Effect of intrauterine perfusion of granular leukocyte-colony stimulating factor on the outcome of frozen embryo transfer

BACKGROUND Treatment of thin endometrium with granular leukocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF)remains controversial.AIM To investigate the effect of G-CSF on the outcome of frozen embryo transfer in patients with thin endometrium.METHODS A retrospective propensity score matching(PSM)study was performed to assess patients administered frozen embryo transfer at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,in 2012-2018.The patients were divided into G-CSF intrauterine perfusion(G-CSF)and non-G-CSF groups,and clinical pregnancy,implantation,ectopic pregnancy,and early abortion rates between the two groups were compared.RESULTS Before PSM,372 cycles were enrolled,including 242 and 130 cycles in the G-CSF and non-G-CSF groups,respectively.Age(34.23±5.76 vs 32.99±5.59 years;P=0.047)and the blastula/cleavage stage embryo ratio(0.68 vs 0.37;P=0.011)were significantly elevated in the G-CSF group compared with the non-G-CSF group;however,clinical pregnancy(46.28%vs 51.54%;P=0.371)and embryo implantation(35.21%vs 35.65%;P=0.910)rates were similar in both groups.After PSM by age and blastula/cleavage stage embryo ratio,244 cycles were included(122 cases each in the G-CSF and non-G-CSF groups).The clinical pregnancy(50.82%vs 48.36%;P=0.701)and embryo implantation(37.38%vs 34.11%;P=0.480)remained similar in both groups.CONCLUSION Intrauterine infusion of G-CSF does not improve the clinical outcome of frozen embryo transfer in patients with thin endometrium.

Comparative Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Two Corpus Luteum Support Regimens on Patients with Frozen Embryo Transfer

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of two corpus luteum support programs in patients with frozen embryo transfer (FET). Methods: A retrospective analysis of the complete clinical data of 340 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transfer in the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jingzhou Central Hospital from September 2016 to July 2018. These patients were divided into group A and B according to the luteal support program. We compared the clinical outcomes of the two corpus luteum preparations by comparing the laboratory parameters of the two groups of patients with clinical pregnancy indicators. Results: We found there was no significant difference in the results of general conditions in the two groups of patients, such as infertility age and duration, body mass index (BMI), basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), basal luteinizing hormone (LH), basal estrogen (E2) levels, the endometrial thickness, the number of transplanted high-quality embryos on the day of transplantation and so on (P > 0.05). We found that the implantation rate (32.55%), biochemical pregnancy rate (53.57%), and clinical pregnancy rate (51.78%) in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (25.26%, 35.11%, and 34.66%, respectively) (P 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that patients who are scheduled for frozen embryo transfer use progesterone vaginal sustained release capsules combined with luteal progesterone luteal support, have improved clinical pregnancy rates.

Random sperm DNA fragmentation index is not associated with clinical outcomes in day-3 frozen embryo transfer

Damage to sperm DNA was proposed to play an important role in embryonic development.Previous studies focused on outcomes after fresh embryo transfer,whereas this study investigated the influence of sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)on laboratory and clinical outcomes after frozen embryo transfer(FET).This retrospective study examined 381 couples using cleavage-stage FET.Sperm used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)or in vitro fertilization(IVF)underwent density gradient centrifugation and swim up processing.Sperm DFI had a negative correlation with sperm motility(r=−0.640,P<0.01),sperm concentration(r=−0.289,P<0.01),and fertilization rate of IVF cycles(r=−0.247,P<0.01).Sperm DFI examined before and after density gradient centrifugation/swim up processing was markedly decreased after processing(17.1%vs 2.4%,P<0.01;65 randomly picked couples).Sperm progressive motility was significantly reduced in high DFI group compared with low DFI group for both IVF and ICSI(IVF:46.9%±12.4%vs 38.5%±12.6%,respectively;ICSI:37.6%±14.1%vs 22.3%±17.8%,respectively;both P<0.01).The fertilization rate was significantly lower in high(≥25%)DFI group compared with low(<25%)DFI group using IVF(73.3%±23.9%vs 53.2%±33.6%,respectively;P<0.01)but was equivalent in high and low DFI groups using ICSI.Embryonic development and clinical outcomes after FET were equivalent for low and high DFI groups using ICSI or IVF.In this study,sperm DFI did not provide sufficient information regarding embryo development or clinical outcomes for infertile couples using FET.

