Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, re...Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, reduction of graphene oxide and loading of Ag/TiO2nanoparticles on graphene sheets were achieved. Investigation of chemical state of products showed that covering of Ag/TiO2surface with higher weight ratio of graphene resulting in that Ag metals in Ag/TiO2were oxidized to Ag2 O in nanocomposite structure after solvothermal process. Degree of photocatalytic activity enhancement strongly depends on the coverage of Ag/TiO2surface by porous graphene. The sample of 1 wt% porous graphene hybridized Ag/TiO2showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which is related to high migration efficiency of photoinduced of electrons and reduction of electron–hole recombination rate due to high electrical conductivity of graphene. Expanding of absorption to visible light region was ascribed to surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag metals and presence of graphene. Investigation of photocatalytic performance of formic acid as a dye-less organic pollutant showed that dye sensitization effect of Rh B molecules during evaluation of photocatalytic performance was negligible.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups...AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with natural bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). Clinical observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Massion staining, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in survival. analysis and intraocular pressure(IOP) among groups on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane resulted in good wound healing and no scar formation. CONCLUSION: Self-made freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane may inhibit the formation of scarring in glaucoma after trabeculectomy.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) ...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) were selected randomly. 52 patients with TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency were divided into Chinese and Western combination therapy group. 48 patients have no TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency, and were treated with standard western medicine. After treatment, Seattle Angina Questionnaire Evaluation, ECG, conventional and stress echocardiography (SE) index, NT-proBNP were compared between before and after treatment. Results: The differences of PL, TS, DP between before and after treatment by YFP were statistically significant展开更多
[Objectives]To detect the contents of components in Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and to explore the effects of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and its components on human hepatocytes(HL-7702)alone or in com...[Objectives]To detect the contents of components in Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and to explore the effects of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and its components on human hepatocytes(HL-7702)alone or in combination with cefradine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to detect the contents of baicalin,wogonin,chlorogenic acid and forsythin,the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder.HL-7702 cells were cultured with Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder alone or in combination with cefradine.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the cell supernatant after culture,and HPLC was used to detect the expression level of adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP);agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in HL-7702 cells.[Results]In Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection,the content of baicalin was the highest,and the content of wogonin was the lowest.Compared with the control group,the expressions of AST and ALT in human hepatocytes(HL-7702)in high-dose baicalin group,forsythin group and wogonin group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the expression of ALT in chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of AST had no significant difference(P>0.05);the results in the low-dose group were similar to those in the high-dose group.Compared with the control group,ATP expression in chlorogenic acid group,chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)in the high-dose group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and ADP expression was not significantly different(P>0.05);in the low-dose group,the expression of ATP and ADP increased in baicalin group(P<0.05),but decreased in wogonin group,baicalin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and wogonin group+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the expressions of COX-2 and HO-1 in HL-7702 cells in the cefradine group showed no significant difference(P>0.05).The expression of HO-1 and COX-2 in the different dose groups of Shuanghuanglian and the group combined with cefradine increased,and the difference was significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]The components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection had effects on hepatocytes,of which baicalin had a significant effect,and the effect of cefradine on hepatocytes was increased when used in combination with cefradine.展开更多
Viability of bifidobacteria in freeze-dried probiotic products at various temperatures during prolonged storage was assessed. Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium infantis were freeze-dried. The freeze-dried pre...Viability of bifidobacteria in freeze-dried probiotic products at various temperatures during prolonged storage was assessed. Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium infantis were freeze-dried. The freeze-dried preparations were stored at -18 , 4 , and 20 ℃. Cell counts were enumerated using BS agar at 37 ℃ for 48 h under anaerobic conditions at 0, 45 and 120 days. Storage at 20 ℃ showed the greatest decline in the viability of bifidobacteria, whereas that at -18 ℃ showed the least decrease.展开更多
Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is an attractive method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 sheets compared to chemical vapor deposition and mechanical cleavage. However, the MoS2 nanosheet yield from LPE is too sm...Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is an attractive method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 sheets compared to chemical vapor deposition and mechanical cleavage. However, the MoS2 nanosheet yield from LPE is too small for practical applications. We report a facile method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets using freeze-dried silk fibroin powders. Compared to MoS2 dispersion in the absence of silk fibroin powder, sonicated MoS2 dispersions with silk fibroin powder (MoSJSilk dispersion) show noticeably higher exfoliated MoS2 nanosheet yields, with suspended MoS2 concentrations in MoS2/Silk dispersions sonicated for 2 and 5 h of 1.03 and 1.39 mg.mL-1, respectively. The MoS2 concentration in the MoS2/Silk dispersion after centrifugation above 10,000 rpm is more than four times that without the silk fibroin. The size of the dispersed silk fibroin is controlled by the change of centrifugation rate, showing the removal of silk fibroin above tens of micrometers in size after centrifugation at 2,000 rpm. Size-controlled silk fibroin biomolecules combined with MoS2 nanosheets are expected to increase the practical use of such materials in fields related to tissue engineering, biosensors and electrochemical electrodes. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy provide the height of the MoS2 nanosheets spin-cast from MoS2/Silk dispersions, showing thicknesses of 3--6 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the outermost surface layer of the hydrophobic MoS2 crystals interact with oxygen-containing functional groups that exist in the hydrophobic part of silk fibroins. The amphiphilic properties of silk fibroin combined with the MoS2 nanosheets stabilize dispersions by enhancing solvent-material interactions. The large quantities of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets suspended in the as-synthesized dispersions can be utilized for the fabrication of vapor and electrochemical devices requiring high MoS2 nanosheets contents.展开更多
