Finite element analysis of effect of soil displacement on bearing capacity of single friction pile

Effect of soil displacement on friction single pile in the cases of tunneling,surcharge load and uniform soil movement was discussed in details with finite element method.Lateral displacement of the pile caused by soil displacement reached about 90% of the total displacement,which means that P-Δ effect of axial load can be neglected.The maximum moment of pile decreased from 159 kN·m to 133 kN·m in the case of surcharge load when the axial load increased from 0 to the ultimate load.When deformation of pile caused by soil displacement is large,axial load applied on pile-head plays the role of reducing the maximum bending moment in concrete pile to some extent.When pile is on one side of the tunnel,soil displacements around the pile are all alike,which means that the soil pressures around the pile do not decrease during tunneling.Therefore,Q-s curve of the pile affected by tunneling is very close to that of pile in static loading test.Bearing capacities of piles influenced by surcharge load and uniform soil movement are 2480 kN and 2630 kN,respectively,which are a little greater than that of the pile in static loading test(2400 kN).Soil pressures along pile increase due to surcharge load and uniform soil movement,and so do the shaft resistances along pile,as a result,when rebars in concrete piles are enough,bearing capacity of pile affected by soil displacement increases compared with that of pile in static loading test.

Evaluation of the Ultimate Capacity of Friction Piles

The precise prediction of maximum load carrying capacity of bored piles is a complex problem because the load is a function of a large number of factors. These factors include method of boring, method of concreting, quality of concrete, expertise of the construction staff, the ground conditions and the pile geometry. To ascertain the field performance and estimate load carrying capacities of piles, in-situ pile load tests are conducted. Due to practical and time constraints, it is not possible to load the pile up-to failure. In this study, field pile load test data is analyzed to estimate the ultimate load for friction piles. The analysis is based on three pile load test results. The tests are conducted at the site of The Cultural and Recreational Complex project in Port Said, Egypt. Three pile load tests are performed on bored piles of 900 mm diameter and 50 m length. Geotechnical investigations at the site are carried out to a maximum depth of 60 m. Ultimate capacities of piles are determined according to different methods including Egyptian Code of practice (2005), Tan-gent-tangent, Hansen (1963), Chin (1970), Ahmed and Pise (1997) and Decourt (1999). It was concluded that approxi- mately 8% of the ultimate load is resisted by bearing at the base of the pile, and that up to 92% of the load is resisted by friction along the shaft. Based on a comparison of pile capacity predictions using different method, recommendations are made. A new method is proposed to calculate the ultimate capacity of the pile from pile load test data. The ultimate capacity of the bored piles predicted using the proposed method appears to be reliable and compares well to different available methods.

A simplified approach for negative skin friction calculation of special-shaped pile considering pile-soil interaction under surcharge

A simplified approach was proposed to analyze the negative skin friction calculation of special-shaped pile considering pile-soil interaction under surcharge. Based on the concentric cylinder shearing theory, considering the changes of pile shape(such as, taper angle and diameters of pile base, etc.), the load-transfer of special-shaped pile was built. The accuracy of the developed simplified approach was verified by numerical simulation model with the same condition. Then, the influence factors, such as, taper angles, the diameter of pile base, surcharge, and pile-soil interface parameters were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the developed simplified approach can calculate NSF of special-shaped pile under surcharge effectively. A limited parametric study indicates that in many practical situations special-shaped piles(such as belled wedge pile shown in this work) offer a design option that is more economical than traditional uniform cross-section piles.

Theoretical Formula for Calculating Negative Skin Friction of Pile in Layered Soil and Its Application

Based on Zeevaert＇s method, a theoretical formula was developed to calculate the negative skin friction of pile in layered soil. For practical purpose,a cut-and-try method was proposed to determine neutral point. Case studies indicate that the total calculated negative skin friction was in agreement with the measured one, which verifies the feasibility and practicability of theoretical formula. Furthermore, the methods for calculating efficiency factor of drag load and settlement were also given.

