Friction stir welding of dissimilar Al/Mg thick plates still faces severe challenges, such as poor formability, formation of thick intermetallic compounds, and low joint strength. In this work, two joint configuration...Friction stir welding of dissimilar Al/Mg thick plates still faces severe challenges, such as poor formability, formation of thick intermetallic compounds, and low joint strength. In this work, two joint configurations, namely inclined butt(conventional butt) and serrated interlocking(innovative butt), are proposed for improving weld formation and joint quality. The results show that a continuous and straight intermetallic compound layer appears at the Mg side interface in conventional butt joint, and the maximum average thickness reaches about 60.1 μm.Additionally, the Mg side interface also partially melts, forming a eutectic structure composed of Mg solid solution and Al_(12)Mg_(17) phase.For the innovative butt joint, the Mg side interface presents the curved interlocking feature, and intermetallic compounds can be reduced to less than 10 μm. The joint strength of innovative butt joint is more than three times that of conventional butt joint. This is due to the interlocking effect and thin intermetallic compounds in the innovative joint.展开更多
In this study, high velocity impact behaviour of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were investigated using a 7.62 mm × 51 mm lead core and 7.62 mm × 39 mm steel core projectiles. Prior to b...In this study, high velocity impact behaviour of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were investigated using a 7.62 mm × 51 mm lead core and 7.62 mm × 39 mm steel core projectiles. Prior to ballistic trails, mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction stir welded AA 7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were studied. Microstructural and hardness studies revealed that friction stir welds constituted three distinct regions namely Weld Nugget(WN), Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone(TMAZ) and Heat Affected Zone(HAZ). Base Material(BM) and all three weld regions were ballistically tested as per military standard NIJ.0108.01 using lead and steel core bullets at maximum permissible velocities of 830 ± 20 and 700 ± 30 m/s, respectively. It has been found that base material(AA7075-T651)and all three weld regions of 25 mm thick plates were able to resist perforation by both types of projectiles used. However depth of penetration has been found to increase from BM to WN, HAZ and TMAZ for both types of projectiles. In all cases steel core projectiles caused higher depth of penetration compared to those caused by lead core projectiles. TMAZs of the friction stir welds were found to be the weakest zone. The fracture that occurred in the base material was spall fragmentation indicating brittle failure, whereas all zones of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 targets with a front petalling, indicating ductile failure. The post-ballistic tested samples showed no significant change in the microstructure of the BM and WN. On the other hand, TMAZ and HAZ showed severe grain deformation in the direction of projectile penetration, and the formation of adiabatic shear bands(ASB). This work showed that 25 mm thick friction stir welded AA7075-T651 joints responded well to ballistic impact loads, making them a good choice for light combat vehicles.展开更多
Ni-matrix composite coating containing AI2O3 nano-particles is prepared by brush plating. The effects of the nano-particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of the composite coating und...Ni-matrix composite coating containing AI2O3 nano-particles is prepared by brush plating. The effects of the nano-particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of the composite coating under the lubrication of a diesel oil containing sand are investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the composite coating is finer than that of the pure nickel coating due to the codeposition of the nano-particles. When the nano-particle concentration in the electroplating bath reaches 20 g/L, the microhardness, and wear resistance of the composite coating is as much as 1.6 times and 1.3-2.5 times of those of the pure nickel coating respectively. The main hardening mechanism of the composite coating is superfine crystal grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The composite coating is characterized by scuffing as it slides against Si3N4 under the present test conditions.展开更多
TiAlSiN coating was deposited on H13 hot work mould steel using cathodic arc ion plating(CAIP). The surface-interface morphologies and phases of the obtained coating were analyzed using field emission scanning elect...TiAlSiN coating was deposited on H13 hot work mould steel using cathodic arc ion plating(CAIP). The surface-interface morphologies and phases of the obtained coating were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), respectively, and the morphologies, distributions of chemical elements and profiles of worn tracks were also researched using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscope(OM), respectively. The friction-wear performances of TiAlSiN coating under oil lubricated and dry fiction conditions were investigated, and the wear mechanisms of TiAlSiN coating were discussed. The experimental results show that the coating is primarily composed of(Ti, Al)N, AlTiN, and TiN hard phases, Si_3N_4 exists between the(Ti, Al)N crystal grains, increasing the coating microhardness to 3200 HV. The TiAlSiN coating has excellent performances of reducing friction and wear resistance, the average coefficient of friction(COF) of TiAlSiN coating under oil lubricated condition is only 0.05, lowered than the average COF of 0.211 under dry friction condition, the wear rate decreases by about 81.2% compared with that under dry friction condition. The wear mechanism of TiAlSiN coating under oil lubricated and dry friction conditions is composed of abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and abrasive wear, respectively. The internal friction of oil lubrication is a main factor of decreasing fatigue wear.展开更多
