Fresh frozen plasma transfusion does not affect outcomes following hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate whether fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion affects outcomes following hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in terms of liver function,postoperative complications and cancer prognosis.METHODS:We retrospectively compared the incidence of postoperative complications between 204 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC with routine FFP transfusion in an early period (1983-1993,Group A) and 293 with necessity for FFP transfusion during a later period (1998-2006,Group B),and also between two subgroups of Group B [22 patients with FFP transfusion (Group B1) and 275 patients without FFP transfusion (Group B2)].Additionally,only in limited patients in Group B1 and Group B2 with intraoperative blood loss≥ 2000 mL (Group B1 ≥ 2000 mL and Group B2 ≥ 2000 mL),postoperative complications,liver function tests,and cancer prognosis were compared.RESULTS:No mortality was registered in Group B,compared to 8 patients (3.9%) of Group A.The incidence of morbidity in Group B2 [23.2% (64/275)] was not significantly different from Group B1 [40.9% (9/22)] and Group A [27.0% (55/204)].The incidence of complications and postoperative liver function tests were comparable between Group B1 ≥ 2000 mL vs Group B2 ≥ 2000 mL.Postoperative prognosis did not correlate with administration of FFP,but with tumor-related factors.CONCLUSION:The outcome of hepatectomy for HCC is not influenced by FFP transfusion.We suggest FFP transfusion be abandoned in patients who undergo hepatectomy for HCC.

Predictive Value of Initial Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels for Pregnancies after Single Fresh and Frozen Blastocyst Transfer

As one of the earliest markers for predicting pregnancy outcomes, human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) values have been inconclusive on reliability of the prediction after frozen and fresh embryo transfer(ET). In this retrospective study, patients with positive h CG(day 12 after transfer) were included to examine the h CG levels and their predictive value for pregnancy outcomes following 214 fresh and 1513 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles. For patients who got clinical pregnancy, the mean initial h CG value was significantly higher after frozen cycles than fresh cycles, and the similar result was demonstrated for patients with live births(LB). The difference in h CG value existed even after adjusting for the potential covariates. The area under curves(AUC) and threshold values calculated by receiver operator characteristic curves were 0.944 and 213.05 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after fresh ET, 0.894 and 399.50 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after frozen ET, 0.812 and 222.86 m IU/m L for LB after fresh ET, and 0.808 and 410.80 m IU/mL for LB after frozen ET with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In conclusion, single frozen blastocyst transfer leads to higher initial h CG values than single fresh blastocyst transfer, and the initial h CG level is a reliable predictive factor for predicting IVF outcomes.

Fresh Frozen Plasma for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema Acute Attacks

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of fresh frozen plasma （FFP） iniusion for the treat- ment of hereditary angioedema （FIAE）. Methods The medical records of patients with HAE admitted to Peking Union Medical College Fiospital who had received FFP infusion during 2004 and 2010 were reviewed and PubMed database iFom 1966 to the present were searched using the following key words： hereditary angioedema and fresh frozen plasma. The patient＇s age, sex, body location of HAE attacks, the dose of FFP infusion, time of beginning to improvenaent, time to complete remission, complication, C 1 inhibitor activity, and outcome were analyzed. Results A total of 13 enrolled patients （7 male and 6 female） received 16 times of FFP infusion, in- cluding 2 patients undergoing FFP infusion in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 11 patients re- ported in the literature. The mean dosage of FFP infusion was 586±337 mL. Two cases suffered from wors- ening abdominal pain and one case experienced skin rash. Only I patient had no improvement in symptom owing to transfusion related reaction. There was a definite improvement in symptom 49± 19 minutes after beginning FFP infusion. The remission time decreased from 61.7±27.0 hours to 3.3 （2.0, 12.0） hours after FFP infusion. FFP infusion was effective for both type I and type Ⅱ HAE. Conclusion FFP seems to be safe and effective for acute attacks of HAE.

