Acetabular Reconstruction with Massive Allograft Shaped to the Cavity and Kerboull-Type Acetabular Reinforcement Device for Multiple Failures of Impaction Bone Graft: A Case Report

Acetabular component revision in the presence of severe bone loss is difficult for reconstructing an acetabular component in the anatomical hip center. Various treatment options are available, although often the acetabular defect cannot be corrected with a single option alone. Precise assessment of the bone loss and a suitable combination of methods are needed. Here we report a case of multiple failures with impaction bone grafting reconstruction for an acetabular bone defect of American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification type III. We finally reconstructed the acetabulum with three femoral head allografts and a Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device. The allograft was a casted, jet-type helmet-like shape. A year later the patient was able to walk without a cane and perform light agricultural work. Accurate evaluation of the acetabular bone loss and appropriate reconstruction is important.

Massive allograft replacement in management of bone tumors

Objective： To evaluate the functional outcome and complications of allograft replacement in management of bone tumors. Methods： Between March 1992 and September 2002, 164 patients underwent bone tumor resection and massive allograft reconstruction of bone defects. The length of the resected part ranged from 5-35 cm. The resections were classified as marginal or wide resections of the tumor on the basis of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society staging system. Fresh-frozen allografts were employed as osteoarticular grafts （n = 95）, hemi-condylar （n = 15）, massive （n = 23）, allograft-prosthesis composite （n = 12）, intercalary grafts （n = 15） or hemi-pelvic grafts （n = 4）. Most of the lesions were osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor of bone and located in proximal and distal femur, proximal tibia and humerus. Results： At a median follow-up of 47 months （range, 12 to 168 months） after the operation, 154 of the patients in the study were free of disease and 10 died of disease. Twenty-one （12.8%） patients had local recurrence and 38 （23.2%） nonunion. Late complications included 11 （6.7%） fractures of the allograft and 18 （11.0%） infections of the graft, instability of the joint in the form of subluxation was noted in 13 （7.9%） patients. Ten extremities were amputated due to local recurrence or severe infection. Conclusion： AIIografts can be used for reconstruction of bony defects after tumor resection. AIIograft has nearly similar shape, strength, osteo-inductivity and osteo-conductivity with host bone. AIIograft implantation is a high complication reconstruction method, and the dsk of recurrence increases when less surgical margin achieves.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRANSPLANTATION OF FROZEN CANINE PHALANGEAL JOINT ALLOGRAFTS INCORPORATED WITH AUTOGENIC BONE MARROW

目的 探讨经过多重钻孔并复合自体骨髓的冷冻异体犬足趾关节移植的疗效。方法 24只健康成年杂交犬，制备双侧后肢第2足趾近侧趾间关节1．5cm缺损模型，共48侧，随机分成A、B、C3组（n=16）。分别采用新鲜自体趾间关节（A组）、经钻孔并复合自体新鲜骨髓的冷冻异体趾间关节（B组）及单纯冷冻异体趾间关节（C组）修复缺损。于术后1、3、6和12个月分别行X线摄片和组织病理学检查，了解移植骨关节的成活情况。结果 根据移植关节术后X线片和组织学改变，犬趾骨关节移植后的病变可分为轻度、中度和重度变性3级。A组移植骨关节3～12个月始终表现为轻度变性；B组移植骨关节1～6个月为轻度变性，骨孔中央软骨内成骨现象明显，12个月部分移植骨关节为中度变性；C组从1个月出现移植骨关节中度变性，3个月移植骨关节重度变性。结论 冷冻异体犬足趾关节内多重钻孔并复合自体新鲜骨髓．能有效延缓异体骨关节的早、中期变性，单纯冷冻异体骨关节移植后早期可能发生严重变性。

Initial Experience with Tricortical Iliac Crest Bone Graft and Human Amniotic Allograft in Evans Calcaneal Osteotomy

Background: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity is generally mediated with an Evans procedure where a wedge of bone is placed into the calcaneus to better align the foot and decrease the deformity. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of human amniotic allograft applied to allogeneic tri-cortical grafts in Evans calcaneal osteotomy. Methods: The medical records of patients who had Evans calcaneal osteotomy with implantation of tri-cortical iliac crest bone graft with human anmiotic allograft for surgical management of adult acquired flatfoot deformity with 2 years follow-up data were reviewed. Results: A total of 63 patients (mean age: 33.3 yr, range: 18 - 66 yr) were enrolled with adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Median time to weight-bearing was 6 weeks. Time to wearing normal shoes was 10 weeks, and time to radiographic healing was 16 weeks. Conclusions: The use of human amniotic allograft did not diminish the long term outcome of procedure or the short term benchmarks for healing after surgery. There were no nonunion, wound dehiscence, infection, or allergic or immune reaction reported. This retrospective study demonstrated that tri-cortical iliac crest bone graft and HAA could be safely used in Evans calcaneal osteotomy with favorable results.