This study is a research on the utilization of dairy industry by-products in the practical production and long-term preservation of industrial microbial cultures.Accordingly,lyophilized cultures were obtained by freez...This study is a research on the utilization of dairy industry by-products in the practical production and long-term preservation of industrial microbial cultures.Accordingly,lyophilized cultures were obtained by freeze-drying of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in large quantities and for a constant period of time in skimmed milk-based medium containing 5%acid casein,rennet casein,whey and demineralized whey.The cryoprotectants did not have significant protection against freeze-drying process,moreover,the use of rennet casein significantly reduced viability.The efficiency of the preservatives in preserving the viability during storage was very successful compared to the control culture.Casein-enriched cultures had high water activity and moisture,but high viability was maintained during storage.The powder morphologies of the cultures were differentiated by the use of different cryoprotectants.Particle sizes of the cultures were parallel to the moisture content.Particle size and distribution increased with storage.By thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis,it was determined that the addition of casein protein increased the degradation temperature of the cultures.The production of freeze-dried cultures became difficult with the use of casein.However,it was generally concluded that the protective properties of skimmed milk used for the preservation of L.plantarum could be improved by the addition of dairy by-products as a protective agent.展开更多
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for sepsis diagnosis and widely used as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide the antibiotic therapy. In our work, an imp...Procalcitonin (PCT) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for sepsis diagnosis and widely used as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide the antibiotic therapy. In our work, an improved up-converting nanoparticle (UCP) technology based on the immunochromatographic assay (UPT-ICA) was developed for rapid and quantitative detection of PCT. In order to further improve the accuracy, sensitivity and stability of the assay on the basis of our previous study, the UCP coupling with rnonoclonal antibody of PCT (UCP-Abl) was freeze-dried under certain conditions. And the detections of PCT levels with UCP-Abl conjugates before and after freeze-drying were evaluated. The results show that, compared to the UCP-Abl conjugates without freeze-drying, the detection sensitivity of freeze-dried UCP-Abl is slightly improved, having a lower immunochromatogragh background and better stability. This improved method can provide a rapid, accurate, and relatively easy way for the clinical detection of PCT.展开更多
Crude ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was encapsulated with sodium alginate- sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using freeze-drying techniques. The microcapsules were characterized for particle size, m...Crude ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was encapsulated with sodium alginate- sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using freeze-drying techniques. The microcapsules were characterized for particle size, morphology, physicochemical parameters, and micromeritics properties. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the microcapsules were also demonstrated. Results revealed an irregular-shaped microparticles with a mean diameter ranging from 6.7 to 26.6 μm. Zeta potential and polydispersity index ranged from −17.01 to 2.23 mV and 0.34 to 0.49, respectively. Percentage yield ranged between 70.4 and 81.5 per cent whereas encapsulation efficiency ranged between 74.2 ± 0.011 and 82.43 ± 0.77 per cent. Swelling index and solubility varied inversely with extract concentration, with a range of 54.4%-84.0% and 18.8%-22.2%, respectively. Antioxidant activities varied directly with the concentration of the extract. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the microcapsules against Gram-positive foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.19 to 3.12 and 0.19-12.25 mg/ml, respectively. The Higuchi model indicated a time-dependent, delayed, and regulated release of polyphenols at 37°C. The results suggested that alginate-CMC possessed good encapsulant properties that preserved the bioactive extract, thus might be employed for application of natural products in food systems.展开更多
Freeze-drying is a promising method for a long-term storage of human platelets.The moisture sorption characteristics of freeze-dried human platelets(FDHPs) were studied in this paper.The moisture sorption isotherms of...Freeze-drying is a promising method for a long-term storage of human platelets.The moisture sorption characteristics of freeze-dried human platelets(FDHPs) were studied in this paper.The moisture sorption isotherms of FDHPs and freeze-dried lyophilization buffer(FDLB) were measured at 4,25,and 37°C.The experimental data were fitted to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) and Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer(GAB) equations.There were no sig-nificant statistical differences(P>0.05) between the sorption characteristics of FDHPs and FDLB at 4 and 25°C,while FDHPs absorbed more water at 37°C.The net isosteric heat of sorption was derived.The heat for FDHPs showed an abnormal negative value at low moisture contents when 25 and 37°C data were used.Dynamic sorption experiments were carried out at 25°C with environmental water activity controlled at 0.75,0.85,and 0.90.The moisture diffusion coefficient was fitted to be 8.24×10 -12 m 2 /s when experimental data at initial time were used.These results would be helpful in choosing prehydration and storage condition for FDHPs.展开更多