Fresh Frozen Plasma for the Treatment of a Chinese Patient with Hereditary Angioedema

HEREDITARY angioedema （HAE） is an autosomal dominant inherited condition which was initially described by Osier in 1888.1 Patients with HAE can develop rapid subcutaneous or submucosal edema involving the hands, feet, limbs, face, intestinal tract, even larynx and trachea. The mortality of an acute attack of HAE without treatment was reported as high as 30%.2 HAE is caused by the deficiency of Cl esterase inhibitor （CIINH） which results in episodes of edema in parts of the human body,

Microbiological Contamination of Fresh Chicken Meat in the Retail Stores

The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic properties of swabs taken from the arm and coat of workers, work surfaces, refrigerated display cases, trays and packaging materials. As well as the safe properties of samples of fresh chicken meat (wing, drumstick, chest) and chicken internal organs (heart and liver) from two butcheries. One of the goals was to determine whether education on hygienic conditions was carried out, influenced the hygienic condition of swabs and safety samples of fresh chicken meat offal. The results of the analysis showed that on the first day of sampling, the largest number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria were found in the swabs of the arm (butcher A-8.15 × 102 CFU/ml), butcher (B-17.88 × 102 CFU/ml) and the smallest in the packaging material (0.03 × 102 CFU/ml). Comparing the results of the first and thirtieth sampling day was a visible decrease in the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae for all examined swabs from both butchers. In the samples of fresh chicken meat, the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria during the first sampling was the highest in the drumstick samples (4.75 × 103 CFU/ml) slightly less in the samples of the wing (3.78 × 103 CFU/ml) in the butcher A, in the same time in the butcher B was 3.82 × 103 CFU/ml. Microbiological analyzes samples of the thirtieth day showed that Escherichia coli has been found in both butchers in drumsticks A-0.8 CFU/ml, B butcher 0.4 CFU/ml. and offal butcher A 0.6 CFU/ml, butcher B 0.7 CFU/ml, but less than the first day. It is important to say that education of workers in butcher shops has shown that it can improve good hygiene practices in butcher shops and safety of fresh chicken meat. Education in Good Hygiene Practice has positive impact on safety of fresh chicken meat in examined butcheries.

Some Characters of <i>Cl. perfringens</i>Isolated from Fresh and Marketed Processed Meat

This study was carried out a fresh meat immediately after slaughter and a marketed processed cattlemeat (sausage and minced meat). A total of 530 meat samples were examined for the presence of Cl. perfringens, 423 were from fresh meat obtained immediately after slaughtering (108 cattle meat, 101 sheep meat, 100 camel meat and 114 buffaloe meat) and 107 processed meat (57 from sausage and 50 from minced meat). Cl. perfringens was isolated from 204 (48.2%) of fresh meat samples, 61 (56.5%) from cattle, 53 (52.5%) from sheep meat, 45 (45%) from camel meat and 45 (39.5%) from buffaloe meat. The isolation rate of Cl. perfringens was higher in processed meat, it was isolated from 68 (63.6%) of which 45 (78.9%) from sausage and 23 (46%) in minced meat. The processed meat was found to harbour higher viable count ranging between 4 × 102 - 7 × 106 Cl. perfringens cells/gm meat than that Fresh meat in which the number ranged from 102:5 × 106 cells/gm meat. Typing of isolated strains revealed that the majority of it was of Cl. perfringens type A, 2 of type B, 3 of type C and one type D. Sixty strains of Cl. perfringens type A were randomized and tested for heat resistance at 100℃ and the results were recorded. Production of enterotoxin by 10 strains of Cl. perfringens was performed by ligated ileal loop test in rabbits. It was done by injection of whole culture in skimmed milk, cell extracts and concentrated culture filtrates of the organism in the ileal ligated loop of rabbits and the results were recorded.

Can Fresh Frozen Plasma Prevent Acute Kidney Injury after Hump-Nosed Viper Bite?

