Sleep Quality and Emotional Adaptation among Freshmen in Elite Chinese Universities during Prolonged COVID-19 Lockdown:The Mediating Role of Anxiety Symptoms

Under the effects of COVID-19 and a number of ongoing lockdown tactics,anxiety symptoms and poor sleep quality have become common mental health issues among college freshmen and are intimately related to their emotional adaptation.To explore this connection,this study gathered data from a sample of 256 freshmen enrolled in an elite university in China in September 2022.The association between sleep quality,anxiety symptoms,and emotional adaptation was clarified using correlation analysis.Additionally,the mediating function of anxiety symptoms between sleep quality and emotional adaptation was investigated using a structural equation model.The results reveal that:(1)Chinese elite university freshmen who were subjected to prolonged lockdown had poor sleep quality and mild anxiety symptoms;(2)a significant positive correlation between poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms was identified;(3)anxiety symptoms were found to have a significant negative impact on emotional adaptation;(4)poor sleep quality had a negative impact on emotional adaptation through anxiety symptoms.This research makes a valuable contribution by offering insights into the intricate relationship between sleep quality and emotional adaptation among freshmen in elite Chinese universities during prolonged lockdown conditions,and it is beneficial for schools and educators to further improve school schedules and psychological health initiatives.

Discourse Comprehension and Reading Strategies for Freshmen of Non-English Majors

This paper firstly discusses the nature of discourse comprehesion,and then analyzes the importance of reading strategy instructionon reading comprehension. Finally,it presents some useful approaches to help freshmen of non-English majors read effectively.

基于微视频的新生入馆教育PTOF模式的创新实践——以浙江机电职业技术学院为例

基于微视频的新生入馆教育教学符合互联网新媒体时代新生读者的碎片化学习需求。文章以浙江机电职业技术学院图书馆的新生入馆教育创新实践为例,介绍了基于微视频的新生入馆教育PTOF模式,并对该模式在实践应用过程中显现的问题进行思考与总结。

KAP study on reproductive health among medical freshmen:a survey of AIDS related knowledge and attitudes and their implications

Objectives: To study AIDS related knowledge and attitudes among medical freshmen, and to find out their opinions regarding the implementation of AIDS prevention and education programs in colleges and middle schools. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in June 1997 among 266 medical freshmen in Shanghai (aged 16--23, 130 males and 136 females). Results: The results show that students have some knowledge about AIDS as a result of extensive mass media education in the recent years. But, at the same time, misunderstanding about HIV trans mission still exists. Some students still think that HIV could be transmitted through injection of vaccines (69% ), insect bites (48% ), use of public toilets (38% ) or sharing utensils (30% ). Only 67% know that using condoms can reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HIV. Different attitudes to AIDS patients were observed. Conclusion: The survey concludes that it is important to conduct AIDS education among first year medical students to empower them with correct information about AIDS and clarify their misunderstanding about the disease.

Feasibility, effectiveness, and perceptions of an Internet-and incentive-based behavioral weight loss intervention for overweight and obese college freshmen: A mixed methods approach

Challenges inherent with the transition to college are often accompanied by weight gain among college freshmen. Weight gain and duration of obesity increase metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood, which supports the need for weight loss interventions tailored to college students. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a mixed methods pilot trial to determine the efficacy and acceptability of a semester long Internet-and incentive-based weight loss intervention for overweight/obese college freshmen. Participants (n = 27, aged >18 yrs, BMI >25) were randomly assigned to a 12-week social cognitive theory (SCT)-based intervention (Fit Freshmen [FF]) or a health information control group. The FF intervention also included modest financial incentives for weight loss. Primary outcomes included body weight/composition, dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors, and psychosocial measures (i.e. self-efficacy, self-regulation) associated with diet, PA, and weight loss. Students in the FF intervention participated in focus groups to provide qualitative feedback on program structure and design. FF participants demonstrated significant reductions (all group differences

Characteristic Changes Defined via Comparison of the Big-Five Personalities in Japanese University Freshmen from Years 2000 to 2016