Purpose Our purpose was to compare the difference between hot-air dried American ginseng(HDAG)(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and freeze-dried American ginseng(FDAG)(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and provide a better drying ...Purpose Our purpose was to compare the difference between hot-air dried American ginseng(HDAG)(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and freeze-dried American ginseng(FDAG)(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and provide a better drying approach for improv-ing the quality of American ginseng(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix).Methods In our present study,we compared the appearance features of HDAG and FDAG using a CR-410 colorimeter and scanning electron microscopy.Furthermore,we qualitatively and quantitatively determined ginsenosides in HDAG and FDAG by using UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS and high-performance liquid chromatography.Results Our present results showed that compared to the hot-air drying method,freeze-drying(FD)has obvious advantages in not only good appearances but also higher bioactive constituents for drying the American ginseng(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix).Conclusion FD is beneficial for the retention of ginsenosides in American ginseng(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and also helpful for maintaining the bioactive effects of this functional food.展开更多
Membrane characteristics are determined by the fatty acids composition,which affects survival rates after freeze-drying.However,it is unknown which composition provides the greatest effect.In this study,we found that ...Membrane characteristics are determined by the fatty acids composition,which affects survival rates after freeze-drying.However,it is unknown which composition provides the greatest effect.In this study,we found that the addition of Tween 80 and Tween 20 significantly increased survival rates of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,which reached a maximum of 93.1%.Conversely,Tween 60 caused a significant decrease.We further found that the difference between the effects of adding Tween 80 and Tween 60 was the change in oleic acid contents.To verify the role of oleic acid,we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock-out the key synthesis gene cla-er.The survival rates of L.plantarum AR113Δcla-er declined to 5.48%.The addition of oleic acid restored the rates to those of wild type strains.Moreover,the membrane integrity and fl uidity of knockout strains markedly decreased.This is the fi rst confi rmation that Tween 80 or Tween 20 increases the survival rate by increasing the content of oleic acid in the cell membrane.These fi ndings also indicated that oleic acid in cell membranes has a substantial protective effect on L.plantarum during freeze-drying.展开更多
Various biological constraints including erratic and asynchronous flowering between male and female plants hinder successful hybrid development and genetic gains in greater yam breeding programs.Therefore,pollen stora...Various biological constraints including erratic and asynchronous flowering between male and female plants hinder successful hybrid development and genetic gains in greater yam breeding programs.Therefore,pollen storage has gained much attention to facilitate artificial pollinations and increase the genetic gains.This 4-year study aimed at developing a practical long-term pollen storage technique for the successful development of yam hybrids.Fresh pollens were collected from two Dioscorea alata males,then lyophilized(two lyophilization treatments were applied),followed by storage at room temperature(24℃–25℃)for 12 months.Moreover,the lyophilized and stored pollens were tested for viability by crossing with four female varieties.Our results showed that lyophilization is effective for achieving viable pollens after 12 months of storage.Treatment 1(48 h drying)showed higher pollen germination and fertility rates than Treatment 2(72 h drying).Although we observed a reduction in viability of lyophilized pollens after 12 months of storage,we generated hybrid seedlings with success rates from 12%to 21%compared to 21%–31%when using fresh pollens.Paternity testing based on molecular genotyping confirmed the hybrid status of the obtained seedlings,which grew well in a greenhouse.Lyophilization is a practical approach for a long-term storage of greater yam pollen samples.This protocol will positively impact yam breeding programs particularly in developing countries.展开更多
Aim: To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. Methods: Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate (TE). The study comprised six groups: one contr...Aim: To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. Methods: Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate (TE). The study comprised six groups: one control group (group 1), one group treated with TE (group 2), two groups treated with TE and aqueous extract of red maca (groups 3 and 4), one group treated with hydroalcoholic extract of red maca (group 5) and one group treated with finasteride (0.1 mg, group 6). Differences in the aqueous extract dependent on the length of time of boiling, whether for 2 or 3 hours, for groups 3 and 4 was assessed. Extracts of red maca contained 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate. Thereafter, a doseresponse effect of different doses of benzylglucosinolates (0.02-0.08 mg) in red maca extracts was assessed. Results: Prostate weight was similar in rats treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca prepared after 2 and 3 hours of boiling. Freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca, hydroalcoholic extract of red maca and finasteride reduced prostate weight in rats with prostatic hyperplasia. No difference was observed between the data obtained from aqueous extract or hydroalcoholic extract of red maca. A dose dependent reduction of prostate weight was observed with the increase of the dose of benzylglucosinolates in red maca extracts. Conclusion: The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of the freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane as a drug delivery system on glaucoma surgery in rabbit model. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel lo...AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of the freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane as a drug delivery system on glaucoma surgery in rabbit model. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel local delivery system for the sustained and controllable release of 5-Fu. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with 5-Fu loaded freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with 5-Fu) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). HE staining, massion staining and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. The concentration of 5-Fu in rabbit aqueous humor was examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 3 days after the surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in intraocular pressure among groups on day 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane yielded well wound healing and no scar formation and was beneficial for long term effect. CONCLUSION: HPLC showed a good slow-release effect with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane.展开更多