Scapular bone grafting with allograft pin fixation for repair of bony Bankart lesions: A biomechanical study

BACKGROUND Severe bony Bankart lesions are a difficult challenge in clinical treatment and research.The current treatment methods consist mostly of Latarjet-Bristow surgery and its modified procedures.While good results have been achieved,there are also complications such as coracoid fracture,bone graft displacement,and vascular and nerve injury.AIM To analyze the techniques and biomechanical properties of transversely fixing a bone block from the scapular spine using bone allograft pins with suture threads to repair bony Bankart lesions.METHODS Fresh human shoulder joint specimens and a cadaver specimen model for scapular bone grafting with allograft pin fixation for repair of bony Bankart lesions were used.When the humeral rotation angles were 0°,30°,60°and 90°,and the axial loads were 30 N,40 N,and 50 N,the humerus displacement was studied by biomechanical experiments.RESULTS When the angle of external rotation of the humerus was 0°,30°,60°,and 90°,with axial loads of 30 N,40 N,and 50 N,the data of the normal control group,allograft pin repair group,and titanium alloy hollow screw repair group were compared with each other by the q-test,which showed that there were no statistically differences among the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The joints repaired with bone block from the scapular spine transversely fixed with allograft bony pins to repair bony Bankart lesions show good mechanical stability.The bone block has similar properties to normal glenohumeral joints in terms of biomechanical stability.

Surgery for fibrous dysplasia associated with aneurysmal-bone-cystlike changes in right proximal femur:A case report

BACKGROUND Fibrous dysplasia associated with aneurysmal bone cyst(ABC)-like changes in the right proximal femur has a low incidence.It is considered more difficult to make early diagnosis than for single fibrous dysplasia.CASE SUMMARY A 14-year-old woman was admitted because of persistent pain in the right hip and abnormal gait over the previous 2 mo.She had no history of present or past illness.Preoperative photography,enhanced computed tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging showed ground-glass appearance with cortical scalloping and expansion of the right proximal femur and femoral neck.Pathological examination by preoperative puncture biopsy revealed fibrous dysplasia of the right proximal femur.The patient was diagnosed with fibrous dysplasia based on medical history,physical examination,and results of laboratory,imaging and pathological examinations.According to final pathological examination,the patient was diagnosed with fibrous dysplasia of the right proximal femur associated with ABC.Curettage and allograft along with fixation of compression screws was performed for fibrous dysplasia associated with ABClike changes.No obvious allograft absorption,loosening of fixation,or secondary fracture were observed during 6-months’follow-up with re-examination by plain radiography and computed tomography.Fibrous dysplasia associated with ABClike changes in the right proximal femur has a low incidence and early diagnosis is considered more difficult than for single fibrous dysplasia.CONCLUSION We report a cases of fibrous dysplasia associated with ABC-like changes in the right proximal femur treated with curettage and allograft along with hip compression screws.

Fibula allograft transplantation combined with locking plate for treatment of recurrent monostotic fibular fibrous dysplasia:A case report

