This experiment was carried out at Mansehra during cropping season of 2013. There were three French bean cultivars and four different plant spacings. The experiment was laid out on a Randomized Complete Block Design ...This experiment was carried out at Mansehra during cropping season of 2013. There were three French bean cultivars and four different plant spacings. The experiment was laid out on a Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with three replications. Different cultivars, plant spacings and their interactions significantly influenced all the parameters studied. Maximum days to flowering （59.33） and seed maturity （97.66） were recorded in cultivar Komal Green grown at 15 cm spacing, while, maximum 100-grain weight （42.20 g） was noted in cultivar Peshawar Local grown at 60 cm spacing. However, maximum fresh pod yield·plant^-1 （109.67 g）, number of seed·pod^-1 （7.99） and seed yield.hm2 （1 4373 kg） were recorded in cultivar Paulista grown at spacing of 45 cm. Whereas, maximum plant height （40.50 cm） was noticed in cultivar Paulista grown at 15 era plant spacing. While, the least number of days to flowering （50.33） and to seed maturity （85.66） were taken by cultivar Paulista grown at 60 cm plant spacing. Likewise, minimum seed yield （311.9 kg·hm^2） was recorded in plants of cultivar Komal Green spaced at 60 cm plant spacing. While, minimum fresh pod weight, plantI （67.00 g） and number of seed·pod^-1 （4.66） were attained in cultivar Peshawar Local grown at 15 cm plant spacing, whereas, minimum plant height （27.59 cm） and 100-grain weight （15.60 g） were recorded for cultivar Komal Green grown at 45 and 15 cm, respectively.展开更多
An experiment to evaluate the bio-control potential of Leonotis nepetifolia and Ocimum gratissimum plant extracts against two-spotted spider mites on French beans was conducted in the field. Five plant extract concent...An experiment to evaluate the bio-control potential of Leonotis nepetifolia and Ocimum gratissimum plant extracts against two-spotted spider mites on French beans was conducted in the field. Five plant extract concentrations (1.5%, 3.0%, 6.0% and 12.0% w/v) were applied with water and Abamectin 0.6 ml/L as controls. Mite counts were done before and after treatment application and expressed as corrected percent efficacy. The impact of the mites on the French beans was evaluated by recording percent leaf reduction and quality and quantity by number of pods, pod length, diameter and yield. There was a dose dependent response in percent mite and leaf reduction, number of pods and yield. Treatments applied at 12% w/v indicated higher mite reduction (82.75%) for L. nepetifolia and 69.06% for O. gratissimum compared to abamectin (65.76%). The lowest percent leaf reduction of 1.71% for L. nepetifolia 0.39% for O. gratissimum and abamectin (20.46%) was also at 12% w/v. Similarly, the highest number of pod (61.00) for L. nepetifolia, 48.67 for O. gratissimum compared to 28.33 abamectin and yield (0.88 kg) for L. nepetifolia and 0.90 kg for O. gratissimum was also recorded at 12% w/v compared to 0.36 kg for abamectin. There were no significant differences in pod diameter and pod length between the extracts concentrations and abamectin. The study demonstrated the efficacy of L. nepetifolia and O. gratissimum in managing two-spotted spider mite and subsequent increase in French bean yield under field conditions.展开更多
This paper reports the characterization of naturally occurring rhizobacteria from NE India for the control of wilt and damping-off diseases in French beans. French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most impor...This paper reports the characterization of naturally occurring rhizobacteria from NE India for the control of wilt and damping-off diseases in French beans. French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legumes for direct human consumption which was originated from South and Central America. In NE India wilt and damping-off in beans are serious diseases which are mainly caused by Fusarium spp and Rhizoctonia solani. Out of 625 bacterial isolates obtained from French bean growing fields of Manipur, 15 potential isolates were selected, whose inhibition zone width were more than 15 mm. Strain IBSD-LKBI exhibited strong antagonistic activity and can inhibit both the pathogens. Besides, this strain also produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (protease, chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase), secondary metabolites (Siderophore, HCN). It also produces plant growth promoting hormone (IAA) and can solubilize organic phosphate. Burkholderia cepacia IBSD-LKBI exhibited the highest plant growth promotion and BCA. After 60 days of treatment, plant height, root length, fresh weight and % of disease suppression were significantly (P Burkholderia cepacia (98%). Multiple sequence alignment & phylogram with closely related sequence accessions using MEGA Software revealed this naturally occurring biocontrol bacteria belongs to Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar I based on the Biolog identification system with 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. This organism is one of the new reports from NE India for the control of wilt and damping-off diseases in French beans.展开更多
