The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries(FFs).During high-oleic rapeseed oil(RO)frying,the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break...The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries(FFs).During high-oleic rapeseed oil(RO)frying,the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break-in(3.5%-7.5%of total polar compounds(TPC)),optimum(7.5%-22.18%of TPC),and degrading stages(above 22.18%of TPC).Further,in order to distinguish the key aroma compounds in each stage,the FFs prepared in RO at TPC of 3.5%(FF4),14.5%(FF15),and 26.96%(FF27)and their relevant oils(RO4,RO15,RO27)were selected for sensory-directed analysis.The results revealed that the FF4 had low contents of(E,E)-2,4-decadienal(deep-fried odor)which also caused lower sensory score in FF4 sample.The higher contents of(E,E)-2,4-decadienal in FF15 induced its higher deep-fried odor.The FF27 had higher hexanoic acid(sweaty odor),heptanoic acid,nonanoic acid,benzene acetaldehyde(stale odor),and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal(metallic odor)compared with FF4 and FF15,thus leading to the undesirable flavor of FF27.Moreover,the decrease of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine in FF27 induced the lower roasty flavor,which may also lead to the decline of the sensory score.Similarly,the higher contents of(E)-2-undecenal,hexanoic acid,heptanoic acid,and nonanoic acid in RO27 lead to increase its rancid score and thus lower the sensory score.展开更多
Fish feed is one of the main constraints on the growth of aquaculture in Kenya. The lack of high-quality and competitively priced feeds means that the fish farmers are unable to expand their production. To ensure that...Fish feed is one of the main constraints on the growth of aquaculture in Kenya. The lack of high-quality and competitively priced feeds means that the fish farmers are unable to expand their production. To ensure that aquaculture remains viable and sustainable, it is necessary to optimize production through the utilization of locally available feeding materials. Insect-based feeds are alternative least-cost feeding resource in fish production. Using alternative protein sources such as black soldier fly larvae (BSF) and daphnia meal in place of fishmeal (Omena and Dagaa) is an ingenious strategy for sustainable fish aquaculture. This study evaluated the effect of four treatments: BSF, daphnia, Omena from Lake Victoria and Dagaa from Lake Tanganyika on the fish pond environmental parameters and fish fries’ performance (body weight and length). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 30 fingerlings in each experimental unit. The feeding trials took 23 days. Results indicated that the four treatments have a varied effect on the BW and L of fish fries. A high growth rate was observed in Daphia, followed by BSF, Omena and Dagaa in that order. On the other hand, the treatments have varied effects on pond parameters with BSF promoting too much growth of algae. BSF have higher amounts of ammonia, nitrates and phosphorus, which stimulate the high growth of algae.展开更多
Charles C.Fries是被语料库语言学界遗忘的一位重量级人物。他既是美国结构主义的代表人物,同时也是一位具有超前意识的语料库语言学思想家和杰出实践者。他的一些语料库语言学思想及方法至今对语料库语言学仍具有指导意义。对其主要的...Charles C.Fries是被语料库语言学界遗忘的一位重量级人物。他既是美国结构主义的代表人物,同时也是一位具有超前意识的语料库语言学思想家和杰出实践者。他的一些语料库语言学思想及方法至今对语料库语言学仍具有指导意义。对其主要的语料库语言学思想及方法:真实客观的数据观、将语言对比特征作为研究的焦点以及实证的研究范式,进行了评述,并在最后指出其思想和方法上的一些缺陷。展开更多
Charles C.Fries的贡献不仅在语言教育上,他的语言学理论在当时也独树一帜。讨论并分析了Fries的相关语篇分析思想。研究发现,Fries的语境观与Malinowski和同时期J.R.Firth的语境观大同小异。Fries的序列信号显示了他对话语衔接和连贯...Charles C.Fries的贡献不仅在语言教育上,他的语言学理论在当时也独树一帜。讨论并分析了Fries的相关语篇分析思想。研究发现,Fries的语境观与Malinowski和同时期J.R.Firth的语境观大同小异。Fries的序列信号显示了他对话语衔接和连贯的看法,他的这些语篇分析思想对后来的超句子研究有着一定积极影响。有必要重新审视和评价Charles C.Fries对结构语言学的贡献。展开更多