Introduction: With the arrival of the 21st century, drastic worldwide changes to natural, economic and social events have occurred. These include the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the global financial crisis. Furthermore, Japan experienced the introduction of a specific education system. In this study, we traced and compared the psychological characters of university freshmen for 16 years (years 2000-2016) using Big-Five personalities inventory (Japanese version). Methods: A total of 1189 physically and mentally healthy university freshmen participated in this study. They were divided into four groups according to the year they entered university. They completed a self-filled questionnaire, Big-Five personalities inventory, which consists of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness and Openness. Result and Discussion: Compared with the year 2008, Extraversion nominally increased in 2012, however, it statistically significantly decreased in 2016. Agreeableness notably decreased from 2000 to 2008, then showed an increase in 2012. Compared to 2000, Neuroticism was statistically significantly lower in 2008 and 2016. Such statistically significant differences were not observed in the other two personalities. The personalities of university freshmen have changed in the last 16 years, which may be been caused by drastic changes. However, further research (e.g., larger-scale studies or studies including other university students) is required to support the current findings.

An Investigation Into Freshmen＇s Autonomous Learning of English Major

Autonomous learning has been attracting more and more attention in the field of second language teaching and learning since it was put forward. In order to get a better understanding about autonomous learning competence of freshmen of English major in university, this investigation was conducted in the form of questionnaire and was analyzed according to the data collected. The investigation found that autonomous learning competence of freshmen is poor and worrying. Freshmen have strong motivation for English learning, but they keep old learning habit and more rely on teachers. They are incapable of employing metacognitive strategies in their language learning and are not good at utilizing related learning resources available to them. All these deficiencies hinder improvement of them. So they are in great need of fostering the competence of automous learning.

College Freshmen＇s Quality of Life and Its Perceived Determinants： A Case Study of a Chinese Island University

The aims of the study were to investigate health-related quality of life （QoL） and its perceived determinants among college freshmen at an island Chinese University located between China and Taiwan. The framework of QoL given by the WHO was employed to evaluate the QoL of 404 college freshmen in January 2013, and a retrospective approach was adopted to solicit the participants＇ perceived determinants of their QoL. Each participant completed the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and specified reasons for their degree of satisfaction in each life facet addressed in the questionnaire. The participants expressed a moderate degree of satisfaction in all of the life facets measured （M = 3.29）, with 3.4 in the physical, 3.3 in the psychological, 3.1 in the social, and 3.2 in the environmental domain on a 5-point scale. Among the 24 life facets assessed, sleep quality, transportation availability, medical service quality, concentration, and energy were the top five unsatisfactory facets. Determinants of the participants＇ QoL involved multiple factors such as the ease of day-to-day living, living environment, psychological factors, time arrangement, sleep quality, etc. The freshmen year is a transition period requiring great adjustment in lifestyle due to the change from secondary to tertiary education and from home stay with parents＇ care to independent dormitory life. The findings of the study indicated that college freshmen in the context of the university studied had not experienced expected satisfactory levels of life quality, and that the perceived determinants of their life quality could be further addressed for promotion of health and education quality. The study could serve as an example to call for regular examinations on students＇ experience and discrepancies between experience and expectation in order to address related issues for higher educational quality.

Study on Freshmen’Metacognitive Knowledge of Business English-Majors in English Writing

Based on the investigation of freshmen’metacognitive knowledge of business English-majors in English writing,the results show that:(1)the metacognitive subject knowledge of business English freshmen is at the middle level,the metacognitive task knowledge is at a high level,the strategy of seeking teachers'help is at a high level,and the use of other strategies is at a middle or lower level;(2)There is no significant differences between high and low group learners in their views on Chinese writing level and in their strategies of seeking help from classmates;(3)Multiple regression analysis shows that the main factors affecting English writing achievement are the views on writing standard,the utilization of strategies in writing process and strategies of seeking help from teachers.

Middle School Freshmen’s Mental Health in Southern Urban China

This study aims to understand the overall level of mental health of newly enrolled students in a school in a Chinese southern urban city,and provide a scientific basis for school education;this study used Mental Health Diagnostic Test(MHT)as a test instrument to test 258 new students enrolled in the school in the new semester.The results of the study found that the overall level of students’mental health was relatively good,but the detection rate was higher in the dimensions of serious psychological problems,such as self-blame tendency,physical symptoms,and impulsive tendency;the psychological problems of girls were more prominent than those of boys.In response to the current situation,the mental health work of junior high school freshmen can be carried out effectively through various ways such as optimizing the professional curriculum of freshmen mental health,strengthening the infiltration of mental health into subject teaching,combining case consultation and group counseling,and establishing a mental health education alliance system.