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different olive leaf extracts (OLE) from different leaf growing stages on human carcinoma cell lines. OLE were tested in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro and cells...The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different olive leaf extracts (OLE) from different leaf growing stages on human carcinoma cell lines. OLE were tested in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro and cells were plated in 96-microtiter culture plates for each OLE concentration. Fresh (F) and freeze-dried (FD) leaves exhibited phenolic compounds in the range of 2.09 ± 0.10 to 8.44 ± 0.64 and 7.72 ± 0.56 to 24.65 ± 1.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g leaves, respectively. OLE from several Portuguese olive tree cultivars were found to inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines in a range of 2.09 - 8.44 μg phenolic compound/well (209 - 844 μg/ml) and 0.07 - 2.40 μg phenolic compounds/well (7 - 240 μg/ml) for fresh and freeze-dried leaves, respectively. Young (Y) leaves have revealed the highest cell growth inhibition ranging from about 95% for Cobran?osa, followed by 90% for Cobran?osa, 90% for Arbequina and 75% for Arbequina for cell lines A549, HeLa, A431 and OE21, respectively. The lowest cell growth inhibition (35%) was observed for Galega (Y) leaf extract on cell line A549. However, FD samples exhibited a distinctive pattern since cell growth inhibition was highest at highest extract dilution tested, for A431 (Galega Y) followed by A549 (Cobran?osa Y) with cell inhibition of 75% and 70%, respectively. The data presented in this work strongly suggest that OLEs inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines.展开更多
The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pleurotus</span></i><span style="font-family...The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pleurotus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sajor-caju</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). In this study, the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of cake supplemented with five different levels of mushroom powder (0 as control, 5%, 7%, 10%, and 12%) were evaluated. The results revealed that both hot air dried (HD) and freeze dried (FD) mushroom powder contained a higher amount of protein, fat, ash and fiber ontent compared with wheat flour used in cake, but the carbohydrate and moisture content showed the reverse trend. The study also found that increasing the level of fortification from 0% to 12% mushroom powder also increased the protein, fat, ash, and fiber content in the cake. FD mushroom powder significantly (p ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest protein (11.72% - 15.16%), fat (20.01% - 21.9%), ash (1.75% - 1.92%), and fiber (1.39% - 1.74%) with increasing the level of supplementation from 5%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12%. In contrast, carbohydrate content of cake decreased from 34.13% - 31.15% with increasing the level of FD mushroom from 5% - 12%. Also</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the volume and weight of the cake with FD mushroom were higher compared to HD and control sample. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that sponge cake with 10% FD oyster mushroom was rated the most acceptable after the control.</span>展开更多
In this work, we report a facile route for the synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material via freezedrying and then calcination. The effect of calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the Li3V2(PO...In this work, we report a facile route for the synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material via freezedrying and then calcination. The effect of calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C is also investigated. When used as a lithium-ion battery cathode, the optimized Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP-800) through calcination at 800 ℃ exhibits a high initial charge and discharge capacity. The excellent electrochemical performance of LVP-800 is attributed to the good crystallinity and uniform morphology of the electrode material. In addition, the residual carbon can also improve the conductivity and buffer the volume expansion during the Li-ion extraction/reinsertion. Meanwhile, charge compensation also plays an important role in excellent electrochemical performance.展开更多
Freeze-drying,continuous passage and ultra-low temperature cryopreservation are often used to preserve pathogens.In this study,Vibrio anguillarum was rejuvenated by intramuscular infection as the initial strain.The di...Freeze-drying,continuous passage and ultra-low temperature cryopreservation are often used to preserve pathogens.In this study,Vibrio anguillarum was rejuvenated by intramuscular infection as the initial strain.The difference between cells preserved with different preservation methods and their initial strains were compared with physiological and biochemical methods and through antibiotics resistance analysis.The composition of protectants for freeze-drying V.anguillarum was optimized.We found that the optimal composition of protectants was 8% of trehalose,12% of skim milk,8.0% of lactose,2.0% of sodium citrate,12.0% of serum and 8.0% of mannitol.The indexes of lysine decarboxylase and urease changed after continuous passage.The urease reaction changed after freeze-drying and freeze-thawing,but the reaction can be restored to the initial after freeze-drying.Based on the antibiotics resistance analyses,the sensitivity of V.anguillarum to different drugs including rifampicin,erythrocin,furazolidone,ceftazidime,lomefloxacin,gentamycin,azithromycin,doxycycline,ampicillin,co-trimoxazole and cefoperazone changed after different treatments,and some of these changes can be restored to the original through activation culture.In sum,compared with cryopreservation and continuous passage,the freeze-drying is more sustainable for the long-term preservation of V.anguillarum,which showed a better effect in maintaining the original characteristics of pathogen.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria possess several interesting properties of great economic importance. Improvement and stabilization of these industrially important features are an active research area at the present time. The obj...Lactic acid bacteria possess several interesting properties of great economic importance. Improvement and stabilization of these industrially important features are an active research area at the present time. The objectives of this work are to study the effect of freezing and freeze-drying on the survival rate, autolytic activity and intracellular enzymatic activity of the main species of lactic acid bacteria used in the dairy industry. The article focused on several characteristics that were not well covered in the past. The obtained results revealed that both preservation methods have a significant effect on viability, autolytic activity and intracellular enzymatic activity. After six months of storage we found that frozen cultures exhibited higher survival rate, higher rate of intracellular enzymatic activity and lower rate of autolysis. The impact of conservation treatments was only strain specific in the case of survival rate. The results obtained lead to the selection of the best preservation method for the selected cultures based on survival rate, autolytic activity and intracellular enzymatic activity.展开更多
文摘Ag/TiO2/freeze-dried graphene nanocomposites have been prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method for the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B under visible light irradiation. During the solvothermal process, reduction of graphene oxide and loading of Ag/TiO2nanoparticles on graphene sheets were achieved. Investigation of chemical state of products showed that covering of Ag/TiO2surface with higher weight ratio of graphene resulting in that Ag metals in Ag/TiO2were oxidized to Ag2 O in nanocomposite structure after solvothermal process. Degree of photocatalytic activity enhancement strongly depends on the coverage of Ag/TiO2surface by porous graphene. The sample of 1 wt% porous graphene hybridized Ag/TiO2showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which is related to high migration efficiency of photoinduced of electrons and reduction of electron–hole recombination rate due to high electrical conductivity of graphene. Expanding of absorption to visible light region was ascribed to surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag metals and presence of graphene. Investigation of photocatalytic performance of formic acid as a dye-less organic pollutant showed that dye sensitization effect of Rh B molecules during evaluation of photocatalytic performance was negligible.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China (No. 2008cda055)
