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Anti-Jamming Performance of Fountain Coded Differential Frequency Hopping Systems in AWGN 被引量:2
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作者 ZHU Wenjie YI Benshun GAN Liangcai XIE Qiuying 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第A02期53-60,共8页
Based on the anti-jamming performance of differential frequency hopping (DFH) systems in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, Fountain code is introduced to the DFH systems as the outer error correcting c... Based on the anti-jamming performance of differential frequency hopping (DFH) systems in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, Fountain code is introduced to the DFH systems as the outer error correcting code in this paper to investigate the improvements against partial-band jamming over AWGN channel. The performance of Fountain coded DFH is theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. The total frequency of hopping in the simulation is 16, and results show that, on one hand, when exact jamming state information (JSI) is available, and the number of jamming frequency is n= 16, the bit error rate (BER) of 10~3 is achieved with the signal to interference ratio (SIR) approximately 7.5 dB over AWGN channel, and the performance improves about 1-1.5dB compared with the no-coded system. When the number of jamming frequency is n=2, the performance increases 15-17dB. On the other hand, when JSI is unavailable, a joint JSI estimation and decoding algorithm is proposed. The BER of 10 3 is achieved with jamming-frequency n 16, SIR=8dB and signal noise ratio (SNR) 10dB over AWGN channel. It's proved that this algorithm provides robust anti-jamming pertbrmance even without JSI. The anti-jamming performance of Fountain coded DFH systems is obviously superior to no-coded DFH systems. 展开更多
关键词 differential frequency hopping partial- band jamming Fountain codes jamming state estimation
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Multi-user performance analysis of differential frequency hopping system over Rayleigh-fading channel 被引量:2
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作者 陈智 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2008年第2期147-153,共7页
A novel non-coherent detection scheme for differential frequency hopping(DFH)system is proposedin asynchronous multi-user environments over Rayleigh-fading channels.The synchronous and asyn-chronous multi-user perform... A novel non-coherent detection scheme for differential frequency hopping(DFH)system is proposedin asynchronous multi-user environments over Rayleigh-fading channels.The synchronous and asyn-chronous multi-user performances of DFH with the conventional detection scheme and this novel detectionscheme are analyzed,respectively.The performance results are validated with simulation.The results ofanalyses and simulations prove two conclusions.Firstly,the performance of asynchronous multi-user DFHsystem overcomes that of synchronous multi-user DFH system over Rayleigh-fading channel.Secondly,the novel detection scheme can achieve better performance than the conventional non-coherent detectionscheme in asynchronous multi-user environments. 展开更多
关键词 differential frequency hopping(DFH) multi-user performance multi-access interfer-ence(MAI) Rayleigh-fading
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New Iterated Decoding Algorithm Based on Differential Frequency Hopping System 被引量:1
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作者 梁富林 罗伟雄 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2005年第1期27-31,共5页
A new iterated decoding algorithm is proposed for differential frequency hopping (DFH) encoder concatenated with multi-frequency shift-key (MFSK) modulator. According to the character of the frequency hopping (FH) pat... A new iterated decoding algorithm is proposed for differential frequency hopping (DFH) encoder concatenated with multi-frequency shift-key (MFSK) modulator. According to the character of the frequency hopping (FH) pattern trellis produced by DFH function, maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability theory is applied to realize the iterate decoding of it. Further, the initial conditions for the new iterate algorithm based on MAP algorithm are modified for better performance. Finally, the simulation result compared with that from traditional algorithms shows good anti-interference performance. 展开更多
关键词 differential frequency hopping (DFH) maximum a posteriori (MAP) non-coherent detection
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Performance of Luby transform coded frequency hopping systems in partial-band jamming
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作者 卜祥元 邱源 +2 位作者 杨行 周荣花 马园园 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2013年第3期367-373,共7页