Effects of the Interval between Ovulation Induction using Clomiphene Citrate and Frozen Embryo Transfer on Pregnancy Outcome

Objective:To explore the best timing for frozen embryo transfer(FET)after ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval using the clomiphene citrate(CC)+human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG)ovulation induction regimen through a retrospective analysis.Methods:Data of patients who underwent CC+hMG ovulation induction and FET from January 2014 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into three groups according to the interval from egg retrieval to FET:CC1(within 1 menstrual cycle),CC2(2 menstrual cycles),and CC3(≥3 menstrual cycles).Indicators such as hormone levels and pregnancy outcomes were recorded to explore the effect of different intervals on pregnancy outcome.Results:A total of 1,082 transfer cycles were included in this retrospective analysis.The implantation,clinical pregnancy,and live birth rates in the CC1 group were significantly lower than those in the CC2 and CC3 groups(P<0.05).The E2/P4 ratio on progesterone injection day(3 days before thawed embryo transfer)was lower in the CC1 group than in the other groups(P<0.05).After adjusting for all factors using multifactor regression analysis,the interval between egg retrieval and FET was found to be an independent predictor of the implantation,pregnancy,and live birth rates.Conclusion:An interval of more than one menstrual cycle between the day of egg retrieval after ovarian stimulation with the CC+hMG ovulation induction regimen and the day of FET can result in high implantation,clinical pregnancy,and live birth rates,which can lead to an improved pregnancy outcome.

Artificial Cycle with or without a Depot Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist for Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer： An Assessment of Infertility Type that Is Most Suitable

The clinical outcomes of five groups of infertility patients receiving frozen- thawed, cleavage-stage embryo transfers with exogenous hormone protocols with or without a depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） agonist were assessed. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 1003 cycles undergoing frozen-thawed, cleavage-stage embryo transfers from January 1, 2012 to June 31, 2015 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region. Based on the infertility etiologies of the patients, the 1003 cycles were divided into five groups： tubal infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）, endometriosis, male infertility, and unexplained infertility. The main outcome was the live birth rate. Two groups were set up based on the intervention： group A was given a GnRH agonist with exogenous estrogen and progesterone, and group B （control group） was given exogenous estrogen and progesterone only. The results showed that the baseline serum hormone levels and basic characteristics of the patients were not significantly different between groups A and B. The live birth rates in groups A and B were 41.67% and 29.29%, respectively （P〈0.05）. The live birth rates in patients with PCOS in groups A and B were 56.25% and 30.61%, respectively （P〈0.05）. The clinical pregnancy, implantation and on-going pregnancy rates showed the same trends as the live birth rates between groups A and B. The ectopic pregnancy rate was significantly lower in group A than in group B. We concluded that the live birth rate was higher and other clinical outcomes were more satisfactory with GnRH agonist co- treatment than without GnRH agonist co-treatment for frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The GnRH agonist combined with exogenous estrogen and progesterone worked for all types of infertility tested, especially for women with PCOS.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Pregnancy Rate in Frozenthawed Embryo Transfer