文摘AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane on trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with natural bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). Clinical observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Massion staining, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in survival. analysis and intraocular pressure(IOP) among groups on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane resulted in good wound healing and no scar formation. CONCLUSION: Self-made freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane may inhibit the formation of scarring in glaucoma after trabeculectomy.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dry powder (YFP) on ischemic diastolic heart failure. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with unstable angina accompanying ischemic diastolic heart failure (IDHF) were selected randomly. 52 patients with TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency were divided into Chinese and Western combination therapy group. 48 patients have no TCM syndrome of qi-yin deficiency, and were treated with standard western medicine. After treatment, Seattle Angina Questionnaire Evaluation, ECG, conventional and stress echocardiography (SE) index, NT-proBNP were compared between before and after treatment. Results: The differences of PL, TS, DP between before and after treatment by YFP were statistically significant
基金Guangxi Natural Science(2018GXNSFBA-050051)Doctor Initiation Fund Project of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020BS011)。
文摘[Objectives]To detect the contents of components in Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and to explore the effects of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and its components on human hepatocytes(HL-7702)alone or in combination with cefradine.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to detect the contents of baicalin,wogonin,chlorogenic acid and forsythin,the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder.HL-7702 cells were cultured with Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder and the main components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder alone or in combination with cefradine.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the cell supernatant after culture,and HPLC was used to detect the expression level of adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP);agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in HL-7702 cells.[Results]In Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection,the content of baicalin was the highest,and the content of wogonin was the lowest.Compared with the control group,the expressions of AST and ALT in human hepatocytes(HL-7702)in high-dose baicalin group,forsythin group and wogonin group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the expression of ALT in chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of AST had no significant difference(P>0.05);the results in the low-dose group were similar to those in the high-dose group.Compared with the control group,ATP expression in chlorogenic acid group,chlorogenic acid+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and forsythin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)in the high-dose group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and ADP expression was not significantly different(P>0.05);in the low-dose group,the expression of ATP and ADP increased in baicalin group(P<0.05),but decreased in wogonin group,baicalin+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)and wogonin group+cefradine group(0.046 mg/mL)(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the expressions of COX-2 and HO-1 in HL-7702 cells in the cefradine group showed no significant difference(P>0.05).The expression of HO-1 and COX-2 in the different dose groups of Shuanghuanglian and the group combined with cefradine increased,and the difference was significant(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]The components of Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection had effects on hepatocytes,of which baicalin had a significant effect,and the effect of cefradine on hepatocytes was increased when used in combination with cefradine.
文摘Viability of bifidobacteria in freeze-dried probiotic products at various temperatures during prolonged storage was assessed. Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium infantis were freeze-dried. The freeze-dried preparations were stored at -18 , 4 , and 20 ℃. Cell counts were enumerated using BS agar at 37 ℃ for 48 h under anaerobic conditions at 0, 45 and 120 days. Storage at 20 ℃ showed the greatest decline in the viability of bifidobacteria, whereas that at -18 ℃ showed the least decrease.
文摘Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is an attractive method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 sheets compared to chemical vapor deposition and mechanical cleavage. However, the MoS2 nanosheet yield from LPE is too small for practical applications. We report a facile method for the scaling-up of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets using freeze-dried silk fibroin powders. Compared to MoS2 dispersion in the absence of silk fibroin powder, sonicated MoS2 dispersions with silk fibroin powder (MoSJSilk dispersion) show noticeably higher exfoliated MoS2 nanosheet yields, with suspended MoS2 concentrations in MoS2/Silk dispersions sonicated for 2 and 5 h of 1.03 and 1.39 mg.mL-1, respectively. The MoS2 concentration in the MoS2/Silk dispersion after centrifugation above 10,000 rpm is more than four times that without the silk fibroin. The size of the dispersed silk fibroin is controlled by the change of centrifugation rate, showing the removal of silk fibroin above tens of micrometers in size after centrifugation at 2,000 rpm. Size-controlled silk fibroin biomolecules combined with MoS2 nanosheets are expected to increase the practical use of such materials in fields related to tissue engineering, biosensors and electrochemical electrodes. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy provide the height of the MoS2 nanosheets spin-cast from MoS2/Silk dispersions, showing thicknesses of 3--6 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the outermost surface layer of the hydrophobic MoS2 crystals interact with oxygen-containing functional groups that exist in the hydrophobic part of silk fibroins. The amphiphilic properties of silk fibroin combined with the MoS2 nanosheets stabilize dispersions by enhancing solvent-material interactions. The large quantities of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets suspended in the as-synthesized dispersions can be utilized for the fabrication of vapor and electrochemical devices requiring high MoS2 nanosheets contents.