杂填土地基中螺杆桩竖向承载特性研究

为了研究杂填土地基中螺杆桩竖向承载特性,基于极限平衡理论分析了桩-土咬合机理,结合桩-土之间的相互作用得到螺纹段等效侧阻力增大系数,在此基础上建立了单桩竖向承载力计算公式,并对杂填土地基中螺杆桩单桩进行缩尺模型试验。结果表明,螺杆桩在竖向荷载作用下,荷载-沉降曲线经历了弹性、弹塑性、塑性破坏3个阶段。根据模型试验所得桩身轴力和桩侧等效侧阻力沿深度的分布规律,总体上螺纹段等效侧阻力高于直杆段。当桩体达到极限承载力时,试验所得等效侧阻力扩大系数与理论分析结果基本一致。

EFFECT OF SKIN FRICTION ON THE DIRECTIONAL STABILITY OF DRIVEN PILES DURING DRIVING

In this paper, the driving forces at a pile top are considered as a periodic load during driving and the Mathieu equation is derived. From the stability charts of this equation, we can obtain the critical length of the pile, and the effect of skin friction upon the critical length is discussed.

抗拔桩承载能力影响因素与群桩变形规律试验研究

利用自主研发的桩基室内抗拔测试装置,结合数值模拟技术对抗拔桩的承载破坏过程及影响因素、群桩的协同工作特征展开了深入研究。结果表明:抗拔桩的承载破坏经历4个阶段,承载初期,桩顶侧摩阻力最先发挥作用,桩顶土体发生塑性破坏;随上拔荷载不断增大,桩体产生相对位移,桩周土体由于桩身侧摩阻力产生塑性破坏;当桩身轴力自桩顶传递至桩底时,桩身底端产生抗拔“吸附力”,并伴随局部土体塑性破坏;随着桩周土体塑性区的拓展、连通,抗拔桩承载能力达到极限;桩身长径比、桩-土界面摩擦因数、桩侧土体压力与其承载极限呈正相关关系,其中桩身长径比对桩端“吸附力”具有重要影响;群桩抗拔过程中,角桩侧摩阻力发挥最充分,桩身位移量最小,极限承载力最大,中心桩桩身位移最大,极限承载力最低;距径比影响抗拔桩的群桩效应,当距径比从2增大至8时,桩身侧摩阻力提高30%,将距径比8作为群桩工程的推荐值,6~10作为群桩距径比的推荐范围。

湿陷性黄土地基中桩基负摩阻力计算新方法

负摩阻力对湿陷性黄土地基中桩基的承载变形性状具有重要影响,现行桩基规范及黄土规范推荐的负摩阻力计算方法不能反映黄土桩基负摩阻力的实际性状。对近30年来在黄土地区开展的钢筋混凝土灌注桩现场浸水试验实测数据进行统计,分析黄土浸水完成后桩身中性点深度、桩身最大负摩阻力深度及负摩阻力系数与桩长径比的关系,通过线性拟合得到了中性点深度比、最大负摩阻力深度比及负摩阻力系数与桩长径比的经验表达式,提出湿陷性黄土地基中桩基负摩阻力计算的新方法。新方法用三角形表示负摩阻力沿深度的分布,能反映负摩阻力从桩顶向下先逐渐增大、达到最大值后随深度增加逐渐减小、最终在中性点处减小为零的分布特征。将提出的方法、桩基规范及黄土规范方法的计算结果与实测结果进行对比,结果表明,桩基规范预测的中性点深度比优于黄土规范,黄土规范预测的最大下拉荷载优于桩基规范,而用新方法计算的负摩阻力最接近实测结果。

软土中单侧边载作用下桩基负摩阻力研究

软土中因土体压缩性较高,在边载状况下易产生桩基负摩阻力,从而对工程产生安全隐患。本文通过有限元法对软土中受边载作用的桩基础所受到的桩基负摩阻力进行数值模拟,分析了不同边载等级、不同边载位距对软土中桩基负摩阻力、中性点位置和桩身轴力的影响。结果表明,在边载等级增加时,软土中桩身轴力有明显上升趋势,并随桩体埋深增加呈非线性趋势增长,而桩基负摩阻力随深度变化呈现非线性减小的趋势,桩体的下拉力增加,边载效应增强;同等级边载效应时,当边载与桩基之间的距离增加时,软土中桩基负摩阻力逐渐减小,中性点位置位于桩体靠近底部位置处,并随边载位置改变而受到一定影响。