NiZn ferrite thin fihns were performed on glass substrates of 85 ℃ by spin spray plating method. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films show that the samples have a cubic spinel structure with no extra lines corresp...NiZn ferrite thin fihns were performed on glass substrates of 85 ℃ by spin spray plating method. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films show that the samples have a cubic spinel structure with no extra lines corresponding to any other phases between 75 ℃ and 85 ℃. As the pH value of oxidizing solution increases to 8.3, the saturation magnetization increases to 3.13 × 10^5 A/m and resistivity to 127 m Ω ·cm. Film deposited at pH 7.8 has a smooth surface and definite columnar structure. The large wavy flakes were observed at pH 8.3. The high real part of complex permeability μ′ up to 36.1 and the imaginary part μ″ up to 53.2 were observed at 0.5 GHz by short microstrip line perturbation method. The μ″ of thin film has values higher than 20 at the frequencies between 0.5 GHz and 2 GHz, the film is a promising anti-noise material for high frequency applications,展开更多
The skin friction and heat transfer occurring in the laminar boundary layerwhich caused by a vertical liquid jet impinging on a continuously moving horizontal plate werestudied. Similarity solutions for shear stress a...The skin friction and heat transfer occurring in the laminar boundary layerwhich caused by a vertical liquid jet impinging on a continuously moving horizontal plate werestudied. Similarity solutions for shear stress and heat distribution were obtained by using thehooting technique. The results show that the skin friction decreases with an increase of velocityparameter, the evolving of thermal boundary decrease with increasing in Prandtl number, but increasewith increasing of velocity parameter.展开更多
The rigid-interface friction model is usually used in the nonlinear vibrationof the rectangular plate with dry friction support edges. The present study provides an extensionby using a hysteretic spring friction model...The rigid-interface friction model is usually used in the nonlinear vibrationof the rectangular plate with dry friction support edges. The present study provides an extensionby using a hysteretic spring friction model and taking account of the stick-slip motion of theplate. Results for a range of problem parameters have been obtained. The results show that thenonlinear frequency response behavior of the system can be quite different from the rigid-interfacefriction model. The effects of the stiffness at friction interfaces and the stick-slip motion on thenonlinear vibration of the plate are significant and hence cannot be neglected.展开更多
The effects on the local skin friction of smooth flat plate by formation of air cavity are investigated experimentally,under the conditions of several variations of air injection angle,pore size,porous surface area an...The effects on the local skin friction of smooth flat plate by formation of air cavity are investigated experimentally,under the conditions of several variations of air injection angle,pore size,porous surface area and transverse step.The experimental results show that local skin friction of downstream of the porous section could be reduced at extent ranging from 50% to 90%,by injection air through pore or slot,with free stream velocities from 2 to 6 m/s.The pore size and area of air injection surface have small effect on skin friction reduction,step has significant effect on skin friction reduction.The mechanism of the skin friction reduction is due to the formation of air cavity,mixed with air and water,between the flat plate and its water boundary layer.展开更多
Multi- pass spray deposition shows apparent advantages in preparing large scale plates with rapid solidification. Shape model is promoted to obtain excellent shape. Three dimensional mathematical models considering mo...Multi- pass spray deposition shows apparent advantages in preparing large scale plates with rapid solidification. Shape model is promoted to obtain excellent shape. Three dimensional mathematical models considering motion of atomization cone and substrate, deposition distance and atomization parameters were used to predict deposited plate’s shape. The results can be used to optimize the process parameters.展开更多