Luby transform (LT) codes are proposed to suppress the effect of partial band noise jam- ming in frequency hopping (FH) communication systems. A decoding scheme for joint erasures of severely jammed symbols and er... Luby transform (LT) codes are proposed to suppress the effect of partial band noise jam- ming in frequency hopping (FH) communication systems. A decoding scheme for joint erasures of severely jammed symbols and error correction is proposed. If an uncorrectable error is detected, the receiver erases the jammed symbols and uses incremental redundancy to increase the error-correcting capability. The performance of LT codes, under power-oppressive partial band noise jamming ( PB- N J) with the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), is evaluated via simulation. Even if the jam- mer spreads its high power over half of the hopping bandwidth, LT codes are shown to achieve a tar- get bit error probability of 10 -5, demonstrating their effectiveness as high-performance codes to im- prove the ability of FH systems to combat varying partial band noise jamming. 展开更多
关键词 Luby transform (LT) codes frequency hopping (FH) erasure-correcting partial bandnoise jamming (PBNJ) anti-jam
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Combined Signal Detection Method in Differential Frequency Hopping System
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作者 阎磊 侯春萍 +1 位作者 戴居丰 张平 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2007年第3期215-219,共5页
In order to enhance communication reliability of differential frequency hopping system, a receiver implemented with the concatenation of an optimal subblock-by-subblock maximum a posteriori probability (OBB-MAP) detec... In order to enhance communication reliability of differential frequency hopping system, a receiver implemented with the concatenation of an optimal subblock-by-subblock maximum a posteriori probability (OBB-MAP) detector and a soft-decision Turbo decoder is proposed and validated in both AWGN and Rayleigh flat fading channels. It is shown that the OBB-MAP decoder can iteratively decode a cyclic trellis, and back-search the trellis for any state to obtain estimates for the prior information bits which can be employed by soft-decision Turbo decoder. The proposed receiver achieves a better bit error rate(BER) performance than maximum likelihood sequence estimation(MLSE) detector employing Viterbi algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the combined signal detection method improves communication quality. 展开更多
关键词 subblock-by-subblock MAP detection differential frequency hopping Turbo decoder
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Gigahertz frequency hopping in an optical phase-locked loop for Raman lasers
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作者 毛德凯 税鸿冕 +3 位作者 殷国玲 彭鹏 王春唯 周小计 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期60-65,共6页
Raman lasers are essential in atomic physics,and the development of portable devices has posed requirements for time-division multiplexing of Raman lasers.We demonstrate an innovative gigahertz frequency hopping appro... Raman lasers are essential in atomic physics,and the development of portable devices has posed requirements for time-division multiplexing of Raman lasers.We demonstrate an innovative gigahertz frequency hopping approach of a slave Raman laser within an optical phase-locked loop(OPLL),which finds practical application in an atomic gravimeter,where the OPLL frequently switches between near-resonance lasers and significantly detuned Raman lasers.The method merges the advantages of rapid and extensive frequency hopping with the OPLL’s inherent low phase noise,and exhibits a versatile range of applications in compact laser systems,promising advancements in portable instruments. 展开更多
关键词 Raman lasers optical phase-locked loop frequency hopping
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A Synchronization Acquisition Algorithm Based on the Frequency Hopping Pulses Combining
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作者 She Honghan Cheng Yufan +4 位作者 Zhang Wenzihan Zhang Yaohui Zhao Yuheng Shen Haoran Mou Ying 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期74-87,共14页
As modern electromagnetic environments are more and more complex,the anti-interference performance of the synchronization acquisition is becoming vital in wireless communications.With the rapid development of the digi... As modern electromagnetic environments are more and more complex,the anti-interference performance of the synchronization acquisition is becoming vital in wireless communications.With the rapid development of the digital signal processing technologies,some synchronization acquisition algorithms for hybrid direct-sequence(DS)/frequency hopping(FH)spread spectrum communications have been proposed.However,these algorithms do not focus on the analysis and the design of the synchronization acquisition under typical interferences.In this paper,a synchronization acquisition algorithm based on the frequency hopping pulses combining(FHPC)is proposed.Specifically,the proposed algorithm is composed of two modules:an adaptive interference suppression(IS)module and an adaptive combining decision module.The adaptive IS module mitigates the effect of the interfered samples in the time-domain or the frequencydomain,and the adaptive combining decision module can utilize each frequency hopping pulse to construct an anti-interference decision metric and generate an adaptive acquisition decision threshold to complete the acquisition.Theory and simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly enhances the antiinterference and anti-noise performances of the synchronization acquisition for hybrid DS/FH communications. 展开更多
