水稻的花发育是稻米形成的基础,研究水稻花发育的机制具有十分重要的意义。在水稻组培后代中发现一个生殖发育突变体,暂命名为function of reproductive organ(fro1(t)),主要性状为内、外稃片扭曲变形抱合,小穗外形酷似辣椒,但小穗始终...水稻的花发育是稻米形成的基础,研究水稻花发育的机制具有十分重要的意义。在水稻组培后代中发现一个生殖发育突变体,暂命名为function of reproductive organ(fro1(t)),主要性状为内、外稃片扭曲变形抱合,小穗外形酷似辣椒,但小穗始终闭合不开花;副颖多数退化;浆片转变成薄叶状;雄蕊花丝膨大扭曲,花药表面扭曲变形,无花粉,雄蕊个数2～6枚,部分雄蕊转化为底部为叶状,顶部有类似柱头的雌蕊状器官;子房发育正常,但是多数花柱融合,柱头簇生,3～4个。扫描电镜结果显示,决定fro1(t)性状的基因调控着水稻花分生组织的分化及花器官决定的特化。利用图位克隆等技术对基因进行定位,最终将该突变位点定位在水稻8号染色体长臂上InDel0802和RM23432标记之间,目的基因与两个标记的遗传距离分别为0.58cM和1.3cM。据以上结果推测,该基因可能是一个调控水稻各轮花器官发育的新基因。展开更多
Medical ultrasound imaging with Doppler plays an essential role in the diagnosis of vascular disease. This study intended to review the clinical use of "to-and-fro" waveform at duplex Doppler ultrasonography...Medical ultrasound imaging with Doppler plays an essential role in the diagnosis of vascular disease. This study intended to review the clinical use of "to-and-fro" waveform at duplex Doppler ultrasonography(DDU) in the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms in the arterial vessels of upper and lower extremities, abdominal aorta, carotid and vertebral arteries as well as to review our personal experiences of "to-and-fro" waveform at DDU also. After receiving institutional review board approval, an inclusive literature review was carried out in order to review the scientific foundation of "toand-fro" waveform at DDU and its clinical use in the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms in various arterial vessels. Articles published in the English language between 2000 and 2013 were evaluated in this review study. Pseudoaneurysms in arterial vessels of the upper and lower extremities, abdominal aorta, carotid and vertebral arteries characterized by an extraluminal pattern of blood flow, which shows variable echogenicity, interval complexity, and "to-and-fro" flow pattern on color Doppler ultrasonography. In these arterial vessels, Duplex ultrasonography can demonstrate the degree of clotting, pseudoaneurysm communication, the blood flow patterns and velocities. Spectral Doppler applied to pseudoaneurysms lumen revealed systolic and diastolic turbulent blood flow with traditional "toand-fro" waveform in the communicating channel. Accurate diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm by spectral Doppler is based on the documentation of the "to-andfro" waveform. The size of pseudoaneurysm determines the appropriate treatment approach as surgical or conservative.展开更多
我们在转基因水稻后代中发现了两个生殖器官发育相关的隐性突变体,暂命名为function of reproductive organ1（fro1）和pistilloid-stamen（ps-2）。fro1突变体内外稃闭合,抽穗但不开花;4轮器官结构及数目近正常,但内外稃片抱合扭曲成...我们在转基因水稻后代中发现了两个生殖器官发育相关的隐性突变体,暂命名为function of reproductive organ1（fro1）和pistilloid-stamen（ps-2）。fro1突变体内外稃闭合,抽穗但不开花;4轮器官结构及数目近正常,但内外稃片抱合扭曲成辣椒状,雌雄蕊发育不完全,无花粉形成,雌蕊不育。ps-2突变体类似Luo等（2006）报道的ps突变体：颖花开裂,内外颖片变窄、变硬,外颖弯曲,但ps只有1-5枚雄蕊转化成雌蕊,而ps-2有5-6枚雄蕊转化成雌蕊,仅有极少数突变颖花留有1枚未转变的雄蕊,突变体雌蕊状结构10个以上,不能结实。通过对突变体fro1和ps-2分别与野生型明恢86正反杂交,与R527、93-11和中花16的杂交后代表型分离规律分析表明：突变体fro1和ps-2是分别由一对隐性基因控制的突变体,其中fro1的F2后代表型分离比均符合3：1,大部分ps-2的F2后代表型分离比偏离3：1。进一步分析fro1和ps-2双突变体的遗传和表型发现：fro1和ps-2基因不等位,是两个独立遗传的基因。植株生活力受纯合ps-2基因的影响,但不受纯合fro1基因的影响。双突变体的内外稃片结构及开裂特征似ps-2,而内外稃包合状与fro1近似,雄蕊仍表现雌化,但数目明显减少。fro1和ps-2双突变体的表型特征暗示了ps-2和fro1间存在一定的互作。展开更多
It has been hypothesized that under iron stress high ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity in the absorptive root of plants tolerant to iron_deficiency will be induced and result in subsequent Fe 2+ transport a...It has been hypothesized that under iron stress high ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity in the absorptive root of plants tolerant to iron_deficiency will be induced and result in subsequent Fe 2+ transport across the plasmalemma. The activity of FCR and expression of FCR gene (FRO2) in Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka tolerant to iron_deficiency and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. susceptible to iron_deficiency were determined to elucidate the physiological difference which causes the different tolerance of the two citrus rootstocks to iron stress. The activity of FCR was detectable in excised roots and was stimulated about 20_times in C. junos and only about 3_times in