Fusion welding easily causes microstructural coarsening in the heat-affected zone(HAZ) of a thick-gauge pipeline steel joint. This is most significant in the inter-critically coarse-grained HAZ(ICCGHAZ), which conside...Fusion welding easily causes microstructural coarsening in the heat-affected zone(HAZ) of a thick-gauge pipeline steel joint. This is most significant in the inter-critically coarse-grained HAZ(ICCGHAZ), which considerably deteriorates the toughness of the joint. In the present work, 11-mm thick pipeline steel was joined by preheating and double-sided friction stir welding(FSW). A comparative study on the microstructure and toughness in the ICCGHAZs for FSW and gas metal arc welding(GMAW) was performed. The toughness in the ICCGHAZ for FSW was improved significantly than that in the ICCGHAZ for GMAW. Generally, the nugget zone(NZ) has a coarse microstructure in the FSW steel joint formed at the highest peak temperature. However, in the current study, the microstructure in the one-pass NZ was remarkably refined owing to the static recrystallization of ferrite. An excellent toughness was achieved in the NZ of the pipeline steel joint that employed FSW.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51874179,52005240 and 52164045)the Young Talent Program of Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders in Jiangxi Province (No.20212BCJ23028)。
文摘Friction stir welding of dissimilar Al/Mg thick plates still faces severe challenges, such as poor formability, formation of thick intermetallic compounds, and low joint strength. In this work, two joint configurations, namely inclined butt(conventional butt) and serrated interlocking(innovative butt), are proposed for improving weld formation and joint quality. The results show that a continuous and straight intermetallic compound layer appears at the Mg side interface in conventional butt joint, and the maximum average thickness reaches about 60.1 μm.Additionally, the Mg side interface also partially melts, forming a eutectic structure composed of Mg solid solution and Al_(12)Mg_(17) phase.For the innovative butt joint, the Mg side interface presents the curved interlocking feature, and intermetallic compounds can be reduced to less than 10 μm. The joint strength of innovative butt joint is more than three times that of conventional butt joint. This is due to the interlocking effect and thin intermetallic compounds in the innovative joint.
基金funding from the Armament Research Board(ARMREB),Defence Research and Development Organization(DRDO),Ministry of Defence,Government of India (Grant no.:ARMREB/MAA/2018/200)。
文摘In this study, high velocity impact behaviour of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were investigated using a 7.62 mm × 51 mm lead core and 7.62 mm × 39 mm steel core projectiles. Prior to ballistic trails, mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction stir welded AA 7075-T651 25 mm thick plates were studied. Microstructural and hardness studies revealed that friction stir welds constituted three distinct regions namely Weld Nugget(WN), Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone(TMAZ) and Heat Affected Zone(HAZ). Base Material(BM) and all three weld regions were ballistically tested as per military standard NIJ.0108.01 using lead and steel core bullets at maximum permissible velocities of 830 ± 20 and 700 ± 30 m/s, respectively. It has been found that base material(AA7075-T651)and all three weld regions of 25 mm thick plates were able to resist perforation by both types of projectiles used. However depth of penetration has been found to increase from BM to WN, HAZ and TMAZ for both types of projectiles. In all cases steel core projectiles caused higher depth of penetration compared to those caused by lead core projectiles. TMAZs of the friction stir welds were found to be the weakest zone. The fracture that occurred in the base material was spall fragmentation indicating brittle failure, whereas all zones of friction stir welded AA7075-T651 targets with a front petalling, indicating ductile failure. The post-ballistic tested samples showed no significant change in the microstructure of the BM and WN. On the other hand, TMAZ and HAZ showed severe grain deformation in the direction of projectile penetration, and the formation of adiabatic shear bands(ASB). This work showed that 25 mm thick friction stir welded AA7075-T651 joints responded well to ballistic impact loads, making them a good choice for light combat vehicles.
基金This research was financially supported by the Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50235030)the National 973 Planning Project(No.G1999065009)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Cooperation Project between China and Poland Governments in 2002(No.2002M3)their supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Ni-matrix composite coating containing AI2O3 nano-particles is prepared by brush plating. The effects of the nano-particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of the composite coating under the lubrication of a diesel oil containing sand are investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the composite coating is finer than that of the pure nickel coating due to the codeposition of the nano-particles. When the nano-particle concentration in the electroplating bath reaches 20 g/L, the microhardness, and wear resistance of the composite coating is as much as 1.6 times and 1.3-2.5 times of those of the pure nickel coating respectively. The main hardening mechanism of the composite coating is superfine crystal grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The composite coating is characterized by scuffing as it slides against Si3N4 under the present test conditions.