Hump-nosed viper bite is the commonest venomous snakebite in Sri Lanka. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in association with coagulopathy is an important cause of mortality. Immunomodulating effects of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) could block the nephrotoxic effects of venom;and by replenishing depleted clotting factors resulting from venom induced consumption coagulopathy could offer an additional benefit in offsetting renal injury triggered by haematological disturbances. In a non-randomised observational study carried out from 2005 to 2008 in adults at the National hospital of Sri Lanka, the mean time for resolution of coagulopathy among 42 patients treated with FFP at the inception of coagulopathy was 4.7 hours compared to 18 patients treated with isotonic Saline among whom the mean time for normalisation of coagulopathy was 6.2 hours. None of these 60 patients developed acute renal failure. A separate cohort of 32 patients with coagulopathy after hump-nosed viper bite who had not received FFP during this study period developed acute renal failure and required haemodialysis. In the absence of safe and effective antivenom for hump-nosed viper in Sri Lanka, FFP may be a therapeutic option. FFP if given early to selected patients at inception of coagulopathy may prevent AKI and serve to save lives after hump-nosed viper bites.

Superiority of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate versus Frozen Fresh Plasma in Cardiology Patients with Warfarin Intoxication–Observational Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the reversibility of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by comparing prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) versus frozen fresh plasma (FFP) in cardiology patients with serious warfarin intoxication. Methods: This was an observational and retrospective study comprising 67 patients (18 in group I [PCC] and 49 in group II [FFP]). The primary endpoint was the reversal of anticoagulant effect of warfarin after 2 and 24 hours of PCC or FFP administration. Comparisons between the groups were made using T-test and Q-square. Multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression, and the results were considered significant when p Results: The medium dose used was 27.6 UI/kg of PCC and 14.5 ml/kg of FFP. Significant differences were observed between groups I and II in the INR reversibility measurements after 2 hours (33.3% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.001) and 24 hours (38.9% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.009) as well as in the occurrence of pulmonary edema (5.6% vs. 42.9%, OR = 11.10, p = 0.04). The AUC for PCC was 0.891 (CI 95% [0.72 - 1.0]), and for FFP, it was 0.291 (CI 95% [0.09 - 0.49]). Conclusions: PCC is better than FFP treatment in reversing the warfarin intoxication after 2 and 24 hours of administration. Furthermore, PCC showed lower pulmonary edema in cardiology patients.

Formalin Contaminated in Seafood and Frozen Meat at Somdet Market, Kalasin Province

Formaldehyde or formalin is highly toxic that is absorbed pleasantly by inhalation. The object of this research was to analyze formalin that contaminated in seafood and frozen meat. The method was to select samples at Kalasin Province. The samples were mackerel, crisp squid, frozen chicken, Saba fish, Shishamo fish, Jelly fish, Cockle, Clams, Squid, shrimp, White shrimp and Dolly fish, respectively. The methods were to analyze formaldehyde with titration and formalin test kit. Titration method used formic acid by excess of iodine in alkaline solution. Formalin test kit?of Ministry of Public Health issued Act No.151 (B.E.2536) was to test formalin contaminated food.?The results found formaldehyde in mackerel, crisp squid, frozen chicken, Saba fish, Shishamo fish, jelly fish, cockle, clams, squid, shrimp, white shrimp and dolly fish in three replicated were 288 mg/L, 228 mg/L, 293 mg/L, 77 mg/L, 282 mg/L, 180 mg/L, 120 mg/L, 48 mg/L, 229 mg/L, 294 mg/L, 295 mg/L and 293 mg/L, respectively. Formalin test kit was to found all samples were contaminated with formalin. Moreover, the height formalin contaminated in white shrimp, the second were shrimp and dolly fish, the third was frozen chicken, the fourth was mackerel, the fifth was Shishamo fish, the sixth was squid, the seventh was crisp squid, the eighth was jelly fish, the ninth was cockle, the tenth was Saba fish and the last was clam. The World Health Organization classified formaldehyde was carcinogenic to humans, considerately that there was a decent proof for inflicting cavity cancer in humans.