Objective To analyse factors influencing the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer （FET）. Method A retrospective analysis was performed in our center on 129 thawing cycles from March 2001 to April 2003. The related parameters were compared between conceived and non-conceived cycles. Results There were totally 129 clinical pregnancies in these transfers （pregnancy rate： 27.1%）. Frozen-thawed embryos were transferred to natural cycles and CC cycling and hormone replacement treatment had equal success. Groups of IVF and ICSI did not differ significantly in pregnancy rates （P〉0.05）. The pregnancy rates for one, two, three and four pre-embryos transfer were 0, 20.0%,44.1% and 75.0%, respectively （P〈0.05）. There were statistical differences between pregnancy group or non- pregnancy group in the endometrial thickness, CES, CES/No. of embryo. A higher pregnancy rate was observed in embryo transfers which had at least one 4-cell grade I embryo （d 2）（P〈0.01）. Conclusions The most important factors influencing the implantation rate and pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed embryo transfer are age, endometrium thickness, and the number, morphology and growth rate of transferred frozen embryos of women participants.

Improvement of Live Birth Rate Following Frozen-Thawed Blastocyst Transfer by Combination of Prednisolone Administration and Stimulation of Endometrium Embryo Transfer

The endometrial condition is a significant factor for successful pregnancy. To regulate endometrial function in fertility treatment, prednisolone (PSL) is administered for suppression of increased natural killer cells and stimulation of endometrium embryo transfer (SEET) to enhance communication between embryo and maternal tissues. We attempted to improve the endometrial condition by PSL administration and SEET during frozen–thawed blastocyst transfer (FBT). Patients took PSL (5 mg) 3 times daily for 3 days after ovulation during the FBT cycle. To analyse effects of PSL combined with SEET, we determined rates of chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, foetal heart movement (FHM) and live birth. Rates of chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and FHM were significantly higher in the PSL(+)/SEET(+) (57.7%, 50.0% and 46.2%, respectively) and PSL(+)/SEET(-) (53.3%, 46.7% and 46.7%, respectively) groups than in the PSL(-)/SEET(+) (30.3%, 18.2% and 18.2%, respectively) and PSL(-)/SEET(-) (22.4%, 22.4% and 18.4%;P = 0.0043, 0.0081 and 0.0055, respectively) groups. The live birth rate was significantly higher in the PSL(+)/SEET(+) group than in the PSL(+)/SEET(-), PSL(-)/SEET(+) and PSL(-)/SEET(-) groups (42.3%, 26.7%, 18.2% and 12.2%, respectively;P = 0.0237). PSL combined with SEET may be a useful adjunct to assisted reproductive technology in women who repeatedly fail to conceive by infertility treatment.

Predictive Value of Initial Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels for Pregnancies after Single Fresh and Frozen Blastocyst Transfer

As one of the earliest markers for predicting pregnancy outcomes, human chorionic gonadotropin(h CG) values have been inconclusive on reliability of the prediction after frozen and fresh embryo transfer(ET). In this retrospective study, patients with positive h CG(day 12 after transfer) were included to examine the h CG levels and their predictive value for pregnancy outcomes following 214 fresh and 1513 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles. For patients who got clinical pregnancy, the mean initial h CG value was significantly higher after frozen cycles than fresh cycles, and the similar result was demonstrated for patients with live births(LB). The difference in h CG value existed even after adjusting for the potential covariates. The area under curves(AUC) and threshold values calculated by receiver operator characteristic curves were 0.944 and 213.05 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after fresh ET, 0.894 and 399.50 m IU/m L for clinical pregnancy after frozen ET, 0.812 and 222.86 m IU/m L for LB after fresh ET, and 0.808 and 410.80 m IU/mL for LB after frozen ET with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In conclusion, single frozen blastocyst transfer leads to higher initial h CG values than single fresh blastocyst transfer, and the initial h CG level is a reliable predictive factor for predicting IVF outcomes.