BACKGROUND Fibrous dysplasia is a congenital disorder in which normal bone is replaced by fibro-osseous tissue or irregular trabeculae of woven bone intermixed with mature collagenous tissue.A single or multiple bones are affected.This rare bone disorder has three clinical patterns including monostotic,polyostotic,and that associated with McCune-Albright syndrome.Most studies report primary fibrous dysplasia.However,a few cases of recurrent monostotic fibular fibrous dysplasia have been reported.Here,we report a therapeutic strategy for recurrent fibular fibrous dysplasia.CASE SUMMARY A 4-year-old boy was admitted for persistent pain in the left lower limb and abnormal gait over the previous 9 mo.He had no history of present or past illness.Preoperative imaging data showed erosion-like changes with bone expansion of the left middle and lower fibular segment.Tumor tissue in the fibular bone marrow cavity was removed by curettage,and rapid intraoperative pathological examination suggested fibular fibrous dysplasia.An allograft was implanted into the fibular medullary cavity.However,he was readmitted with clinical symptoms including persistent pain,abnormal gait,and local swelling at the age of 6 years.He was diagnosed with recurrent fibular fibrous dysplasia based on the second medical examination.He underwent fibular bone tumor radical resection and longus fibular allograft transplantation combined with fibular bone locking plate and screws.Good host bone to allogenic bone graft fusion was observed by the physician on postoperative regular follow-up.CONCLUSION Radical resection of fibrous dysplasia and longus fibula allograft combined with internal fixation for reconstruction are suitable for the treatment of recurrent monostotic fibular fibrous dysplasia.

自体髂骨和同种异体骨植入治疗SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折应用自体髂骨和同种异体骨植入治疗的临床疗效。方法 74例SchatzkerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折患者,按手术植骨治疗方法不同分为自体髂骨组和异体骨组,各37例。两组均采用胫骨近端外侧锁定钢板内固定,自体髂骨组胫骨平台塌陷处植入自体髂骨,异体骨组胫骨平台塌陷处植入异体骨。比较两组手术相关指标,术后3、6个月的美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分及膝关节屈曲活动度,并发症发生情况。结果 自体髂骨组术中出血量(62.70±3.34)ml多于异体骨组的(44.50±3.03)ml,手术时间(86.50±5.87)min、骨折愈合时间(18.40±3.20)周长于异体骨组的(77.30±2.98)min、(14.80±2.29)周,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后3、6个月的HSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后3、6个月的膝关节屈曲活动度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异体骨组并发症发生率为5.4%(2/37),与自体髂骨组的8.1(3/37)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 同种异体骨较自体髂骨在骨折愈合时间、手术时间、出血量方面相对具有优势,但在术后膝关节功能、膝关节活动度方面效果相当,说明同种异体骨与自体髂骨植骨治疗schatkzerⅡ型胫骨平台骨折各有优势,可根据患者具体情况进行手术的选择。

大多角骨切除联合韧带重建异体肌腱填塞治疗第1腕掌骨关节炎的疗效评价

目的通过对大多角骨切除联合韧带重建异体肌腱填塞治疗第1腕掌关节炎的随访和研究,用以评价该术式的治疗效果。方法2017年1月-2022年6月,本科采用大多角骨切除联合韧带重建异体肌腱填塞治疗第1腕掌骨关节炎(EatonⅢ期及Ⅳ期)患者25例,术前根据影像学Eaton分期:Ⅲ期4例,Ⅳ期21例。术后评价治疗效果,客观评价包括患肢捏力、握力、拇指外展角度(掌侧、桡侧)、拇指对掌功能评分(Kapandj评分)和第1掌沉降率;主观评价包括视觉模拟评分(VAS)及上肢功能障碍评分(DASH)。结果术后25例平均随访16个月,末次随访时,所有患者疼痛明显减轻,力量明显提高,关节活动范围及功能明显改善,第1掌骨的高度得到了较好的维持,第1腕掌关节的功能恢复良好,并且能回到之前的工作岗位,按照Robbins腕关节评分标准综合评定:优12例,良11例,可2例,优良率达92.0%。结论大多角骨切除联合韧带重建异体肌腱填塞治疗第1腕掌骨关节炎可明显缓解疼痛,改善第1腕掌关节功能,并能在术后维持第1掌骨的高度,疗效确实值得推广应用。

Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion: A brief review

Bone graft substitutes are widely used in the field of orthopedics and are extensively used to promote vertebral fusion. Fusion is the most common technique in spine surgery and is used to treat morbidities and relieve discomfort. Allograft and autograft bone substitutes are currently the most commonly used bone grafts to promote fusion. These approaches pose limitations and present complications to the patient. Numerous alternative bone graft substitutes are on the market or have been developed and proposed for application. These options have attempted to promote spine fusion by enhancing osteogenic properties. In this review, we reviewed biology of spine fusion and the current advances in biomedical materials and biological strategies for application in surgical spine fusion. Our findings illustrate that, while many bone graft substitutes perform well as bone graft extenders, only osteoinductive proteins(recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osteogenic protein-1) provide evidence for use as both bone enhancers and bone substitutes for specific types of spinal fusion. Tissue engineered hydrogels, synthetic polymer composites and viral based gene therapy also holds the potential to be used for spine fusion in future, though warrants further investigation to be used in clinical practice.