基金This paper contains in part data from the doctoral thesis of G.Üçok.This work was supported financially by the Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship of Necmettin Erbakan University,Turkey[grant number 181419001].
文摘This study is a research on the utilization of dairy industry by-products in the practical production and long-term preservation of industrial microbial cultures.Accordingly,lyophilized cultures were obtained by freeze-drying of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in large quantities and for a constant period of time in skimmed milk-based medium containing 5%acid casein,rennet casein,whey and demineralized whey.The cryoprotectants did not have significant protection against freeze-drying process,moreover,the use of rennet casein significantly reduced viability.The efficiency of the preservatives in preserving the viability during storage was very successful compared to the control culture.Casein-enriched cultures had high water activity and moisture,but high viability was maintained during storage.The powder morphologies of the cultures were differentiated by the use of different cryoprotectants.Particle sizes of the cultures were parallel to the moisture content.Particle size and distribution increased with storage.By thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis,it was determined that the addition of casein protein increased the degradation temperature of the cultures.The production of freeze-dried cultures became difficult with the use of casein.However,it was generally concluded that the protective properties of skimmed milk used for the preservation of L.plantarum could be improved by the addition of dairy by-products as a protective agent.
基金Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201700354.Acknowledgement This work was supported by the NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) (No. 21176124). Affinity-purified monoclonal antibody of PCT, PCT antigen and affinity-purified antibody from goat anti mouse IgG were all obtained from Nanjing Norman Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
文摘Procalcitonin (PCT) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for sepsis diagnosis and widely used as a biomarker to improve the diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide the antibiotic therapy. In our work, an improved up-converting nanoparticle (UCP) technology based on the immunochromatographic assay (UPT-ICA) was developed for rapid and quantitative detection of PCT. In order to further improve the accuracy, sensitivity and stability of the assay on the basis of our previous study, the UCP coupling with rnonoclonal antibody of PCT (UCP-Abl) was freeze-dried under certain conditions. And the detections of PCT levels with UCP-Abl conjugates before and after freeze-drying were evaluated. The results show that, compared to the UCP-Abl conjugates without freeze-drying, the detection sensitivity of freeze-dried UCP-Abl is slightly improved, having a lower immunochromatogragh background and better stability. This improved method can provide a rapid, accurate, and relatively easy way for the clinical detection of PCT.
基金This work was supported by Thailand’s Education Hub for ASEAN Countries(Grant No.TEH-AC 013/2017)the TRF Senior Research Scholar(Grant no.RTA 6180006)The Thailand Research Fund.
文摘Crude ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was encapsulated with sodium alginate- sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using freeze-drying techniques. The microcapsules were characterized for particle size, morphology, physicochemical parameters, and micromeritics properties. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the microcapsules were also demonstrated. Results revealed an irregular-shaped microparticles with a mean diameter ranging from 6.7 to 26.6 μm. Zeta potential and polydispersity index ranged from −17.01 to 2.23 mV and 0.34 to 0.49, respectively. Percentage yield ranged between 70.4 and 81.5 per cent whereas encapsulation efficiency ranged between 74.2 ± 0.011 and 82.43 ± 0.77 per cent. Swelling index and solubility varied inversely with extract concentration, with a range of 54.4%-84.0% and 18.8%-22.2%, respectively. Antioxidant activities varied directly with the concentration of the extract. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the microcapsules against Gram-positive foodborne pathogens ranged from 0.19 to 3.12 and 0.19-12.25 mg/ml, respectively. The Higuchi model indicated a time-dependent, delayed, and regulated release of polyphenols at 37°C. The results suggested that alginate-CMC possessed good encapsulant properties that preserved the bioactive extract, thus might be employed for application of natural products in food systems.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.Y1090409)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.20070335145)
文摘Freeze-drying is a promising method for a long-term storage of human platelets.The moisture sorption characteristics of freeze-dried human platelets(FDHPs) were studied in this paper.The moisture sorption isotherms of FDHPs and freeze-dried lyophilization buffer(FDLB) were measured at 4,25,and 37°C.The experimental data were fitted to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) and Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer(GAB) equations.There were no sig-nificant statistical differences(P>0.05) between the sorption characteristics of FDHPs and FDLB at 4 and 25°C,while FDHPs absorbed more water at 37°C.The net isosteric heat of sorption was derived.The heat for FDHPs showed an abnormal negative value at low moisture contents when 25 and 37°C data were used.Dynamic sorption experiments were carried out at 25°C with environmental water activity controlled at 0.75,0.85,and 0.90.The moisture diffusion coefficient was fitted to be 8.24×10 -12 m 2 /s when experimental data at initial time were used.These results would be helpful in choosing prehydration and storage condition for FDHPs.
基金the Sichuan Huotai Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd under Grant(20200601-1).