基金Funded by the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program(Industry)(BE2014865)
文摘TiAlSiN coating was deposited on H13 hot work mould steel using cathodic arc ion plating(CAIP). The surface-interface morphologies and phases of the obtained coating were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), respectively, and the morphologies, distributions of chemical elements and profiles of worn tracks were also researched using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscope(OM), respectively. The friction-wear performances of TiAlSiN coating under oil lubricated and dry fiction conditions were investigated, and the wear mechanisms of TiAlSiN coating were discussed. The experimental results show that the coating is primarily composed of(Ti, Al)N, AlTiN, and TiN hard phases, Si_3N_4 exists between the(Ti, Al)N crystal grains, increasing the coating microhardness to 3200 HV. The TiAlSiN coating has excellent performances of reducing friction and wear resistance, the average coefficient of friction(COF) of TiAlSiN coating under oil lubricated condition is only 0.05, lowered than the average COF of 0.211 under dry friction condition, the wear rate decreases by about 81.2% compared with that under dry friction condition. The wear mechanism of TiAlSiN coating under oil lubricated and dry friction conditions is composed of abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and abrasive wear, respectively. The internal friction of oil lubrication is a main factor of decreasing fatigue wear.
基金the Advanced Research Project of the General Armament De-partment of China
文摘NiZn ferrite thin fihns were performed on glass substrates of 85 ℃ by spin spray plating method. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films show that the samples have a cubic spinel structure with no extra lines corresponding to any other phases between 75 ℃ and 85 ℃. As the pH value of oxidizing solution increases to 8.3, the saturation magnetization increases to 3.13 × 10^5 A/m and resistivity to 127 m Ω ·cm. Film deposited at pH 7.8 has a smooth surface and definite columnar structure. The large wavy flakes were observed at pH 8.3. The high real part of complex permeability μ′ up to 36.1 and the imaginary part μ″ up to 53.2 were observed at 0.5 GHz by short microstrip line perturbation method. The μ″ of thin film has values higher than 20 at the frequencies between 0.5 GHz and 2 GHz, the film is a promising anti-noise material for high frequency applications,
基金[This work was financially supported by "973" key foundation of China (No.G 1998061510).]
文摘The skin friction and heat transfer occurring in the laminar boundary layerwhich caused by a vertical liquid jet impinging on a continuously moving horizontal plate werestudied. Similarity solutions for shear stress and heat distribution were obtained by using thehooting technique. The results show that the skin friction decreases with an increase of velocityparameter, the evolving of thermal boundary decrease with increasing in Prandtl number, but increasewith increasing of velocity parameter.
文摘The rigid-interface friction model is usually used in the nonlinear vibrationof the rectangular plate with dry friction support edges. The present study provides an extensionby using a hysteretic spring friction model and taking account of the stick-slip motion of theplate. Results for a range of problem parameters have been obtained. The results show that thenonlinear frequency response behavior of the system can be quite different from the rigid-interfacefriction model. The effects of the stiffness at friction interfaces and the stick-slip motion on thenonlinear vibration of the plate are significant and hence cannot be neglected.
文摘The effects on the local skin friction of smooth flat plate by formation of air cavity are investigated experimentally,under the conditions of several variations of air injection angle,pore size,porous surface area and transverse step.The experimental results show that local skin friction of downstream of the porous section could be reduced at extent ranging from 50% to 90%,by injection air through pore or slot,with free stream velocities from 2 to 6 m/s.The pore size and area of air injection surface have small effect on skin friction reduction,step has significant effect on skin friction reduction.The mechanism of the skin friction reduction is due to the formation of air cavity,mixed with air and water,between the flat plate and its water boundary layer.
文摘Multi- pass spray deposition shows apparent advantages in preparing large scale plates with rapid solidification. Shape model is promoted to obtain excellent shape. Three dimensional mathematical models considering motion of atomization cone and substrate, deposition distance and atomization parameters were used to predict deposited plate’s shape. The results can be used to optimize the process parameters.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 51774085)Liaoning Province Excellent Youth Foundation (No. 2020-YQ03)the Open Research Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University (No. 2020RALKFKT009)。
文摘Fusion welding easily causes microstructural coarsening in the heat-affected zone(HAZ) of a thick-gauge pipeline steel joint. This is most significant in the inter-critically coarse-grained HAZ(ICCGHAZ), which considerably deteriorates the toughness of the joint. In the present work, 11-mm thick pipeline steel was joined by preheating and double-sided friction stir welding(FSW). A comparative study on the microstructure and toughness in the ICCGHAZs for FSW and gas metal arc welding(GMAW) was performed. The toughness in the ICCGHAZ for FSW was improved significantly than that in the ICCGHAZ for GMAW. Generally, the nugget zone(NZ) has a coarse microstructure in the FSW steel joint formed at the highest peak temperature. However, in the current study, the microstructure in the one-pass NZ was remarkably refined owing to the static recrystallization of ferrite. An excellent toughness was achieved in the NZ of the pipeline steel joint that employed FSW.