P. trifoliata under iron deficiency for four weeks. The FRO2 of Arabidopsis was used as a probe, the tissue print technique was used to ascertain the expression of the FCR gene in C. junos and P. trifoliata under iron stress. High_level transcripts were observed in the absorptive root, young green stem as well as new leaf of C. junos under iron stress for two weeks, and the transcripts were accumulated only slightly in P. trifoliata at the same time. The results showed that the obvious increase of FCR activity was an important reason for the tolerance of C. junos to iron_deficiency, and the regulation of FCR activity seemed to be at the transcriptional level, and the expression of FRO2 occurred in the root, stem and leaf.展开更多
This paper addresses the design of a biomimetic fish robot actuated by piezoeeramic actuators and the effect of artificial caudal fins on the fish robot＇s performance. The limited bending displacement produced by a l...This paper addresses the design of a biomimetic fish robot actuated by piezoeeramic actuators and the effect of artificial caudal fins on the fish robot＇s performance. The limited bending displacement produced by a lightweight piezocomposite actuator was amplified and transformed into a large tail beat motion by means of a linkage system. Caudal fins that mimic the shape of a mackerel fin were fabricated for the purpose of examining the effect of caudal fm characteristics on thrust production at an operating frequency range. The thickness distribution of a real mackerel＇s fin was measured and used to design artificial caudal fins. The thrust performance of the biomimetic fish robot propelled by fins of various thicknesses was examined in terms of the Strouhal number, the Froude number, the Reynolds number, and the power consumption. For the same fm area and aspect ratio, an artificial caudal fin with a distributed thickness shows the best forward speed and the least power consumption.展开更多
文摘水稻的花发育是稻米形成的基础,研究水稻花发育的机制具有十分重要的意义。在水稻组培后代中发现一个生殖发育突变体,暂命名为function of reproductive organ(fro1(t)),主要性状为内、外稃片扭曲变形抱合,小穗外形酷似辣椒,但小穗始终闭合不开花;副颖多数退化;浆片转变成薄叶状;雄蕊花丝膨大扭曲,花药表面扭曲变形,无花粉,雄蕊个数2～6枚,部分雄蕊转化为底部为叶状,顶部有类似柱头的雌蕊状器官;子房发育正常,但是多数花柱融合,柱头簇生,3～4个。扫描电镜结果显示,决定fro1(t)性状的基因调控着水稻花分生组织的分化及花器官决定的特化。利用图位克隆等技术对基因进行定位,最终将该突变位点定位在水稻8号染色体长臂上InDel0802和RM23432标记之间,目的基因与两个标记的遗传距离分别为0.58cM和1.3cM。据以上结果推测,该基因可能是一个调控水稻各轮花器官发育的新基因。
基金Supported by College of Applied Medical Sciences Research Center and the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
文摘Medical ultrasound imaging with Doppler plays an essential role in the diagnosis of vascular disease. This study intended to review the clinical use of "to-and-fro" waveform at duplex Doppler ultrasonography(DDU) in the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms in the arterial vessels of upper and lower extremities, abdominal aorta, carotid and vertebral arteries as well as to review our personal experiences of "to-and-fro" waveform at DDU also. After receiving institutional review board approval, an inclusive literature review was carried out in order to review the scientific foundation of "toand-fro" waveform at DDU and its clinical use in the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms in various arterial vessels. Articles published in the English language between 2000 and 2013 were evaluated in this review study. Pseudoaneurysms in arterial vessels of the upper and lower extremities, abdominal aorta, carotid and vertebral arteries characterized by an extraluminal pattern of blood flow, which shows variable echogenicity, interval complexity, and "to-and-fro" flow pattern on color Doppler ultrasonography. In these arterial vessels, Duplex ultrasonography can demonstrate the degree of clotting, pseudoaneurysm communication, the blood flow patterns and velocities. Spectral Doppler applied to pseudoaneurysms lumen revealed systolic and diastolic turbulent blood flow with traditional "toand-fro" waveform in the communicating channel. Accurate diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm by spectral Doppler is based on the documentation of the "to-andfro" waveform. The size of pseudoaneurysm determines the appropriate treatment approach as surgical or conservative.