Use of demineralized bone matrix in the extremities

Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard for all indications for bone grafting procedures but the limited availability and complications in donor site resulted in seeking other options like allografts andbone graft substitutes. Demineralized bone matrix(DBM) is an allograft product with no quantity limitation. It is an osteoconductive material with osteoinductive capabilities, which vary among different products, depending on donor characteristics and differences in processing of the bone. The purpose of the present review is to provide a critical review of the existing literature concerning the use of DBM products in various procedures in the extremities. Clinical studies describing the use of DBM alone or in combination with other grafting material are available for only a few commercial products. The Level of Evidence of these studies and the resulting Grades of Recommendation are very low. In conclusion, further clinical studies of higher quality are required in order to improve the Recommendation Grades for or against the use of DBM products in bone grafting procedures.

Human Amniotic Allograft in Use on Talar Dome Lesions: A Prospective Report of 37 Patients

One of the most challenging joint conditions facing ankle surgeons today is the treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) of the talar dome. The use of human amniotic allograft (HAA) in various surgical procedures, has been proven to facilitate bone growth and both soft tissue and cartilage healing. The authors of this paper propose the addition of HAA to the surgical repair of talar dome lesions to improve postoperative results, specifically pain reduction. For the study, 37 patients were identified having an OCD lesion of the talus measuring no larger than 2 cm2. All patients were treated surgically with an arthroscopic micro-fracture repair along with the addition of HHA. Modified ACFAS ankle scores were taken pre-operatively and at 3 months, 12 months, and at 24 months postoperatively. Visual analog scores were also taken preoperative and 24 months postoperatively. The size of the talar lesions documented with pre-operative MRI’s was compared with intra-operative measurements for each patient. Additional surgical repairs, comorbidities and any complications were also recorded and evaluated. All patients were treated with micro-fracture with HAA. Postoperative ACFAS scores for 3 months, 12 months and 24 months were significantly improved (p < 0.0001) compared with average preoperative scores. Additionally, VAS scores were also significantly improved when comparing the average pre-operative (4.9) and post-operative (1.1) pain scores (p < 0.0001). The size of the lesions documented by pre-operative MRI correlated to intra-operative measurements. There were no identified complications. The addition of HAA to arthroscopic micro-fracture repair of talar dome lesions measuring less than 2 cm2?has shown to significantly improve both post-operative VAS scores, when compared to preoperative scores. This improvement in ACFAS and VAS scores speaks to the potential use of HAA in the treatment of OCD.

Strength and selection of corticocancellous allografts for anterior interbody spinal fusion

Objective: To quantify the strength of the grafts from different body sites and determine the optimalselection of corticocancellous allografts for anterior interbody fusion. Methods: Complete sets of paired freshfrozen femurs, humeri, tibias and iliac crests were obtained from 6 individual donors. One centimeter thick slicesstarting from the proximal and distal bone ends were cut from the non--diaphysial portions of the long bones usinga razor saw with a customized miter box. 2. 5 cm× 3. 0 cm × 1. 0 cm unicortical bone blocks were shaped similarlyfor clinical use as a lumbar interbody graft. Multiple 1 cm thick grafts with 1. 5 cm depth were obtained from theiliac crests, to simulate a cervical interbody graft. The left and right sides of each pair were randomized intoperpendicular and parallel cut groups in the long bones or tricortical and bicortical preparations of the iliac graft.The samples were tested on an MTS by applying a compressive load to failure. Results: The failure loads of distaltibia and femoral head grafts were significantly higher than distal femur, proximal tibia and burneral head grafts(PR0. 05). The strength of the grafts prepared by parallel cutting decreased significantly as compared with theperpendicular cutting (P <0. 05). No significant changes were seen in femoral and burneral head grafts for the 2sectioning orientations. The grafts closer to the anterior superior iliac spine had significant higher failure loads andfailure strengths than those closer to the posterior superior iliac spine. After trimming off the lateral cortex, themean strength of the bicortical grafts decreased significantly as compared with the tricortical grafts (P <0. 05).Conclusion: The grafts from femoral head and distal tibia by perpendicular cutting have higher failure load than theload bearing in lumbar spine. The grafts cut close to the anterior superior iliac spine are recommended for cervicalinterbody fusion.