Fresh frozen plasma induced thrombocytopenia

Transfusions of blood products are common in medical practice and can be lifesaving in certain situations. Potentially life threatening reactions could occur and physicians should be alerted. Here we describe a case of thrombocytopenia that was induced by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). A 52 years old male presented to the emergency department after two episodes of hematochezia that resolved spontaneously. Since he was anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation he was given a unit of FFP to reverse a slightly elevated INR. Within 6 hours from the administration of the FFP he developed an acute decrease only in his platelet count. He was managed conservatively and his thrombocytopenia started resolving gradually. After excluding other causes the potential diagnosis was fresh frozen plasma induced thrombocytopenia. The pathophysiologic mechanism is postulated to be immune mediated by passive transfer of antibodyies from the donor to the recipient. The antibodies that are described in the literature are anti-HPA-1a and anti-CD-36. We reported the event to the American Red Cross. Interestingly a male was the donor of the plasma while in all cases in the literature the donors are females with a prior history of pregnancy. Therefore this is the first reported case of a male blood donor whose blood product caused immune mediated thrombocytopenia post transfusion.

金纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯复合膜电化学免疫传感器的构建及其对鲜肉中马波沙星的检测

该文构建了一种金纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯复合膜修饰玻碳电极的电化学免疫传感器,用于鲜肉中马波沙星残留的检测。用电沉积法在电极表面合成金纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯复合膜,然后通过电化学法还原复合膜中的氧化石墨烯,固载抗体。采用循环伏安法对电极的修饰过程进行表征。用差分脉冲伏安法优化传感器的电化学检测条件。在最优条件下,对马波沙星进行定量检测。响应峰值电流变化量与马波沙星在0.5~400 ng/mL浓度范围内呈线性关系,检测限为0.05 ng/mL。传感器对猪肉、鸡肉和牛肉样品的检测限分别为0.09、0.10、0.09μg/kg,添加回收率为82.81%~101.99%,检测结果与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法基本一致。结果表明,所建立的电化学免疫传感器可用于实际样品中马波沙星残留的检测。

配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对大口黑鲈肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成和含量以及血清生化指标的影响

为缓解因大量投喂冰鲜鱼造成的大口黑鲈养殖水体污染、病害频发和生产效益降低等问题,加快推进优质配合饲料的开发,开展投喂配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对大口黑鲈营养价值和健康状况影响的研究至关重要。为此,本研究将360尾大口黑鲈分为3个试验组,分别投喂配合饲料、冰鲜鱼和混合饲料(配合饲料和冰鲜鱼的质量各占饲料总质量的50%),在饲喂90 d后对3组大口黑鲈肌肉中矿物元素含量、氨基酸的组成和含量、脂肪酸的组成和含量以及血清生化指标进行分析。结果表明,配合饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中的Na、Ca、Zn含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05)。与配合饲料组和混合饲料组相比,冰鲜鱼组大口黑鲈肌肉中必需氨基酸总量占氨基酸总量的百分比以及必需氨基酸总量占非必需氨基酸总量的百分比更高。冰鲜鱼组大口黑鲈肌肉中各必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分和化学评分以及必需氨基酸指数均高于配合饲料组。配合饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于混合饲料组和冰鲜鱼组(P<0.05),但冰鲜鱼组的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总量、二十碳五烯酸含量和二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);与配合饲料组相比,冰鲜鱼组的n-6 PUFA含量更低,n-3 PUFA含量更高(P<0.05),并且脂肪酸品质更优。冰鲜鱼组和混合饲料组血清总蛋白质含量和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05)。此外,冰鲜鱼组大口黑鲈血清中葡萄糖含量和谷草转氨酶活性最低(P<0.05)。因此,在本研究条件下,配合饲料影响大口黑鲈肌肉的营养价值和肝脏健康,建议参考冰鲜鱼的营养组成,进一步优化配合饲料配方。