湿陷性黄土地基大跨度桩基承载特性模型试验

城市车辆段上盖开发工程中的大跨度桩基具有单桩竖向承载较大、桩间大跨度范围内土体受荷较小的特点。以西安地铁某车辆段大跨度桩基为研究对象,制备人工湿陷性黄土作为相似材料,开展了湿陷性黄土地层大跨度桩基的室内模型试验,研究大跨度桩基在湿陷性黄土地层中的荷载传递机制与变形规律。结果表明:制备的人工湿陷性黄土与现场原状黄土性质接近,将其应用于模型试验时可以得到良好的效果;大跨度桩基在未浸水时,荷载沉降曲线为陡降型,桩身轴力在桩顶附近显著下降,未达到极限承载力时,桩顶沉降、桩端阻力线性增大;在黄土浸水湿陷后,桩身轴力沿埋深方向呈“D”字型分布,随着浸水时间的增加,桩顶沉降、桩端阻力先缓慢增加后显著增加,中性点位置不断向桩身下部移动。

岩溶地区端承摩擦桩应用实例

以贵州省毕节市某项目端承摩擦桩的应用为例,从工程地质条件、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、设计参数建议和基础方案选择等方面对岩溶地区桩基础设计和施工时的注意事项进行了分析。当基岩埋藏较深,桩端无较好持力层时,采用端承摩擦桩不仅能够提高单桩承载力,而且能够节约成本。

大厚度湿陷性黄土场地群桩基础负摩阻力分析

文中采用有限元仿真方法,分析群桩的桩土沉降、负摩阻力以及桩身轴力。结果表明,群桩的极限荷载承载力为45 kN,所有桩的桩周土沉降量均随着深度的增加而不断降低。当距桩顶深度小于20 m时,中心桩的桩周土沉降最小;当距桩顶深度大于20 m时,中心桩的桩周土沉降最大。浸水后的角桩、边桩和中心桩的摩阻力分别比浸水前高40%、38%、33%。浸水前,桩身轴力随着桩顶深度的增加呈现不断降低的趋势;浸水后,桩身轴力随着桩顶深度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。距桩顶最远处,浸水后角桩、边桩和中心桩的桩身轴力均高于浸水前的桩身轴力。

Three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analysis of a soil-pilebridge interaction

The soil-pile-bridge interaction of super-large pile groups is a very complex issue for the design of deep pile group foundations. In this paper, the load distribution on the pile top of a super large bridge foundation and its influential factors are analyzed comprehensively using a three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element method. The adopted model and its input parameters are firstly verified by comparing the numerical results with the measured data of static loading tests of a single pile. Numerical analysis is then performed to investigate the load distribution and the load-settlement characteristics of super-large pile groups, and the models are verified using centrifuge laboratory model testing data. The mechanism of the interaction between pile groups and soil under different conditions is explored.

桩摩阻力计算方法比选评估

通过收集上海地区典型工程试桩资料,统计应用黄强法及延伸线法计算的桩基桩侧摩阻、桩端阻力,与桩侧摩阻、桩端阻力的实测值进行对比分析。研究发现两种方法计算得到的端阻比大于实测值,且延伸线法结果离散性更大。故采用黄强方法打五折确定桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力。

不同桩-土界面摩擦系数对水平荷载下大直径单桩变形特性影响研究

为研究不同桩-土界面摩擦系数对水平荷载下大直径单桩变形特性的影响,根据现场试验及室内循环剪切试验结果,采用Abaqus软件及可考虑软土软化效应的本构模型进行数值模拟。结果表明:提高桩-土界面摩擦系数可在一定程度上减少桩顶位移,其减少程度与桩土相对位移呈正相关。桩-土界面摩擦系数变化区间为0.1~0.5,在水平静载作用下,桩-土界面摩擦系数对桩顶位移的影响随荷载的增大而增大,随桩径的增大而减小。水平循环荷载作用下,桩-土界面摩擦系数对桩顶位移及桩周土体软化程度的影响随荷载峰值、荷载频率、循环次数的增大而增大,桩顶位移减小值最大可达25.85%,桩周土体软化程度最大可达17%。