The Use of Human Amniotic Allograft on Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talar Dome: A Comparison with and without Allografts in Arthroscopically Treated Ankles

Arthroscopy of the ankle with micro-fracture technique is one way to initially treat symptomatic talar dome lesions. Human amniotic allograft has been used in similar bone, soft tissue and cartilage defects to aid in healing of tissue using graft cells that have not differentiated into a particular cell line. Patients were taken from the primary surgeon’s practice to include those who had undergone arthroscopy with micro-fracture technique for treatment of a talar dome lesion less than 2 cm2. 101 patient surgeries were completed arthroscopically without additional major procedures. 54 surgeries were completed with human amniotic allograft;47 were completed without (control group). Modified ACFAS ankle scores were taken pre-operatively, 3, 12 and 24 months post-operatively. Visual analog pain scores were taken pre-operatively and 24 months post-operatively. Results comparing pre-operative modified ACFAS scores between the control and graft groups were not significantly different (p = 0.14). There was a significant improvement in both groups’ scores following ankle arthroscopy with micro-fracture as expected. However, the amniotic tissue group did significantly better when comparing the post-operative scores between the control and graft group. Pain scores comparing control and amniotic patient groups were significant (p < 0.001) with amniotic allograft patients achieving a greater improvement in pain reduction than the control both early and at 24 months. There were no complications, wound dehiscence or infections recorded. Combining ankle arthroscopy/micro-fracture technique with human amniotic allograft on talar dome lesions, less than 2 cm2, significantly improves the patients’ pain and ACFAS scores.

Revision of Outcomes and Complications Following Open Reduction, and Zigzag Osteotomy Combined with Fibular Allograft for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Children

Background: Reports of the efficacy of open reduction and Zigzag Osteotomy combined Fibular Allograft (ZOFA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term outcomes and complications after surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective match-controlled study in which 158 patients had 181 hips with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Radiographs were found of acetabular index, height of dislocation, T&ouml;nnis grade, abduction angle in the spica cast, and Severin grade. At final follow-up, deformity of femoral head or neck or acetabulum was evaluated according to the Severin. Avascular necrosis was rated according to Kalamchi. Clinical evaluation was made according to modified McKay criteria. Results: Between 2009 and 2012, 133 girls (84.2%) and 25 boys (15.8%) with developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent open reduction and ZOFA;135 (85.4%) were unilateral, and 23 (14.6%) were bilateral. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 54 patients (62 hips) aged 12 months - ≤18 months and group 2 included 84 patients (119 hips), aged >18 months - ≤36 months. According to T&ouml;nnis system: type 3 appeared in 127 hips (70.2%), and Type 4 in 54 hip (29.8%). The anterior approach was used to expose inner table of the ilium and ZOFA in all cases. Acetabular index was improved;preoperation was 42.95°, and latest follow-up 17.26°. The Kirschner Wires (KW) were not used to fix the fibular allograft at the pelvic osteotomy site. All of the fibular allografts were completely incorporated in mean time of 14 weeks (range, 12 weeks - 17 weeks) post-surgery. Clinical evaluation according to modified McKay criteria: satisfactory result (excellent and good) was achieved in 141 hips (77.9%). Avascular Necrosis (AVN) happened in 61 hips (33.7%), redislocation in 18 hips (9.9%), coxa vara in 4 hips (2.2%), trendelenburg gait in 4 hips (2.2%), and supracondylar femoral fractures in 2 hips (1.1%). Conclusions: On the basis of this study, ZOFA was strength and graft was not resorption, graft problems;without medial displacement of the distal fragment. Acetabular index was improved, without KW problem. Surgical technique with ZOFA did not expose outer table of the illium, limiting abductor muscle injury with negative trendelenburg gait;on the other hand, the blood loss from this procedure is acceptable. Some complications have been seen in this study: AVN, redislocation, coxa magna, coxa vara, trendelenburg gait, and distal femoral fracture.