文摘Purpose Our purpose was to compare the difference between hot-air dried American ginseng(HDAG)(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and freeze-dried American ginseng(FDAG)(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and provide a better drying approach for improv-ing the quality of American ginseng(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix).Methods In our present study,we compared the appearance features of HDAG and FDAG using a CR-410 colorimeter and scanning electron microscopy.Furthermore,we qualitatively and quantitatively determined ginsenosides in HDAG and FDAG by using UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS/MS and high-performance liquid chromatography.Results Our present results showed that compared to the hot-air drying method,freeze-drying(FD)has obvious advantages in not only good appearances but also higher bioactive constituents for drying the American ginseng(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix).Conclusion FD is beneficial for the retention of ginsenosides in American ginseng(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)and also helpful for maintaining the bioactive effects of this functional food.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172186)National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(32025029)+1 种基金Shanghai Education committee scientific research innovation projects,China(2101070007800120)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology(19DZ2281100).
文摘Membrane characteristics are determined by the fatty acids composition,which affects survival rates after freeze-drying.However,it is unknown which composition provides the greatest effect.In this study,we found that the addition of Tween 80 and Tween 20 significantly increased survival rates of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,which reached a maximum of 93.1%.Conversely,Tween 60 caused a significant decrease.We further found that the difference between the effects of adding Tween 80 and Tween 60 was the change in oleic acid contents.To verify the role of oleic acid,we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock-out the key synthesis gene cla-er.The survival rates of L.plantarum AR113Δcla-er declined to 5.48%.The addition of oleic acid restored the rates to those of wild type strains.Moreover,the membrane integrity and fl uidity of knockout strains markedly decreased.This is the fi rst confi rmation that Tween 80 or Tween 20 increases the survival rate by increasing the content of oleic acid in the cell membrane.These fi ndings also indicated that oleic acid in cell membranes has a substantial protective effect on L.plantarum during freeze-drying.
基金financially supported by the AfricaYam Project(Grant OPP1052998-Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation).
文摘Various biological constraints including erratic and asynchronous flowering between male and female plants hinder successful hybrid development and genetic gains in greater yam breeding programs.Therefore,pollen storage has gained much attention to facilitate artificial pollinations and increase the genetic gains.This 4-year study aimed at developing a practical long-term pollen storage technique for the successful development of yam hybrids.Fresh pollens were collected from two Dioscorea alata males,then lyophilized(two lyophilization treatments were applied),followed by storage at room temperature(24℃–25℃)for 12 months.Moreover,the lyophilized and stored pollens were tested for viability by crossing with four female varieties.Our results showed that lyophilization is effective for achieving viable pollens after 12 months of storage.Treatment 1(48 h drying)showed higher pollen germination and fertility rates than Treatment 2(72 h drying).Although we observed a reduction in viability of lyophilized pollens after 12 months of storage,we generated hybrid seedlings with success rates from 12%to 21%compared to 21%–31%when using fresh pollens.Paternity testing based on molecular genotyping confirmed the hybrid status of the obtained seedlings,which grew well in a greenhouse.Lyophilization is a practical approach for a long-term storage of greater yam pollen samples.This protocol will positively impact yam breeding programs particularly in developing countries.
文摘Aim: To determine the effect of two different extracts of red maca in male rats. Methods: Prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male rats with testosterone enanthate (TE). The study comprised six groups: one control group (group 1), one group treated with TE (group 2), two groups treated with TE and aqueous extract of red maca (groups 3 and 4), one group treated with hydroalcoholic extract of red maca (group 5) and one group treated with finasteride (0.1 mg, group 6). Differences in the aqueous extract dependent on the length of time of boiling, whether for 2 or 3 hours, for groups 3 and 4 was assessed. Extracts of red maca contained 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate. Thereafter, a doseresponse effect of different doses of benzylglucosinolates (0.02-0.08 mg) in red maca extracts was assessed. Results: Prostate weight was similar in rats treated with freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca prepared after 2 and 3 hours of boiling. Freeze-dried aqueous extract of red maca, hydroalcoholic extract of red maca and finasteride reduced prostate weight in rats with prostatic hyperplasia. No difference was observed between the data obtained from aqueous extract or hydroalcoholic extract of red maca. A dose dependent reduction of prostate weight was observed with the increase of the dose of benzylglucosinolates in red maca extracts. Conclusion: The present study showed that hydroalcoholic or aqueous extract of red maca containing 0.1 mg of benzylglucosinolate can reduce prostate size in male rats in which prostatic hyperplasia had been induced by TE.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (No.2008cda055)
文摘AIM: To investigate the antifibrotic effect of the freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane as a drug delivery system on glaucoma surgery in rabbit model. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel local delivery system for the sustained and controllable release of 5-Fu. METHODS: Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomized into three groups: the experimental group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with 5-Fu loaded freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane transplantation), the control group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with 5-Fu) and the blank group (single trabeculectomy). HE staining, massion staining and immunohistochemistry for alpha -SMA were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. The concentration of 5-Fu in rabbit aqueous humor was examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 3 days after the surgery. RESULTS: Statistical differences were noted in intraocular pressure among groups on day 7, 14, 21 and 30 following surgery. Histology further demonstrated that trabeculectomy in combination with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane yielded well wound healing and no scar formation and was beneficial for long term effect. CONCLUSION: HPLC showed a good slow-release effect with freeze-dried bilayered fibrin-binding amniotic membrane.