大学新生学习适应、社交适应、情绪适应间的动态联系:一项追踪研究

从高中到大学的学校过渡是典型的发展转折点。大学新生既要适应学业环境、社交网络的改变,还要适应自我发展中身心转变。适应心理各维度的发展轨迹各不相同,但同时在发展中也会以一种有意义的方式相互联系。本研究采用密集追踪设计,招募了426名大学新生在入学后第一学期进行连续19周的问卷测查,考察学习适应、社交适应和情绪适应的时间趋势以及三者之间的相互关系。动态结构方程结果表明:(1)大学新生的社交适应状况的动态变化相对稳定,而学习适应和情绪适应状况随时间呈下降趋势;(2)新生学习适应每周的波动变化独立于情绪适应和社交适应;(3)新生社交适应、情绪适应之间存在交叉滞后关联。了解新生适应心理的发展规律,将有助于学生的自我发展和学校开展有针对性的适应教育。

新疆高校新生身体形态指标和血压的特征及关联性研究

目的了解新疆高校新生身体形态指标与血压的特征及差异性,分析其关联性,为新疆高校新生高血压防治和干预提供参考依据。方法采用随机抽样对新疆4所高校的1853名18~21岁大学新生进行身体形态、腰围、臀围、血压等指标测量,根据受试者血压分为正常血压组和血压偏高组,分析不同性别、民族、年龄段新生血压的差异;统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验、Pearson相关性分析、Logistic回归分析及受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析。结果女生的体脂率(percent body fat,PBF)和体脂量高于男生[(24±8)%与(18±7)%,t=-17.95,P<0.01);(18±7)kg与(14±7)kg,t=-4.27,P<0.01],其他指标均低于男生;除体脂率外,汉族学生的身体形态指标均高于少数民族(P值均<0.01)。男生的血压偏高检出率高于女生[51.5%(538/1044)与42.4%(343/809),χ^(2)=15.250,P<0.01];汉族血压偏高检出率高于少数民族[59.4%(372/626)与41.5%(509/1227),χ^(2)=53.503,P<0.01];18~19岁新生的血压偏高检出率高于20~21岁[(51.4%(348/677)与45.3%(533/1176),χ^(2)=6.369,P<0.05)]。不同性别血压偏高组的身体形态指标均>正常血压组;大学新生收缩压与舒张压与身体形态呈现不同程度的相关性,多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,男生的身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、PBF、体脂量、内脏脂肪等级(visceral fat level,VFL)、腰臀比(waist to hip ratio,WHR)和女生的体质量、BMI、体脂量、VFL超标以及女生体表面积(body surface area,BSA)下降都会增加血压偏高的风险;不同身体形态指标对血压偏高的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)均>0.5,且男生的每项指标AUC均大于女生,其中男生身体形态中有多项指标与血压偏高的AUC>0.65。结论身体形态指标对男生血压偏高的诊断意义大于女生,尤其是PBF指标,全身性肥胖,特别是皮下脂肪肥胖与血压的相关性较高。

大学新生积极心理品质培育探析

开展大学新生积极心理品质培育,是促进大学生全面发展的必然要求,是实现思政育人目标的重要途径,也是实现中华民族伟大复兴梦想的坚强保障。当前,大学新生中存在自我意识强、交际心理压力大、情感困惑多、就业压力大等心理问题。高校应积极引导大学新生从中华优秀传统文化中汲取正能量,促进大学新生积极心理品质自我建构,发挥高校、社会、家庭协同联动合力,帮助大学新生形成积极心理品质及乐观的思维模式,增强大学新生果敢坚毅、敢于担当、自信自立自强的意志品质。

2023年宁德市入学新生肺结核筛查结果分析

目的:通过对福建省宁德市2023年入学新生体检开展肺结核筛查,了解入学新生肺结核感染和患病情况,为相关部门开展学校肺结核防治工作提供参考依据。方法:2023年8—10月,选取宁德市2023年入学新生,按照幼儿园、小学、初中、高中(含中专、职高)、大学等不同新生类别开展肺结核筛查。筛查项目主要有可疑症状和密切接触史的问诊筛查、结核菌素/抗原皮试、胸部X线检查等。结果:2023年宁德市共对757所学校中的138423名入学新生进行肺结核筛查,筛查率为99.69%,其中有肺结核可疑症状的学生为111人,有活动性肺结核患者密切接触史的学生为160人。开展结核菌素/抗原皮试的学生为21284人,初中、高中入学新生皮试的阳性检出率分别为2.27%、3.47%,强阳性检出率分别为0.68%、1.16%。开展胸部X线检查的学生为12007人,发现活动性肺结核为4人(高中3人、大学1人),高中、大学入学新生的活动性肺结核检出率分别为1.35/万、1.94/万,入学新生的活动性肺结核总检出率为0.29/万。结论:相关部门要加强学校在肺结核防治方面的健康教育,做好日常晨午检制度和症状监测,发现有肺结核疑似症状的学生要提醒其尽快就医筛查,便于“早发现、早治疗、早预防”。