Charles C.Fries一般被认为是美国结构主义语言学家,当代理论语言学往往也往往将Fries的贡献集中在结构主义语言学领域,对他在功能语言学领域的影响较少提及。本文从Fries的语言交际观、信号语法、语言意义研究、语料收集和语境研究等...Charles C.Fries一般被认为是美国结构主义语言学家,当代理论语言学往往也往往将Fries的贡献集中在结构主义语言学领域,对他在功能语言学领域的影响较少提及。本文从Fries的语言交际观、信号语法、语言意义研究、语料收集和语境研究等方面入手,对比结构主义语言学并参照功能语言学进行梳理分析,认为Fries的语言研究在很多方面都蕴含功能主义思想,具有功能主义特色。通过对Fries的语言观的分析,对其语言研究所属的理论流派重新定位,旨在使人们对Fries的语言学思想及美国语言学发展史有深入全面的认识。展开更多
Charles C.Fries是20世纪美国结构主义语言学派代表人物之一,但与同时期其他结构语言学家不同,他的语言思想在不同程度上折射出了系统功能语言学及认知语言学的部分理论元素。对Fries的语言使用观、意义观和语境观进行解读,分析该语言...Charles C.Fries是20世纪美国结构主义语言学派代表人物之一,但与同时期其他结构语言学家不同,他的语言思想在不同程度上折射出了系统功能语言学及认知语言学的部分理论元素。对Fries的语言使用观、意义观和语境观进行解读,分析该语言理论中所体现的功能元素和认知元素,有助于对其理论作出更为合理的认识和评价。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National First-Class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology (JUFSTR20180202)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX20_1852)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901728)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (2020Z297)
文摘The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries(FFs).During high-oleic rapeseed oil(RO)frying,the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break-in(3.5%-7.5%of total polar compounds(TPC)),optimum(7.5%-22.18%of TPC),and degrading stages(above 22.18%of TPC).Further,in order to distinguish the key aroma compounds in each stage,the FFs prepared in RO at TPC of 3.5%(FF4),14.5%(FF15),and 26.96%(FF27)and their relevant oils(RO4,RO15,RO27)were selected for sensory-directed analysis.The results revealed that the FF4 had low contents of(E,E)-2,4-decadienal(deep-fried odor)which also caused lower sensory score in FF4 sample.The higher contents of(E,E)-2,4-decadienal in FF15 induced its higher deep-fried odor.The FF27 had higher hexanoic acid(sweaty odor),heptanoic acid,nonanoic acid,benzene acetaldehyde(stale odor),and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal(metallic odor)compared with FF4 and FF15,thus leading to the undesirable flavor of FF27.Moreover,the decrease of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine in FF27 induced the lower roasty flavor,which may also lead to the decline of the sensory score.Similarly,the higher contents of(E)-2-undecenal,hexanoic acid,heptanoic acid,and nonanoic acid in RO27 lead to increase its rancid score and thus lower the sensory score.
文摘Fish feed is one of the main constraints on the growth of aquaculture in Kenya. The lack of high-quality and competitively priced feeds means that the fish farmers are unable to expand their production. To ensure that aquaculture remains viable and sustainable, it is necessary to optimize production through the utilization of locally available feeding materials. Insect-based feeds are alternative least-cost feeding resource in fish production. Using alternative protein sources such as black soldier fly larvae (BSF) and daphnia meal in place of fishmeal (Omena and Dagaa) is an ingenious strategy for sustainable fish aquaculture. This study evaluated the effect of four treatments: BSF, daphnia, Omena from Lake Victoria and Dagaa from Lake Tanganyika on the fish pond environmental parameters and fish fries’ performance (body weight and length). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 30 fingerlings in each experimental unit. The feeding trials took 23 days. Results indicated that the four treatments have a varied effect on the BW and L of fish fries. A high growth rate was observed in Daphia, followed by BSF, Omena and Dagaa in that order. On the other hand, the treatments have varied effects on pond parameters with BSF promoting too much growth of algae. BSF have higher amounts of ammonia, nitrates and phosphorus, which stimulate the high growth of algae.