遗传性血管性水肿急诊科诊疗路径

遗传性血管性水肿(hereditary angioedema,HAE)是一种常染色体显性遗传病,以反复发作的皮肤和黏膜水肿为特征。水肿可出现在任何部位,最致命的为喉水肿,引发窒息,危及生命。若水肿累及消化道黏膜,可引起腹痛、呕吐等症状,易误诊为急腹症。颜面、躯干及四肢等皮肤水肿也严重影响患者生活质量。为提高急诊科医生的识别及处理能力,本专业组特编写此诊疗路径。路径除对HAE的发病机制、临床表现等进行介绍外,还汇总了既往在中国已经发表的急诊科病例,以便广大医生更好的理解疾病,并绘制诊疗路径图,为临床实践提供参考依据。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定鲜河蚌肉水提物中5种元素含量

目的建立测定鲜河蚌肉水提物中铜(Cu)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)含量的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法。方法采用微波消解法对样品进行前处理。采用ICP-MS法测定,等离子体射频功率为1550 W,等离子体气体流速为15.0 L/min,辅助气体(氩气)流速为0.90L/min,雾化气流速为1.05L/min,蠕动泵速为0.1r/s,采样深度为8 mm,调谐模式为No Gas模式,重复3次。结果Cu、As、Cd、Hg、Pb质量浓度分别在0~500 ng/mL、0~200 ng/mL、0~10 ng/mL、0~5 ng/mL、0~20 ng/mL范围内与仪器响应值线性关系良好(r≥0.9996,n=5),检测限分别为0.0205,0.0045,0.0008,0.0042,0.0051 mg/kg,定量限分别为0.0682,0.0149,0.0027,0.0141,0.0170 mg/kg;精密度、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于5%;平均加样回收率分别为99.60%,106.16%,108.93%,115.30%,103.40%,RSD分别为0.84%,6.03%,1.15%,3.56%,0.55%(n=6)。参考《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》,9批样品中的Cu、Hg、Pb均符合限量标准,As、Cd超标的样品分别有8批、2批。结论该方法操作简单,结果准确,可用于测定鲜河蚌肉水提物中Cu、As、Cd、Hg、Pb的含量。

原料肉冻藏品质劣变机制及其改善策略

原料肉在冷冻、冻藏和解冻过程中会发生一系列物理化学变化,其品质特性不可避免地遭到破坏,主要表现为持水能力下降、色泽和质构劣变,采用新型冷冻及其辅助技术能够有效地降低由此造成的品质劣变。本文概述了原料肉在冷冻、冻藏过程中品质劣变机制,综述了新型冷冻技术、抗冻保护剂、新型包装技术以及新型解冻技术等提升原料肉品质的方法,以期为原料肉冻藏品质的改善提供理论依据和技术指导。

拮抗剂方案新鲜胚胎移植和冻融胚胎移植临床结局比较

目的 比较拮抗剂方案中行新鲜胚胎移植和冻融胚胎移植的临床结局。方法 回顾性分析2575例患者行拮抗剂方案助孕的临床资料,其中鲜胚移植周期1328例,冻胚移植周期1247例。结果冻胚移植组的血清AMH值、AFC显著高于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余基础资料无统计学差异(P>0.05)。冻胚移植组hCG日FSH低于鲜胚移植组,E2、P高于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冻胚移植组的获卵数、成熟卵子数、优质胚胎数均显著高于鲜胚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冻胚移植组的移植胚胎数显著低于鲜胚移植组,临床妊娠率、着床率、活产率显著高于鲜胚移植组,异位妊娠率、多胎妊娠率显著低于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的中重度OHSS发生率、流产率、妊娠期糖尿病发生率、妊娠期高血压发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冻胚移植组的单胎出生体重显著高于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 拮抗剂方案中冻胚移植亦可获得较好的临床结局,可作为一种有效的补充方案。