文摘我们在转基因水稻后代中发现了两个生殖器官发育相关的隐性突变体,暂命名为function of reproductive organ1（fro1）和pistilloid-stamen（ps-2）。fro1突变体内外稃闭合,抽穗但不开花;4轮器官结构及数目近正常,但内外稃片抱合扭曲成辣椒状,雌雄蕊发育不完全,无花粉形成,雌蕊不育。ps-2突变体类似Luo等（2006）报道的ps突变体：颖花开裂,内外颖片变窄、变硬,外颖弯曲,但ps只有1-5枚雄蕊转化成雌蕊,而ps-2有5-6枚雄蕊转化成雌蕊,仅有极少数突变颖花留有1枚未转变的雄蕊,突变体雌蕊状结构10个以上,不能结实。通过对突变体fro1和ps-2分别与野生型明恢86正反杂交,与R527、93-11和中花16的杂交后代表型分离规律分析表明：突变体fro1和ps-2是分别由一对隐性基因控制的突变体,其中fro1的F2后代表型分离比均符合3：1,大部分ps-2的F2后代表型分离比偏离3：1。进一步分析fro1和ps-2双突变体的遗传和表型发现：fro1和ps-2基因不等位,是两个独立遗传的基因。植株生活力受纯合ps-2基因的影响,但不受纯合fro1基因的影响。双突变体的内外稃片结构及开裂特征似ps-2,而内外稃包合状与fro1近似,雄蕊仍表现雌化,但数目明显减少。fro1和ps-2双突变体的表型特征暗示了ps-2和fro1间存在一定的互作。
文摘It has been hypothesized that under iron stress high ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity in the absorptive root of plants tolerant to iron_deficiency will be induced and result in subsequent Fe 2+ transport across the plasmalemma. The activity of FCR and expression of FCR gene (FRO2) in Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka tolerant to iron_deficiency and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. susceptible to iron_deficiency were determined to elucidate the physiological difference which causes the different tolerance of the two citrus rootstocks to iron stress. The activity of FCR was detectable in excised roots and was stimulated about 20_times in C. junos and only about 3_times in P. trifoliata under iron deficiency for four weeks. The FRO2 of Arabidopsis was used as a probe, the tissue print technique was used to ascertain the expression of the FCR gene in C. junos and P. trifoliata under iron stress. High_level transcripts were observed in the absorptive root, young green stem as well as new leaf of C. junos under iron stress for two weeks, and the transcripts were accumulated only slightly in P. trifoliata at the same time. The results showed that the obvious increase of FCR activity was an important reason for the tolerance of C. junos to iron_deficiency, and the regulation of FCR activity seemed to be at the transcriptional level, and the expression of FRO2 occurred in the root, stem and leaf.
文摘This paper addresses the design of a biomimetic fish robot actuated by piezoeeramic actuators and the effect of artificial caudal fins on the fish robot＇s performance. The limited bending displacement produced by a lightweight piezocomposite actuator was amplified and transformed into a large tail beat motion by means of a linkage system. Caudal fins that mimic the shape of a mackerel fin were fabricated for the purpose of examining the effect of caudal fm characteristics on thrust production at an operating frequency range. The thickness distribution of a real mackerel＇s fin was measured and used to design artificial caudal fins. The thrust performance of the biomimetic fish robot propelled by fins of various thicknesses was examined in terms of the Strouhal number, the Froude number, the Reynolds number, and the power consumption. For the same fm area and aspect ratio, an artificial caudal fin with a distributed thickness shows the best forward speed and the least power consumption.