关键词 adaptive anti-interference frequency hopping synchronization acquisition
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Satellite Navigation Method Based on High-Speed Frequency Hopping Signal 被引量:1
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作者 En Yuan Peng Liu +4 位作者 Weiwei Chen Rui Wang Bing Xu Wenyu Zhang Yanqin Tang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第7期321-337,共17页
Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal... Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal can be used in satellite navigation,the anti-jamming ability of satellite navigation can be improved.Although a recently proposed timefrequency matrix ranging method(TFMR)can use FH signals to realize pseudorange measurement,it cannot transmit navigation messages using the ranging signal which is crucial for satellite navigation.In this article,we propose dual-tone binary frequency shift keyingbased TFMR(DBFSK-TFMR).DBFSK-TFMR designs an extended time-frequency matrix(ETFM)and its generation algorithm,which can use the frequency differences in different dual-tone signals in ETFM to modulate data and eliminate the negative impact of data modulation on pseudorange measurement.Using ETFM,DBFSK-TFMR not only realizes the navigation message transmission but also ensures the precision and unambiguous measurement range of pseudorange measurement.DBFSK-TFMR can be used as an integrated solution for anti-jamming communication and navigation based on FH signals.Simulation results show that DBFSK-TFMR has almost the same ranging performance as TFMR. 展开更多
关键词 satellite navigation frequency hopping RANGING navigation message transmission
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A Fine Synchronization Method for Coherent Fast Frequency Hopping
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作者 Xuanhe Yang Weike Zhang +3 位作者 Shixun Luo Chang Li Xiaqing Miao Aihua Wang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第10期163-184,共22页
Coherent fast frequency hopping(CFFH)is attracting growing attention owing to its good antijamming performance and the coherent combining ability.However,compared with the conventional non-coherent fast frequency hopp... Coherent fast frequency hopping(CFFH)is attracting growing attention owing to its good antijamming performance and the coherent combining ability.However,compared with the conventional non-coherent fast frequency hopping,CFFH requires a more precise system synchronization.In this paper,we propose a new fine synchronization algorithm for CFFH.This algorithm consists two stages,namely,open-loop stage and closed-loop stage.In the openloop stage,a grid-based search parameter estimation method is proposed.In the closed-loop stage,we construct a fully coherent phase-locked loop(PLL)and a delay-locked loop(DLL)with decoding feedback structure to perform further fine estimation of the system clock skew and time delay,respectively.Moreover,we analyze the effect of the search parameter settings on the estimation error and derive the root mean squared error(RMSE)of estimates in the steady state of the closed-loop stage.Finally,through simulation,the RMSE performance are compared with the corresponding Cramer-Rao low bound(CRLB)and conventional code loop estimation to show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 fast frequency hopping(FFH) spread spectrum communication fine synchronization
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Preliminary Application of Scale Transformation Stochastic Resonance in Dual-Sequence Frequency Hopping System 被引量:1
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作者 LIU Guangkai SUN Huixian +3 位作者 QUAN Houde CUI Peizhang ZHU Shilei CHI Kuo 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2019年第6期775-781,共7页
Aiming at the detection failure of strong noise interference in the dual channel of the dual-sequence frequency hopping(DSFH),the scale transformation stochastic resonance(STSR)is applied for the first time,and the ou... Aiming at the detection failure of strong noise interference in the dual channel of the dual-sequence frequency hopping(DSFH),the scale transformation stochastic resonance(STSR)is applied for the first time,and the output signal to noise ratio(SNR)is raised effectively,at the same time,the symbol reception is completed for DSFH at low input SNR.Firstly,the radio frequency(RF)and intermediate frequency(IF)signals are analyzed based on the super-heterodyne reception of DSFH;secondly,the equations of probability density function(PDF),output power spectrum and SNR of the STSR output are derived for the IF signal;finally,the algorithm of the optimal matching STSR is proposed with the optimal matching parameters.The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the detection failure,as the global output SNR of DSFH is strongly improved that the output SNR can reach-17.72 d B when the input SNR is-20 d B after the processing of the optimal matching STSR. 展开更多
关键词 the dual-sequence frequency hopping(DSFH) detection of weak signal scale transformation stochastic resonance(STSR) the optimal matching stochastic resonance
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Adaptive Threshold Clipper Combining Receiver for Fast Frequency Hopping Systems during Partial-Band Noise Jamming