文摘The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different olive leaf extracts (OLE) from different leaf growing stages on human carcinoma cell lines. OLE were tested in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro and cells were plated in 96-microtiter culture plates for each OLE concentration. Fresh (F) and freeze-dried (FD) leaves exhibited phenolic compounds in the range of 2.09 ± 0.10 to 8.44 ± 0.64 and 7.72 ± 0.56 to 24.65 ± 1.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g leaves, respectively. OLE from several Portuguese olive tree cultivars were found to inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines in a range of 2.09 - 8.44 μg phenolic compound/well (209 - 844 μg/ml) and 0.07 - 2.40 μg phenolic compounds/well (7 - 240 μg/ml) for fresh and freeze-dried leaves, respectively. Young (Y) leaves have revealed the highest cell growth inhibition ranging from about 95% for Cobran?osa, followed by 90% for Cobran?osa, 90% for Arbequina and 75% for Arbequina for cell lines A549, HeLa, A431 and OE21, respectively. The lowest cell growth inhibition (35%) was observed for Galega (Y) leaf extract on cell line A549. However, FD samples exhibited a distinctive pattern since cell growth inhibition was highest at highest extract dilution tested, for A431 (Galega Y) followed by A549 (Cobran?osa Y) with cell inhibition of 75% and 70%, respectively. The data presented in this work strongly suggest that OLEs inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines.
文摘The study was aimed to enhance the nutritional quality of sponge cakes with oyster mushroom (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pleurotus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sajor-caju</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). In this study, the physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties of cake supplemented with five different levels of mushroom powder (0 as control, 5%, 7%, 10%, and 12%) were evaluated. The results revealed that both hot air dried (HD) and freeze dried (FD) mushroom powder contained a higher amount of protein, fat, ash and fiber ontent compared with wheat flour used in cake, but the carbohydrate and moisture content showed the reverse trend. The study also found that increasing the level of fortification from 0% to 12% mushroom powder also increased the protein, fat, ash, and fiber content in the cake. FD mushroom powder significantly (p ≤ 0.05) recorded the highest protein (11.72% - 15.16%), fat (20.01% - 21.9%), ash (1.75% - 1.92%), and fiber (1.39% - 1.74%) with increasing the level of supplementation from 5%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12%. In contrast, carbohydrate content of cake decreased from 34.13% - 31.15% with increasing the level of FD mushroom from 5% - 12%. Also</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the volume and weight of the cake with FD mushroom were higher compared to HD and control sample. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that sponge cake with 10% FD oyster mushroom was rated the most acceptable after the control.</span>
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0100500)
文摘In this work, we report a facile route for the synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material via freezedrying and then calcination. The effect of calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C is also investigated. When used as a lithium-ion battery cathode, the optimized Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP-800) through calcination at 800 ℃ exhibits a high initial charge and discharge capacity. The excellent electrochemical performance of LVP-800 is attributed to the good crystallinity and uniform morphology of the electrode material. In addition, the residual carbon can also improve the conductivity and buffer the volume expansion during the Li-ion extraction/reinsertion. Meanwhile, charge compensation also plays an important role in excellent electrochemical performance.
基金funded by the Key Projects of Science and Technology Innovation of Shandong Province (No. 2018YFJH0703)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund+1 种基金Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institutes, CAFS (No. 20603022017004)the Projects of International Exchange and Cooperation in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China-Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation in Aquaculture with Tropical Countries
文摘Freeze-drying,continuous passage and ultra-low temperature cryopreservation are often used to preserve pathogens.In this study,Vibrio anguillarum was rejuvenated by intramuscular infection as the initial strain.The difference between cells preserved with different preservation methods and their initial strains were compared with physiological and biochemical methods and through antibiotics resistance analysis.The composition of protectants for freeze-drying V.anguillarum was optimized.We found that the optimal composition of protectants was 8% of trehalose,12% of skim milk,8.0% of lactose,2.0% of sodium citrate,12.0% of serum and 8.0% of mannitol.The indexes of lysine decarboxylase and urease changed after continuous passage.The urease reaction changed after freeze-drying and freeze-thawing,but the reaction can be restored to the initial after freeze-drying.Based on the antibiotics resistance analyses,the sensitivity of V.anguillarum to different drugs including rifampicin,erythrocin,furazolidone,ceftazidime,lomefloxacin,gentamycin,azithromycin,doxycycline,ampicillin,co-trimoxazole and cefoperazone changed after different treatments,and some of these changes can be restored to the original through activation culture.In sum,compared with cryopreservation and continuous passage,the freeze-drying is more sustainable for the long-term preservation of V.anguillarum,which showed a better effect in maintaining the original characteristics of pathogen.
文摘Lactic acid bacteria possess several interesting properties of great economic importance. Improvement and stabilization of these industrially important features are an active research area at the present time. The objectives of this work are to study the effect of freezing and freeze-drying on the survival rate, autolytic activity and intracellular enzymatic activity of the main species of lactic acid bacteria used in the dairy industry. The article focused on several characteristics that were not well covered in the past. The obtained results revealed that both preservation methods have a significant effect on viability, autolytic activity and intracellular enzymatic activity. After six months of storage we found that frozen cultures exhibited higher survival rate, higher rate of intracellular enzymatic activity and lower rate of autolysis. The impact of conservation treatments was only strain specific in the case of survival rate. The results obtained lead to the selection of the best preservation method for the selected cultures based on survival rate, autolytic activity and intracellular enzymatic activity.