考虑桩-土摩阻效应的桥梁桩基水平承载特性研究

为研究桥梁大直径桩基在水平荷载作用下,桩-土效应对其力学特性的影响程度,结合新建重庆至昆明高速铁路毛家村水库特大桥大直径桩基项目,运用理论解析方法,基于弹性地基梁模型和p-y曲线法求解桩基水平承载力,考虑桩-土摩阻效应,比较理论值与现场实测值,并研究桩-土界面摩擦角和桩直径敏感参数。结果表明,桩顶水平承载力和桩身最大弯矩在κ=06φ时的计算值与实测值对比效果良好。随着桩-土界面摩擦角增加,桩侧摩阻力、桩身附加轴力和桩身附加弯矩不断增加,随着桩直径增加,桩顶位移折减比和桩身最大弯矩折减比均呈线性减小。

静钻根植桩竖向承载性能现场试验研究

通过一组现场试验对同一场地内静钻根植桩的抗压和抗拔承载性能进行研究,试桩均加载至极限状态。通过抗压和抗拔静载试验对静钻根植桩的抗压和抗拔承载性能进行对比分析。试验结果表明:静钻根植桩的抗压承载性能相比传统钻孔灌注桩有显著提高,本次试验场地各土层中静钻根植桩的桩侧摩阻力是规范建议的钻孔灌注桩极限侧摩阻力的1.49~3.21倍;静钻根植桩抗拔承载性能也明显优于钻孔灌注桩,抗拔试桩的极限承载力是根据规范计算的钻孔灌注桩极限抗拔承载力的1.52~1.55倍;静钻根植桩抗拔状态下桩侧摩阻力明显小于抗压状态下的桩侧摩擦力,即静钻根植桩也存在侧阻抗拔系数。

托底抗拔桩侧摩阻力发挥机理及计算模型研究

抗拔桩有效解决地下水对建筑物产生上浮效果的负面影响。托底抗拔桩将无粘结钢绞线与普通抗拔桩有效结合,充分利用桩体承压性能。基于有效应力法确定桩侧极限摩阻力分布范围,采用双折线荷载传递函数模拟桩侧摩阻力发挥特性,探讨托底抗拔桩的承载力变化规律,建立桩侧摩阻力发挥范围和荷载-位移的计算公式,提出托底抗拔桩承载力计算模型,并与普通抗拔桩性能进行对比。结果表明,相比于传统抗拔桩,托底抗拔桩改善桩体受荷状态,有效提高承载力、降低桩顶位移,具有较好的应用效果。该文研究成果为托底抗拔桩的应用提供理论基础。

在地下水位下降引起单桩负摩阻力及沉降数值的分析

利用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立单桩负摩阻力数值计算模型,着重研究地下水位下降时软弱地基中摩擦型单桩的负摩阻力性状。同时,分析了地下水位下降对摩擦型单桩负摩阻力、中性点位置、桩周土沉降、桩顶沉降发展规律的影响。上述研究的结论,对桩基础设计具有一定的借鉴意义。

基于光纤监测钻孔灌注桩承载性能研究

为了研究湖州软土地区钻孔灌注桩侧摩阻力的发挥,采用光纤监测技术获取试桩在现场载荷试验中桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力及桩顶沉降位移。通过对监测数据分析,结果表明:试验荷载下试桩为摩擦桩,摩擦桩的承载力提高主要由桩侧摩阻力决定,且随着桩顶荷载的增加各土层的侧摩阻力相应增加;上部的黏质粉土层侧摩阻力随着加载等级的增加相应增加并趋于极限,其他土层侧摩阻力也逐渐增加,其中桩承载力主要由中部粉质黏土层的侧摩阻力提供;在桩顶荷载较小的情况下,桩顶荷载由上部的土层侧摩阻力承担,轴力未传递到下部土层,下部土层对桩身侧摩阻力无发挥,桩端阻力为零。