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作者 肖立民 许希斌 姚彦 《Tsinghua Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS 2001年第1期42-44,66,共4页
Diversity combining technologies are analyzed for fast frequency-hopping spread spectrum systems during partial-band noise jamming to develop a novel combining receiver called an Adaptive Threshold Clipper Combining R... Diversity combining technologies are analyzed for fast frequency-hopping spread spectrum systems during partial-band noise jamming to develop a novel combining receiver called an Adaptive Threshold Clipper Combining Receiver (ATCCR). The optimal clipping level for an ATCCR is analyzed, computed, and compared with several other diversity combining technologies. Since the ATCCR can estimate the power of the jamming and the number of jammed frequency cells to adaptively adjust the clipper's threshold, the system performance using the adaptive threshold clipper combining technique can be greatly improved. 展开更多
关键词 Fast frequency hopping (FFH) systems partial-band noise jamming diversity combining
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Key technologies of frequency-hopping frequency synthesizer for Bluetooth RF front-end
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作者 徐勇 王志功 +3 位作者 李智群 章丽 闵锐 徐光辉 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2005年第3期260-262,共3页
A scheme of a frequency-hopping frequency-synthesizer applied to a Bluetooth ratio frequency (RF) front-end is presented,and design of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and dual-modulus prescaler are focused o... A scheme of a frequency-hopping frequency-synthesizer applied to a Bluetooth ratio frequency (RF) front-end is presented,and design of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and dual-modulus prescaler are focused on.It is fabricated in a 0.18 μm mixed-signal CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor) process.The power dissipation of VCO is low and a stable performance is gained.The measured phase noise of VCO at 2.4 GHz is less than -114.32 dBc/Hz.The structure of the DMP is optimized and a novel D-latch integrated with "OR" logic gate is used.The measured results show that the chip can work well under a 1.8 V power supply.The power dissipation of the core part in a dual modulus prescaler is only 5.76 mW.An RMS jitter of 2 ps is measured on the output signal at 118.3 MHz.It is less than 0.02% of the clock period. 展开更多
关键词 BLUETOOTH frequency hopping frequency synthesizer voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) dualmodulus prescaler programmable divider
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CONSTRUCTION OF FREQUENCY HOPPING SEQUENCES WITH NO HIT ZONE 被引量:9
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作者 Ye Wenxia Fan Pingzhi 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第3期305-308,共4页
In this paper,a property of Frequency Hopping (FH) sequence set with No Hit Zone (NHZ) is analyzed. Based on matrix transform and mapping methods,respectively,two classes of NHZ FH sequences are presented. These NHZ F... In this paper,a property of Frequency Hopping (FH) sequence set with No Hit Zone (NHZ) is analyzed. Based on matrix transform and mapping methods,respectively,two classes of NHZ FH sequences are presented. These NHZ FH sequences have good Hamming auto-correlation and Hamming cross-correlation properties. FH Code-Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA) communication systems employing such NHZ FH sequences will eliminate multiple-access interference if the maximum time delay is shorter than the length of the NHZ. 展开更多
关键词 frequency hopping (FH) sequences Hamming correlation No Hit Zone (NHZ)
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Novel Frequency Hopping Sequences Generator Based on AES Algorithm 被引量:2
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作者 李振荣 庄奕琪 +1 位作者 张博 张超 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2010年第1期22-27,共6页
A novel frequency hopping(FH) sequences generator based on advanced encryption standard(AES) iterated block cipher is proposed for FH communication systems.The analysis shows that the FH sequences based on AES algorit... A novel frequency hopping(FH) sequences generator based on advanced encryption standard(AES) iterated block cipher is proposed for FH communication systems.The analysis shows that the FH sequences based on AES algorithm have good performance in uniformity, correlation, complexity and security.A high-speed, low-power and low-cost ASIC of FH sequences generator is implemented by optimizing the structure of S-Box and MixColumns of AES algorithm, proposing a hierarchical power management strategy, and applying ... 展开更多
关键词 frequency hopping sequences advanced encryption standard LOW-POWER LOW-COST application specific integrated circuit
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The Linear Span of a Class of Optimal Frequency Hopping Sequences 被引量:1
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作者 高军涛 胡予濮 李雪莲 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第2期147-151,共5页