文摘This experiment was carried out at Mansehra during cropping season of 2013. There were three French bean cultivars and four different plant spacings. The experiment was laid out on a Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with three replications. Different cultivars, plant spacings and their interactions significantly influenced all the parameters studied. Maximum days to flowering （59.33） and seed maturity （97.66） were recorded in cultivar Komal Green grown at 15 cm spacing, while, maximum 100-grain weight （42.20 g） was noted in cultivar Peshawar Local grown at 60 cm spacing. However, maximum fresh pod yield·plant^-1 （109.67 g）, number of seed·pod^-1 （7.99） and seed yield.hm2 （1 4373 kg） were recorded in cultivar Paulista grown at spacing of 45 cm. Whereas, maximum plant height （40.50 cm） was noticed in cultivar Paulista grown at 15 era plant spacing. While, the least number of days to flowering （50.33） and to seed maturity （85.66） were taken by cultivar Paulista grown at 60 cm plant spacing. Likewise, minimum seed yield （311.9 kg·hm^2） was recorded in plants of cultivar Komal Green spaced at 60 cm plant spacing. While, minimum fresh pod weight, plantI （67.00 g） and number of seed·pod^-1 （4.66） were attained in cultivar Peshawar Local grown at 15 cm plant spacing, whereas, minimum plant height （27.59 cm） and 100-grain weight （15.60 g） were recorded for cultivar Komal Green grown at 45 and 15 cm, respectively.
文摘An experiment to evaluate the bio-control potential of Leonotis nepetifolia and Ocimum gratissimum plant extracts against two-spotted spider mites on French beans was conducted in the field. Five plant extract concentrations (1.5%, 3.0%, 6.0% and 12.0% w/v) were applied with water and Abamectin 0.6 ml/L as controls. Mite counts were done before and after treatment application and expressed as corrected percent efficacy. The impact of the mites on the French beans was evaluated by recording percent leaf reduction and quality and quantity by number of pods, pod length, diameter and yield. There was a dose dependent response in percent mite and leaf reduction, number of pods and yield. Treatments applied at 12% w/v indicated higher mite reduction (82.75%) for L. nepetifolia and 69.06% for O. gratissimum compared to abamectin (65.76%). The lowest percent leaf reduction of 1.71% for L. nepetifolia 0.39% for O. gratissimum and abamectin (20.46%) was also at 12% w/v. Similarly, the highest number of pod (61.00) for L. nepetifolia, 48.67 for O. gratissimum compared to 28.33 abamectin and yield (0.88 kg) for L. nepetifolia and 0.90 kg for O. gratissimum was also recorded at 12% w/v compared to 0.36 kg for abamectin. There were no significant differences in pod diameter and pod length between the extracts concentrations and abamectin. The study demonstrated the efficacy of L. nepetifolia and O. gratissimum in managing two-spotted spider mite and subsequent increase in French bean yield under field conditions.
文摘This paper reports the characterization of naturally occurring rhizobacteria from NE India for the control of wilt and damping-off diseases in French beans. French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legumes for direct human consumption which was originated from South and Central America. In NE India wilt and damping-off in beans are serious diseases which are mainly caused by Fusarium spp and Rhizoctonia solani. Out of 625 bacterial isolates obtained from French bean growing fields of Manipur, 15 potential isolates were selected, whose inhibition zone width were more than 15 mm. Strain IBSD-LKBI exhibited strong antagonistic activity and can inhibit both the pathogens. Besides, this strain also produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (protease, chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase), secondary metabolites (Siderophore, HCN). It also produces plant growth promoting hormone (IAA) and can solubilize organic phosphate. Burkholderia cepacia IBSD-LKBI exhibited the highest plant growth promotion and BCA. After 60 days of treatment, plant height, root length, fresh weight and % of disease suppression were significantly (P Burkholderia cepacia (98%). Multiple sequence alignment & phylogram with closely related sequence accessions using MEGA Software revealed this naturally occurring biocontrol bacteria belongs to Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar I based on the Biolog identification system with 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. This organism is one of the new reports from NE India for the control of wilt and damping-off diseases in French beans.
