以逆向Stirling循环为原理的理想气体的可逆制冷机中功转化为热的比率为η比率=-Q/W1=(T1-T2)/T1。在可逆制冷机中,实际气体和理想气体的功温比守恒。可逆过程的功温比是状态函数。文章提出了热力学第二定律的新表述,即不可能通过做功...以逆向Stirling循环为原理的理想气体的可逆制冷机中功转化为热的比率为η比率=-Q/W1=(T1-T2)/T1。在可逆制冷机中,实际气体和理想气体的功温比守恒。可逆过程的功温比是状态函数。文章提出了热力学第二定律的新表述,即不可能通过做功使之完全变为热量而不产生其它影响。可证明实际过程的功温比大于可逆过程的功温比,integral from n=j to i(δW)实际过程≥integral from n=j to i(δW)可逆过程。展开更多
A two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator(SPR),whose first and second stages respectively involve Stirling and pulse tube refrigeration cycles,is a very promising spaceborne refrigerator.The SPR has man...A two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator(SPR),whose first and second stages respectively involve Stirling and pulse tube refrigeration cycles,is a very promising spaceborne refrigerator.The SPR has many advantages,such as a compact structure,high reliability,and high performance,and is expected to become an essential refrigerator for space applications.In research regarding gas-coupled regenerative refrigerator,the energy flow distribution between the two stages,and optimal phase difference between the pressure wave and volume flow,are two critical parameters that could widely influence refrigerator performance.The effects of displacer displacement on the pressure wave,phase difference,acoustic power distribution,and inter-stage cooling capacity shift of the SPR have been investigated experimentally.Notably,to obtain the maximum first-stage cooling capacity,an inflection point in displacement exists.When the displacer displacement is larger than the inflection point,the cooling capacity could be distributed between the first and second stages.In the present study,an SPR was designed and manufactured to work between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures,which can be used to cool small-scale zero boil-off systems and space detectors.Under appropriate displacer displacement,the SPR can reach a no-load cooling temperature of 15.4 K and obtain 2.6 W cooling capacity at 70 K plus 0.1 W cooling capacity at 20 K with 160 W compressor input electric power.展开更多
文摘以逆向Stirling循环为原理的理想气体的可逆制冷机中功转化为热的比率为η比率=-Q/W1=(T1-T2)/T1。在可逆制冷机中,实际气体和理想气体的功温比守恒。可逆过程的功温比是状态函数。文章提出了热力学第二定律的新表述,即不可能通过做功使之完全变为热量而不产生其它影响。可证明实际过程的功温比大于可逆过程的功温比,integral from n=j to i(δW)实际过程≥integral from n=j to i(δW)可逆过程。
基金supported by the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51806231)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB35000000,XDB35040102)。
文摘A two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator(SPR),whose first and second stages respectively involve Stirling and pulse tube refrigeration cycles,is a very promising spaceborne refrigerator.The SPR has many advantages,such as a compact structure,high reliability,and high performance,and is expected to become an essential refrigerator for space applications.In research regarding gas-coupled regenerative refrigerator,the energy flow distribution between the two stages,and optimal phase difference between the pressure wave and volume flow,are two critical parameters that could widely influence refrigerator performance.The effects of displacer displacement on the pressure wave,phase difference,acoustic power distribution,and inter-stage cooling capacity shift of the SPR have been investigated experimentally.Notably,to obtain the maximum first-stage cooling capacity,an inflection point in displacement exists.When the displacer displacement is larger than the inflection point,the cooling capacity could be distributed between the first and second stages.In the present study,an SPR was designed and manufactured to work between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures,which can be used to cool small-scale zero boil-off systems and space detectors.Under appropriate displacer displacement,the SPR can reach a no-load cooling temperature of 15.4 K and obtain 2.6 W cooling capacity at 70 K plus 0.1 W cooling capacity at 20 K with 160 W compressor input electric power.
