基施工需要特别考虑施工工艺及其受力体系控制。依托四川汉源兰家湾特大桥工程,基于无应力状态方法分析计算钢桁梁特大桥的无桩基承台施工技术以及合龙施工的若干力学研究。结果表明,通过搭建深水区域无承台的特大桥桩墩结合施工,在其上进行钢桁梁安装拼接的无应力状态法合龙施工可取得良好受力整体性效果。所述方法可解决在较深水流条件下的特大桥桩基施工与整体受力控制难题,可为类似工程提供技术参考和借鉴。

Relation between initial conditions and entanglement sudden death for two-qubit extended Werner-like states

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of entanglement of an uncoupled two-qubit system, which interacts with inde- pendent identical amplitude damping environments and is initially prepared in the extended Werner-like （EWL） states, is investigated. The results show that whether entanglement sudden death （ESD） of an EWL state will occur or not depends on initial purity and concurrence. The boundaries between ESD states and ESD-free states for two kinds of EWL states are found to be different. Furthermore, some regions are shown where ESD states can be transformed into ESD-free states by local unitary operations.

Avoidant Learning Ability in Free Flying Housefly (Aldrichina grahami) by Electric Shock

Previous studies have confirmed that both honeybee and Drosophila are capable of learning and memory. This study aimed to investigate whether the house fly （Aldrichina grahami）, with strong instincts to adapt their living environment, have the learning ability to associate odor stimulus to avoid electric shock in free flying state using a device developed by the authors. The result showed the learning ability ofA. grahami at the electric shock voltages of 5 V, 25 V and 45 V AC. When 60 V was used, the flies were frequently injured. Our results indicate that A. grahami is a good model to study the neural mechanism of learning and memory. The paradigm in this study has some advantages that can be used in future studies of free insects.

FREE模型在面向对象测试中的应用研究

在面向对象分析设计中 ,对象的行为通常与其状态紧密相关。因此 ,基于状态的测试成为面向对象软件中一个有效的测试方法。对FREE模型进行了研究 ,分析了该模型的优缺点及适用范围 ,并将其应用于面向对象软件测试中 ,为基于状态的测试提供一个类行为的可测模型 ,有利于提高面向对象的测试质量。

页岩油藏各赋存态油相体积的计算理论与方法

页岩油是赋存于富有机质页岩层系中的石油,勘探开发潜力巨大。页岩油赋存状态多样,油相主要以游离态赋存于无机矿物孔隙和有机质内部发育的孔隙中,以及以溶解态存在于有机质高分子缩聚物内部的溶解态油相,准确劈分不同赋存状态的油相体积对页岩油藏储量精细评价具有重要意义。目前,页岩油储层含油量主要是在孔径分析法、流体饱和实验、热解法或氯仿沥青“A”法等实验测试的基础上计算得到,但受限于测试原理和条件,这些方法无法准确表征不同赋存态页岩油体积。现基于页岩储集特征和流体赋存状态分析,建立页岩油藏各赋存态油相体积的理论计算模型,模型能够根据页岩物性参数定量计算页岩无机孔隙中的游离态油相体积、有机孔隙中的游离态油相体积、有机质内部的溶解态油相体积和总含油量,并能够得到页岩无机矿物介质和有机质的非常规物性参数,实现页岩各赋存态油相体积和总含油量的准确计算。结果表明:总有机碳含量主要影响有机质内部的有机游离态油相体积与溶解态油相体积,有机质溶解度主要对溶解态油相体积产生影响,页岩总孔隙度主要受无机孔隙度的影响,对于总孔隙度较高的页岩,其内部的无机游离态油相含量越高,有利于弹性开采。研究成果为页岩油藏的储层表征和储量准确评价提供了理论依据。

FREE STANDING FILM OF POLYANILINE

A free standing film of polyaniline as large as 18 cm×18cm×0.002 cm can be obtained by evaporation of a solution of the chemically synthesized base in NMP. Its structure was examined by the elemental analysis, IR, U.V.-visible spectra, XPS, DSC, SEM and X-ray scattering and its conducting behavior as well as electrochemical properties were studied. Results show that the composition, structure of main chain, physical properties of the free standing film of polyanilme is similar to that of the powder. However, some differences in its electronic structure, conductivity at room temperature and potential of redox couple between the flee standing film and powder are observed, which may be due to cross-linking of the film of polyaniline.

Combined multi-level quantum mechanics theories and molecular mechanics study of water-induced transition state of OH^- + CO_2 reaction in aqueous solution

The presence of a solvent interacting with a system brings about qualitative changes from the corresponding gas-phase reactions. A solvent can not only change the energetics along the reaction pathway, but also radically alter the reaction mechanism. Here, we investigated the water-induced transition state of the OH^-＋CO2→HCO3^- reaction using a multi-level quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics method with an explicit water model. The solvent energy contribution along the reaction pathway has a maximum value which induces the highest energy point on the potential of mean force. The charge transfer from OH^- to CO2 results in the breaking of the OH^- solvation shell and the forming of the CO2 solvation shell. The loss of hydrogen bonds in the OH^- solvation shell without being compensated by the formation of hydrogen bonds in the CO2 solvation shell induces the transition state in the aqueous solution. The calculated free energy reaction barrier at the CCSD（T）/MM level of theory, 11.8 kcal/mol, agrees very well with the experimental value, 12.1 kcal/mol.