同种异体移植物处置方法影响犬前交叉韧带重建术后腱骨愈合界面的骨重塑

背景:使用同种异体移植物进行前交叉韧带重建手术后的腱骨愈合过程复杂,愈合不良易导致隧道扩大。术前移植物的处理过程可能对腱骨愈合存在一定影响,但是具体情况并不清楚。目的:探讨同种异体移植物术前处置方法对韧带重建术后腱骨愈合过程中骨重塑的影响。方法:取32只雄性比格犬,建立双侧后膝前交叉韧带断裂模型后,采用抛硬币法随机分4组进行前交叉韧重建手术:A组以新鲜自体跟腱为移植物,B组以新鲜同种异体跟腱为移植物,C组以γ射线辐照后低温冷藏的同种异体跟腱为移植物,D组以冻干后经γ射线辐照的同种异体跟腱为移植物,每组8只。术后3,6个月取股骨-移植物-胫骨复合体,行Micro CT扫描和组织切片破骨细胞抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色,扫描图像进一步行骨微观结构参数测量,并建立3D骨隧道模型测量隧道面积。结果与结论:(1)Micro CT扫描:术后3个月,D组连接密度、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、骨体积与总体积比值及结构模型指数均低于A、C组(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度高于A组(P<0.05);B组接密度、骨小梁数量及结构模型指数均低于A组(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度高于A组(P<0.05),骨体积与总体积比值低于A、C组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,D组连接密度、骨小梁数量及骨体积与总体积比值均低于A组(P<0.05),骨小梁厚度及结构模型指数均低于A、C组(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度高于A组(P<0.05);B组连接密度、结构模型指数低于A组(P<0.05),骨小梁厚度低于A、C组(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度高于A组(P<0.05);(2)抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色:与A组相比,B、D组破骨细胞染色更深且数量更多;C组破骨细胞在形态和数量上类似于A组,体积偏小且着色偏淡;(3)隧道面积:相同时间点下,D组股骨与胫骨隧道扩大程度最大;B组术后3个月的股骨隧道内口、术后3,6个月的股骨隧道内口与中部面积均大于A组(P<0.05),术后3,6个月的胫骨隧道内口面积大于A组(P<0.05);(4)结果显示:前交叉韧带重建术后腱骨愈合过程中骨隧道扩大现象普遍存在,移植物处置方法通过影响腱骨界面破骨细胞介导的骨吸收导致骨微观结构的改变,从而干预腱骨愈合过程中的骨重塑。

同种异体结构植骨加锁定钢板治疗肱骨头塌陷的Neer 4部分骨折

目的:探讨同种异体股骨头作为结构植骨结合肱骨近端锁定内固定系统(proximal humeral internal locking system,PHILOS)治疗肱骨头塌陷的肱骨近端Neer 4部分骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2018年1月至2020年11月采用同种异体结构植骨加肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗18例肱骨头塌陷的肱骨近端骨折患者,其中男4例,女14例;年龄55~78(68.11±7.20)岁;骨折按照Neer分型均为4部分骨折。观察患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量和骨折愈合时间,颈干角、肱骨头的高度丢失情况,骨折愈合情况、内固定断裂及退出情况,末次随访时采用Neer功能评分进行临床疗效评价。结果:18例患者获得随访,时间10~12(11.08±0.65)个月。手术时间(66.44±5.06)min,术中出血量(206.67±36.14)ml,术后引流量(76.11±9.63)ml,骨折愈合时间(17.28±3.92)周,末次随访颈干角丢失度数(5.44±0.86)°,肱骨头高度丢失(1.43±0.27)mm。所有患者获得骨性愈合,无内固定断裂、退出、穿出及肱骨头坏死等并发症。末次随访时Neer评分(89.61±5.60)分,优10例,良6例,可2例。结论:同种异体股骨头作为结构植骨结合肱骨近端锁定内固定系统治疗肱骨头部塌陷Neer 4部分骨折,术后头部高度丢失不明显,骨折愈合顺利,无肱骨头坏死及螺钉切出等相关并发症,术后关节功能恢复良好。