For the anti-jamming purpose,frequency hopping sequences are required to have a large linear span. In this paper,we firstly give the linear span of a class of optimal frequency hopping sequences. The results show that... For the anti-jamming purpose,frequency hopping sequences are required to have a large linear span. In this paper,we firstly give the linear span of a class of optimal frequency hopping sequences. The results show that the linear span is very small compared with their periods. To improve the linear span,we transform these optimal frequency hopping sequences into new optimal frequency hopping sequences with large linear span by using a general type of permutation polynomials over a finite field. Furthermore,we give the exact values of the linear span of the transformed optimal frequency hopping sequences. 展开更多
关键词 frequency hopping sequences linear span permutation polynomials optimal sets
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Parameter Estimation of Multiple Frequency-Hopping Signals Based on Space-Time-Frequency Analysis by Atomic Norm Soft Thresholding with Missing Observations
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作者 Hongbin Wang Bangning Zhang +2 位作者 Heng Wang Binbin Wu Daoxing Guo 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第7期135-151,共17页
In this paper,we address the problem of multiple frequency-hopping(FH)signal parameters estimation in the presence of random missing observations.A space-time matrix with random missing observations is acquired by a u... In this paper,we address the problem of multiple frequency-hopping(FH)signal parameters estimation in the presence of random missing observations.A space-time matrix with random missing observations is acquired by a uniform linear array(ULA).We exploit the inherent incomplete data processing capability of atomic norm soft thresholding(AST)to analyze the space-time matrix and complete the accurate estimation of the hopping time and frequency of the received FH signals.The hopping time is obtained by the sudden changes of the spatial information,which is implemented as the boundary to divide the time domain signal so that each segment of the signal is a superposition of time-invariant multiple components.Then,the frequency of multiple signal components can be estimated precisely by AST within each segment.After obtaining the above two parameters of the hopping time and the frequency of signals,the direction of arrival(DOA)can be directly calculated by them,and the network sorting can be realized.Results of simulation show that the proposed method is superior to the existing technology.Even when a large portion of data observations is missing,as the number of array elements increases,the proposed method still achieves acceptable accuracy of multi-FH signal parameters estimation. 展开更多
关键词 frequency hopping parameter estimation missing observations atomic norm soft thresholding uniform linear array
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A Novel Complexity Metric of Frequency Hopping Sequences
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作者 蔡觉平 宋文涛 罗汉文 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2004年第1期63-67,共5页
This paper made use of approximate entropy (ApEn) to evaluate the complexities of frequency-hopping (FH) sequences. By defining the maximal randomness of sequences with arbitrary lengths, ApEn can classify different c... This paper made use of approximate entropy (ApEn) to evaluate the complexities of frequency-hopping (FH) sequences. By defining the maximal randomness of sequences with arbitrary lengths, ApEn can classify different complex systems including stochastic processes, deterministic random process and random processes. It modified the conventional ApEn, which is used for continuous data sequence, for the discrete FH sequences. Two important theorems were given and the related main parameters were discussed. The algorithm was tested with several families of FH sequences. The simulation results show that ApEn is able to discern the changing complexities of FH sequences with a relatively small amount of samples of sequences. 展开更多
关键词 frequency hopping (FH) ENTROPY RANDOMNESS CRYPTOGRAPHY
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Frequency hopping in IEEE 802.15.4 to mitigate IEEE 802.11 interference and fading
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作者 JAVED Umer HE Di +1 位作者 LIU Peilin YANG Yueming 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第3期445-455,共11页
In this paper, we investigate the issues of initialization and deployment of wireless sensor networks(WSNs) under IEEE 802.11 b/g interference and fading channels using frequency hopping(FH). We propose an FH algo... In this paper, we investigate the issues of initialization and deployment of wireless sensor networks(WSNs) under IEEE 802.11 b/g interference and fading channels using frequency hopping(FH). We propose an FH algorithm for WSNs, which is implemented and tested with a pair of nodes employing IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks(6 LoWPAN) standard.The merits and demerits of the proposed FH scheme in WSNs are studied under strong IEEE 802.11 b/g interference and frequency selective fading channels. We compare the performance results of the proposed FH scheme with those obtained by single-channel radio in WSNs, and show that FH maintains very reliable data rates in the presence of adverse conditions where the single-channel radio fails. We determine a minimum center frequency offset of channels between IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 b/g-based networks, which guarantees the error free network operation of IEEE802.15.4 using a single channel. We design a second FH procedure comprising only four free channels(15, 20, 25, and 26) of IEEE 802.15.4 standard, and show that in the presence of nearby IEEE 802.11 b/g interference, the IEEE 802.15.4 data rate using this method is always 98% and more. 展开更多