Cavity loss induced generation of W states

The existence of decoherence-free subspace （DFS） has been discussed widely. In this paper, we propose an alternative scheme for generating the four-atom W states by manipulating DF qubits. The atoms are divided into two pairs and trapped in two separate optical cavities. Manipulation of atoms within DFS may generate a two-atom maximally entangled state in an individual cavity, which is a stable state. After driving the system out of DFS, the atoms will interact resonantly with the cavity field. The photons leaking from the cavities interfere at the beamsplitter, which destroys which-path information, and are finally detected by one of the detectors, leading to the generation of a W state. In addition, the numerical simulation indicates that the fidelity of the prepared state can, for a very wide parameter regime, be very close to unity.

Three-Dimensional Exact Solution for Dynamic Damped Response of Plates with Two Free Edges

A three-dimensional state space method has been developed for the calculation of dynamic response of plates with two free edges and two simply supported edges.A complex damping model was introduced, then the exact solutions which satisfy all the governing equations and boundary conditions were obtained.In order to overcome the difficulty of satisfying all the stress conditions at free edges, the displacement functions of free edges were assumed.The boundary conditions were strictly satisfied when the convergence rate was good.The computing time was evidently less than that of finite element method.The comparison of the solution with those of finite element method show that there is an excellent agreement for displacements.When the imaginary parts of normal stress deviated, the finite element results showed existence of shear stresses at top and bottom surfaces, and the boundary conditions of FEM model were not strictly satisfied.

Charge-state populations for the neon-XFEL system

The interaction between neon and x-ray free-electron lasers with different laser parameters is systematically studied by solving a set of coupled rate equations. As an example, the evolution of 1s^12 s^22 p^6 configuration is given under different incident photon numbers, pulse widths, and photon energies. We have also determined all of the charge-state populations as a function of three laser pulse parameters by averaging over time. The result shows that the variations of these charge-state populations demonstrate a pattern when the pulse width is shorter than 10 fs: some of the charge-states decrease rapidly,while the others rise but remain relatively constant for pulse width larger than 10 fs. The variation of the average charge with three parameters has also obtained. The average charge decreases for a pulse width shorter than 10 fs but remains basically unchanged for a pulse width longer than 10 fs.

考虑自由液面影响的多凸体结构浮态计算方法

针对液舱内自由液面对浮态和稳性的影响,文中提出了一种新的多凸体组合结构浮态算法。该方法将浮体和液舱分解成多个四面体单元,通过分析每个四面体与水面/液面的相对位置关系来确定浮体的浮力和浮心以及液舱液体的重心。该方法还提出了一种改进的双重迭代法用来确定多凸体组合结构的浮态:内层迭代法模拟浮体的升沉运动,得到浮体外的水面方程和液舱内的液面方程;通过外层迭代法模拟浮体的旋转运动。两种迭代方法交替进行,直至浮体的重力作用线和浮力作用线之间的距离满足精度要求,同时重力等于浮力。自编程序对某半潜船和某半潜式海洋平台的多种典型工况进行了浮态计算,同时也考虑了自由液面影响。此外利用Maxsurf建模进行了对比分析,还利用AUTOCAD进行了精度验证。对照结果表明:该研究提出的算法可以考虑自由液面对浮态的影响,原理清晰,收敛性好;算法无论对传统的单凸体结构(例如单体船),还是多凸体结构(例如多体船、漂浮式海洋平台等)均更容易取得准确解,且计算效率更高;算法可以实现“搭积木”式的建模方式,多工况建模时可以极大地减小工作量;算法无需依赖国外第三方图形平台(比如AUTOCAD、CATIA),可为我国相关工业软件的国产化打下良好的基础。

水液相下两性组氨酸分子对映异构的密度泛函理论

采用DFT的M06-2X和MN15杂化泛函方法,结合处理溶剂效应的SMD模型方法,对标题反应进行研究。研究发现:His分子可在α-H质子以羧基(质子化的)下面的O为桥迁移;H质子从氨基(质子化的)N迁移到质子化羧基上面的O后,α-H再以N和羧基(质子化的)下面的O分别为桥迁移;质子从氨基(质子化的)N迁移到咪唑环上的N后,α-H再以氨基(质子化的)N和羧基(质子化的)下面的O分别为桥迁移5个反应通道实现对映异构。势能面计算表明:隐性溶剂效应下5个通道决速步的自由能垒分别是245.6、238.1、297.3、270.9和257.7 kJ/mol;显性溶剂效应下这些能垒分别降到139.9、120.7、161.7、142.7和157.3 kJ/mol。结果表明,水液相下His只能少量的消旋,生命体补充His比较安全。

Production of Xylanase and <i>β</i>-Xylosidase Enzymes by <i>Pseudozyma hubeiensis</i>in Solid State Fermentation

Xylanase is an important enzyme with potential application in the degradation of xylan component in the lignocellulosic biomass. There are very few reports on the production of cellulase free xylanases especially by yeast strains which have great potential in paper and pulp industry in removing the hemicellulose from the treated or untreated pulp. In this study, P. hubeiensis NCIM 3574 isolated in our laboratory produced significant levels of extracellular cellulase free xylanase (2480 IU/g DSS) in solid state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran and xylan. It also produced high levels of β-xylosidase (198 IU/g DSS) when grown in SSF using ground nut oil cake and xylan. These highest activities were obtained when fermented Koji was extracted with 1% NaCl supplemented with 0.5% of Triton X-100. These are the highest activities reported so far from yeast strains in the available literature. The crude xylanase preparation of P. hubeiensis produced xylooligosaccharides (XOS) without xylose proving its potential for XOS production with no further requirement of downstream processing. The XOS as prebiotic show beneficial effect on gut microflora such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria which suppress the activity of pathogenic organisms. This xylanase also has a potential application as a bio-bleaching agent in paper and pulp industry.