同种异体骨移植辅助PRP技术对Hepple V型距骨骨软骨损伤患者短期效果及TGF⁃β1、PDG、VEGF的影响

目的分析同种异体骨移植辅助富血小板血浆技术(PRP)技术对HeppleV型距骨骨软骨损伤患者短期效果及转化生长因子β1(TGF⁃β1)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDG)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响。方法选择河北省沧州中西医结合医院自2021年7月至2022年11月间收诊的116例HeppleV型距骨骨软骨损伤患者,根据不同的治疗方案分为对照组(自体骨软骨移植治疗,n=57)、研究组(同种异体骨移植辅助PRP技术治疗,n=59),对比两组临床相关指标情况[视觉模拟量表(VAS)、完全负重时间、住院时间]、踝功能情况[囊肿直径、踝与后足功能评分(AOFAS)、核磁共振关节软骨损伤修复评估表(MOCART)]、生长因子水平(TGF⁃β1、PDG、VEGF)、短期疗效、并发症情况。结果研究组治疗后VAS评分小于对照组,其完全负重时间、住院时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组囊肿直径减少,AOFAS评分、MOCART评分升高,其中研究组各项指标改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗后两组TGF⁃β1水平降低,PDG、VEGF水平升高,其中研究组三种因子变化更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组短期治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组骨不连、骨折愈合延迟、伤口感染的总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论同种异体骨移植辅助PRP技术对HeppleV型距骨骨软骨损伤患者短期治疗效果明显,可改善患者TGF⁃β1、PDG、VEGF因子水平,有较高的临床应用价值,可经深入试验后推广应用。

Knee Osteoarthritis Treated with Percutaneous Chondral-Bone Interface Optimization: A Pilot Trial

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of using tibial bone marrow delivered to the chondral-bone interface (CBI) via percutaneous chondral bone interface optimization (PeCaBoo) as a therapy for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Study Design: A series of prospective cases were presented. Participants: Our study included 10 patients with medial or lateral compartment knee OA. Methods: With 1 cc of heparin pre-loaded in the syringe, 5 cc of tibial bone marrow was withdrawn from the proximal tibia. The resultant 6 cc of aspirate in the syringe was injected via PeCaBoo, 2 cc at a time, into the superior CBI and inferior CBI. The remaining 2 cc was injected via needle into the intra-articular joint space. Main Outcome Measurements: Patients had MRIs taken pre-procedure and 3 months post-procedure to measure bone edema and intra-articular matrix thickness. Patient-reported outcomes recorded included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Numeric Paint Rating Scale (NRS), which were both obtained pre-procedure and post-procedure at 3, 6, and 12 months. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) was recorded pre- and post-procedure as well. Results: Our study included 4 males and 6 females, with an average age of 63.5 years. The average follow-up time was 14 months, with a range of 13 - 15 months. The mean WOMAC score was 58.2 points pre-procedure and 35.3 points post-procedure (p < 0.01). The mean NRS-Pain score was 8.6 points pre-procedure and 2.8 points post-procedure (p < 0.01). The matrix thickness increased by 14% on average at 3 months post-procedure (p < 0.01). The proportion of patients taking NSAIDs decreased by 60% after the PeCaBoo procedure. The subgroup of patients with tibial edema and knee OA had optimal outcomes. Conclusions: Tibial bone marrow stem cell delivered via PeCaBoo is a novel minimally-invasive treatment for knee OA, with potential to repair cartilage and improve knee pain and function.

A histomorphometric and molecular study on stress adaptability of freeze-dried bone allograft

Objective To Investigate stress adaptability of freeze-dried bone allograft.Methods Cortical and cancellous allograft were transplanted to each side of the midshaft diaphyseal ulna in two groups of 28 animals.The left transplanted allograft was free from fixation and bore a normal physiological lcad,while the right transplanted allograft was protected from loading by a simple external fixator and bore less load.Animals were sacrificed at the 2nd,4th,8th,16th week after transplantation and specimens were taken out for bone histomorphometry studies and analysis of collagen gene expression by in situ Cdna-Mrna hybridization.Results Labeled surface(LS)and bone mineral apposition rate(MAR)of the normally loaded graft-host bone interface were significantly higher than that of the less loaded side at the 4th,8th,16th week after transplantation.Parameters reflecting the internal repair process of the allograft,such as LS in cortical and cancellous bone or MAR in cortical bone of the normally loaded side were significantly higher than those of the less loaded side at the 16th week after transplantation.The result of in situ hybridization indicated that more osteoblast-like cells expressing the type Ⅰ collagen gene were found in the interface or interior of normally loaded grafts.Conclusion The stimulus of physiologic load can accelerate the early union of allograft-host bone interface and later new bone creep substitution to the necrotic allograft.