关键词 IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks(WSNs) frequency hopping(FH) interference avoidance COEXISTENCE
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Cipher quasi-chaotic code for frequency hopping communications
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作者 王宏霞 何晨 虞厥邦 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2004年第3期248-256,共9页
The chaotic frequency hopping (FH) communication systems have been presented so far. The chaotic sequences possesses good randomness and sensitive dependence on initial conditions, which is quite advantageous to run t... The chaotic frequency hopping (FH) communication systems have been presented so far. The chaotic sequences possesses good randomness and sensitive dependence on initial conditions, which is quite advantageous to run the FH codes in code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems. But the finite precision of computation and the fact of the low-dimensional chaos predicted easily cause difficulty in chaotic application. In this paper, some disadvantages associated with the conventional FH codes and the chaotic code scrambled by m-sequences are reviewed briefly. In order to overcome these drawbacks to some extents, a new higher performance FH code called cipher quasi-chaotic (CQC) code is proposed, which is generated by combining the clock-controlled stream cipher technique and chaotic dynamics. Performance analysis applying in FH communication systems of this kind of code is given. The privacy of the CQC sequence is also analyzed. 展开更多
关键词 frequency hopping Hamming correlation CHAOS clock-controlled stream cipher.
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Solid-state synthesis and ion transport characteristics of the β-KSbF_(4) for all-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries
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作者 Jiali Liu Huahui Zhao +8 位作者 Jingcheng Xia Lingguang Yi Xiaoyi Chen Dongdu Li Shuhan Ni Xinyi Su Yixuan Chen Min Liu Xianyou Wang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期758-767,共10页
All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries(FIBs)have been recently considered as a post-lithium-ion battery system due to their high safety and high energy density.Just like all solid-state lithium batteries,the key to th... All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries(FIBs)have been recently considered as a post-lithium-ion battery system due to their high safety and high energy density.Just like all solid-state lithium batteries,the key to the development of FIBs lies in room-temperature electrolytes with high ionic conductivity.β-KSbF_(4) is a kind of promising solid-state electrolyte for FIBs owing to its rational ionic conductivity and relatively wide electrochemical stability window at room temperature.However,the previous synthesis routes ofβ-KSbF_(4) required the use of highly toxic hydrofluoric acid and the ionic conductivity of as-prepared product needs to be further improved.Herein,the β-KSbF_(4) sample with an ionic conductivity of 1.04×10^(-4)s cm^(-1)(30°C)is synthesized through the simple solid-state route.In order to account for the high ionic conductivity of the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)are used to characterize the physic-ochemical properties.The results show that the as-synthesizedβ-KSbF_(4) exhibits higher carrier concentra-tion of 1.0×10^(-6)S cm-Hz^(-1)K and hopping frequency of 1.31×10^(6)Hz at 30°C due to the formation of the fluorine vacancies.Meanwhile,the hopping frequency shows the same trend as the changes of ionic conductivity with the changes of temperature,while the carrier concentration is found to be almost con-stant.The two different trends indicate the hopping frequency is mainly responsible for the ionic conduc-tion behavior withinβ-KSbF_(4).Furthermore,the all-solid-state FIBs,in which Ag and Pb+PbF_(2) are adopted as cathode and anode,andβ-KSbF_(4) as fluoride ion conductor,are capable of reversible charge and discharge.The assembled FIBs show a discharge capacity of 108.4 mA h g^(-1) at 1st cycle and 74.2 mA h g^(-1) at 50th cycle.Based on an examination of the capacity decay mechanism,it has been found that deterioration of the electrolyte/electrode interface is an important reason for hindering the commer-cial application of FIBs.Hence,the in-depth comprehension of the ion transport characteristics inβ-KSbF_(4) and the interpretation of the capacity fading mechanism will be conducive to promoting development of high-performanceFIBs. 展开更多
关键词 Solid-state electrolyte Carrier concentration hopping frequency β-KSbF_(4) All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries
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