大学新生爱情概念建构的认知隐喻解析

本文以认知隐喻理论为研究框架,探讨了中国大一新生对爱情概念的隐喻性建构。来自国内某高校73名大一新生完成关于“爱情是什么”的问卷回答。研究结果表明,处在人生重要过渡时期的大一新生,除使用食物、情绪体验和风景等常见的始源域外,还使用相关研究尚未发现过的始源域,例如,知识、文娱活动等独具年龄特色的词汇建构爱情概念;而且所使用的始源域绝大部分是积极词汇,表明,大一新生对爱情总体上持肯定态度。性别影响爱情隐喻建构:在食物、风景、建筑、文娱活动等始源域选择上,两组未见显著差异;而在知识、物体、植物等始源域方面,两组存在显著差异;在具体的始源域词汇选择方面,女生比男生更多使用积极词汇,说明大一女生对于爱情持有更加乐观积极的态度。本研究结果表明,处在人生特殊阶段的中国大一学生,对爱情概念具有特殊的隐喻性建构,这种特殊的建构来源于其从高中阶段向大学阶段过渡时期对爱情的独特体验。本研究结果对大学教育工作者开展大学新生心理辅导及价值观念引领具有一定的参考意义。

医学院本科新生碎片化学习能力与未来时间洞察力、生涯适应力的关系研究

目的了解医学院本科新生碎片化学习能力、未来时间洞察力、生涯适应力现状,分析其碎片化学习能力影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、大学生碎片化学习问卷、一般未来时间洞察力问卷、大学生生涯适应力问卷进行调查。结果未来时间洞察力、生涯适应力均与碎片化学习能力呈正相关关系。结论医学院本科新生碎片化学习能力有较大提升空间,未来时间洞察力和生涯适应力越强,碎片化学习能力越强,且碎片化学习受未来时间洞察力的独立影响,开展生涯教育提高未来时间洞察力是提高碎片化学习能力的有效策略。

层级式朋辈团体辅导助力解决大学新生入学适应问题的探讨

大学新生入学适应问题一直是教育研究领域关注的焦点。随着教育改革的深入,传统的迎新模式已无法满足大学新生多元化的适应需求。而层级式朋辈团体辅导作为一种新兴的辅导模式,为其提供指导性服务、情感关怀和经验分享,在大学新生入学适应过程中发挥着重要作用和价值。文章旨在通过实践研究,探讨层级式朋辈团体辅导在帮助大学新生适应校园生活、学习环境及社交环境等方面的实际效果和策略,使大学新生更快适应大学生活。

某大学新生的心理健康素养现状调查

目的:了解大学新生的心理健康素养水平及相关因素。方法:选取河南省某综合性大学的2022级本科新生8014人,采用自编一般资料调查问卷、心理健康素养量表(MHLS)进行调查。结果:MHLS总分(111.55±9.84)分;女大学新生的MHLS总分高于男大学新生(P<0.001)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别与MHLS总分负向关联(β=-0.24,P<0.001),是否学习过心理健康教育课程(β=0.09,P<0.001)和是否阅读过心理学相关书籍(β=0.08,P<0.001)与MHLS总分正向关联。结论:本研究中大学新生的心理健康素养处于中等水平,女性、学习过心理健康教育课程和阅读过心理学相关书籍的大学新生心理健康素养水平更高。

“材料表面功能化与创新生活”课程案例设计与教学探讨

新生研讨课是面向大一新生开设的小班研讨类课程。文章以“材料表面功能化与创新生活”课程为例,在教学过程中结合哈尔滨工业大学的航天特色与教师的科研方向,融入材料表面功能化的工程应用案例,引入行业发展前沿内容,培养新生的创新意识、科学精神、批判性思维和学术表达能力,尽早引领学生开展科学研究。同时,在课程教学过程中引入思政元素,致力于培养具备较强实践能力的应用型复合人才。