融化后的FFP、新鲜液体血浆在2~6℃环境中储存凝血功能等指标的变化

目的观察融化后新鲜冰冻血浆、新鲜液体血浆在2~6℃储存过程中部分凝血因子活性和蛋白含量的变化,为探索FFP解冻后2~6℃储存的合适时间提供参考。方法小包装/大包装冻融组新鲜冰冻血浆分别于融化后d1、2、3、4、5、6、7检测凝血因子FⅤ活性(FⅤ∶C)、凝血因子FⅧ活性(FⅧ∶C)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)的含量;新鲜液体血浆分别于制备后d1、2、3、4、5、6、7及制备后d1、6、11、16、21、26、31检测FⅤ∶C、FⅧ∶C、Fib、TP、Alb的含量。结果FFP组FⅧ∶C随着融化后储存时间的延长逐渐下降(P<0.05),两组在d7分别下降了37.4%和47.6%;FⅤ∶C、Fib、TP、Alb差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。新鲜液体血浆组FⅧ∶C随着融化后储存时间的延长逐渐下降(P<0.05);FⅤ∶C储存7 d组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),储存31d组逐渐下降(P<0.05);Fib、TP、Alb差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论2~6℃储存7 d的融化FFP虽然FⅧ∶C有所下降,但稳定在52.4%,符合临床需求。

超快速冷却对生鲜羊肉中糖酵解酶表达量的影响

以不同降温速率处理和不同温度条件下贮藏的羊背最长肌为样品,比较分析宰后不同时间生鲜羊肉的pH值、葡萄糖含量、糖酵解潜力和5个糖酵解酶的表达量,明确超快速冷却过程中两个环节对糖酵解的影响,从蛋白质表达量的角度完善超快速冷却对糖酵解速率的调控机制。结果显示,超快速冷却显著延缓了pH值下降和糖酵解速率上升,上调了醛缩酶、糖原磷酸化酶和磷酸丙糖异构酶的表达量,下调了磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructokinase,PFKM)和磷酸甘油酸激酶(phosphoglycerate kinase,PGK)的表达量。降温处理后采用冷藏和冰温贮藏通过抑制PGK的表达量延缓糖酵解,不改变超快速冷却的作用。不同温度条件下,PFKM的表达量与糖酵解速率呈正相关。不同代谢酶对温度变化的响应不同,超快速冷却通过改变代谢酶的表达量影响能量供需,其中高表达量的PFKM与快速糖酵解相关,可以视为超快速冷却过程中的关键酶。

两种投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹生长性能及可食部位风味品质的影响

为研究不同投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹生长性能及可食部位风味品质的影响,设置全程投喂配合饲料(A)和前期投喂配合饲料+后期投喂冰鲜鱼(B)两种投喂模式开展养殖试验。每组设置3个重复,每个重复雄蟹和雌蟹各15只。养殖试验结束后测定生长性能,肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺相关品质指标以及肝胰腺和性腺的挥发性物质含量。结果表明:两种投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺指数、肥满度及附肢肌肉的硬度、内聚性、弹性、剪切力均无显著影响(P>0.05)。B组的雄蟹性腺指数以及雌蟹的增重率、特定生长率显著高于A组(P<0.05)。B组的雌蟹生长性能优于A组(P<0.05),同样地,B组雄蟹肝胰腺和性腺色泽、肌肉胶原蛋白含量也优于A组(P<0.05),且B组的中华绒螯蟹具有更好的风味(P<0.05)。综上所述,前期投喂配合饲料而后期投喂冰鲜鱼的饵料模式对中华绒螯蟹的育肥及风味品质具有更好的效果。因此,后续对于配合饲料的开发建议着重于呈味物质、促胶原蛋白生成和育肥功能饲料的开发方面。