Analysis and Design of a ΔΣ Modulator for Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis

This paper presents the design considerations and implementation of a novel topology digital multistage-noise-shaping （MASH） delta-sigma modulator suitable for fractional-N phase-locked-loop （PLL） frequency synthesis. In an effort to reduce the complexity and dissipation,a pipeline technique has been used, and the proposed carry save tree （CST） algorithm optimizes the multi-input adder structure. The circuit has been verified through Matlab simulation, ASIC implementation, and FPGA experiment, which exhibits high performance and potential for a gigahertz range,low-power monolithic CMOS frequency synthesizer.

Controlling the light wavefront through a scattering medium based on direct digital frequency synthesis technology

Phase modulation is a crucial step when the frequency-based wavefront optimization technique is exploited to measure the optical transmission matrix(TM) of a scattering medium. We report a simple but powerful method, direct digital frequency synthesis(DDS) technology to modulate the phase front of the laser and measure the TM. By judiciously modulating the phase front of a He–Ne laser beam, we experimentally generate a high quality focus at any targeted location through a 2 mm thick 120 grit ground glass diffuser, which is commercially used in laser display and laser holographic display for improving brightness uniformity and reducing speckle. The signal to noise ratio(SNR) of the clear round focus is 50 and the size is about 44 μm. Our study will open up new avenues for enhancing light energy delivery to the optical engine in laser TV to lower the power consumption, phase compensation to reduce the speckle noise, and controlling the lasing threshold in random lasers.

Research on Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Circuit Based on Frequency and Phase-Shift Synthesis Modulation Strategy

The full-bridge converters usually use transformer leakage inductance and parallel resonant capacitors to achieve smooth current commutation and soft switching functions,which can easily cause problems such as energy leakage and significant duty cycle loss.This paper designs a novel full-bridge zero-current(FB-ZCS)converter with series resonant capacitors and proposes a frequency and phase-shift synthesis modulation(FPSSM)control strategy based on this topology.Compared with the traditional parallel resonant capacitor circuit,the passive components used are significantly reduced,the structure is simple,and there is only a slight energy loss.By controlling the charging time of the capacitor,it can be achieved without additional switches or auxiliary circuits.The automatic control of capacitor energy based on input current addresses the low efficiency of the traditional control strategies.This paper introduces its principle in detail and verifies it through simulation.Finally,an experimental prototype was built further to demonstrate the feasibility of the theory through experiments.The module can be applied to a photovoltaic DC collection system using input parallel output series(IPOS)cascade to provide a new topology for large-scale,long-distance DC transmission.

Novel analysis method for the spurious spectrum of direct digitalfrequency synthesizer in the presence of phase truncation

Based on the analysis of the spurious introduced by phase accumulation truncation which was made by Nicholas, a new simplified algorithm for spurious spectrum in the presence of phase truncation is presented by using the mapping mathematics and number theoretic method, it is possible to precisely analyze the spurious location and the spurious amplitude introduced by phase truncation in practical applications by computer.

A 4 GHz 32 bit direct digital frequency synthesizer based on a novel architecture

This paper presents a novel direct digital frequency synthesizer （DDFS） architecture based on nonlinear DAC coarse quantization and the ROM-based piecewise approximation method, which has the advantages of high speed, low power and low hardware resources. By subdividing the sinusoid into a collection of phase segments, the same initial value of each segment is realized by a nonlinear DAC. The ROM is decomposed with a coarse ROM and fine ROM using the piecewise approximation method. Then, the coarse ROM stores the offsets between the initial value of the common segment and the initial value of each line in the same segment. Meanwhile, the fine ROM stores the differences between the line values and the initial value of each line. A ROM compression ratio of 32 can be achieved in the case of 11 bit phase and 9 bit amplitude. Based on the above method, a prototype chip was fabricated using 1.4 #m GaAs HBT technology. The measurement shows an average spurious-free dynamic range （SFDR） of 45 dBc, with the worst SFDR only 40.07 dBc at a 4.0 GHz clock. The chip area is 4.6 × 3.7 mm2 and it consumes 7 W from a --4.9 V power supply.

Design of an experimental platform to investigate the effects of audible sounds on plant growth

An experimental platform was developed to investigate the effects of audible sound(20 Hz to 20 MHz)on plant growth promotion,which included a microcontroller-based embedded system for audible sound adjustment and analysis.The direct digital frequency synthesis(DDFS)method was used to generate various waveforms of sound in the platform.Soundproof glass and mufflers were used to reduce background noise.The developed system was tested on various plants,including hydroponic tomatoes,celery and mung bean.The testing results showed that the developed platform could produce pure tone and mixing audible sound with high stability and accuracy,make octave analysis of the sound under experimental environments,and the background noise in the testing chamber of the platform was lower than 55 dB(A)when the compression engine was working.The developed experimental platform has a great potential on facilitating scientific research on acoustic biology effects on plants and collecting real-time experimental data.