补体C3水平对冻融胚胎移植妊娠结局的早期预测价值

目的探讨补体C3对冻融胚胎移植(F-ET)妊娠结局的早期预测价值。方法前瞻性收集378个F-ET周期相关资料,依据补体C3预测F-ET妊娠结局的最佳截断值分为A组(补体C3≤1.05)120个周期;B组(补体C3>1.05)258个周期,比较两组结局。分析B组补体C3预测F-ET自然流产的最佳截断值。结果年龄是F-ET妊娠成功的危险因素(P<0.05);补体C3和胚胎类型是F-ET妊娠成功的保护因素(P<0.05)。补体C3对F-ET妊娠结局的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积为0.702,最佳截断值为1.05 g/L,其预测临床妊娠灵敏度为87.60%、特异度为52.00%。B组临床妊娠率(67.05%)和胚胎着床率(52.75%)明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。补体C3早期预测F-ET后自然流产最佳截断值为1.32 g/L,ROC曲线下面积为0.760,灵敏度为69.00%、特异度为81.20%。结论补体C3对早期预测F-ET妊娠结局有一定的临床意义,当补体C3超过1.32 g/L可能会导致自然流产率升高。

胚胎冷冻保存时间对首次冻融胚胎移植临床结局和出生子代的影响

目的探讨胚胎冷冻保存时间对首次冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局和出生子代的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2022年6月期间在江西省妇幼保健院辅助生殖中心行首次FET的4075例妇女的临床资料。根据胚胎冻存时间分为4组:A组(胚胎冻存≤3个月,n=993)、B组(胚胎冻存4~6个月,n=1757)、C组(胚胎冻存7~12个月,n=880)和D组(胚胎冻存13~24个月,n=445),比较各组患者的一般资料、胚胎移植情况、妊娠结局和新生儿结局,采用多元Logistic回归分析胚胎冻存时间对妊娠结局和新生儿结局的影响。结果4组患者的胚胎冻存时间、女方取卵年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、原发不孕占比等一般资料有显著性差异(P<0.05)。4组患者间获卵数、可利用胚胎数、冷冻年份、内膜准备方案和单胚胎移植率比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),囊胚移植率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4组患者FET后的临床妊娠率、多胎率、流产率等均无显著性差异(P>0.05);A~D组的活产率分别为50.86%、53.27%、49.55%和51.01%,组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。单胎活产婴儿的出生结局比较,4组新生儿的早产率、极早产率、低出生体重率、极低出生体重率、巨大儿率、男女性别比和出生缺陷发生率等均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,胚胎冻存时间对活产率、β-HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率和早产率等均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论胚胎玻璃化冻存2年内,胚胎冻存时间不影响首次FET的活产率,也不增加早产、低出生体重和出生缺陷发生风险。

不同孕激素给药方式对激素替代方案准备内膜冻胚移植后妊娠及分娩结局的影响

目的探讨激素替代方案准备子宫内膜的冷冻胚胎移植(FET)周期中不同孕激素给药方式对妊娠及分娩结局的影响。方法选取接受第1周期冷冻单囊胚移植并使用激素替代方案准备内膜患者3357例,根据孕激素给药方式分为肌内注射黄体酮组(IMP组)749例、口服地屈孕酮联合阴道微粒化黄体酮胶囊组(DYD-VPC组)2249例及口服地屈孕酮联合阴道黄体酮凝胶组(DYD-VPG组)359例。比较三组基本临床特征、孕产期并发症及妊娠分娩结局的差异。结果三组年龄、BMI、不孕年限、未生育、患有原发性不孕症、窦卵泡数、获卵数、FET前子宫内膜厚度、PCOS患者比例、剖宫产史、移植胚胎发育时间等基线资料比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。三组活产率、生化妊娠率、生化妊娠流产率、临床妊娠丢失率等均无统计学差异(P均>0.05);IMP组剖宫产率高于DYD-VPC组和DYD-VPG组(83.42%vs 76.88%vs 73.41%,P<0.05)。三组妊娠期和新生儿并发症如早产、巨大儿、低出生体质量儿、大于胎龄儿、小于胎龄儿、妊娠期高血压疾病和妊娠期糖尿病发生率均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析校正混杂因素后显示,肌内注射黄体酮与剖宫产风险增加相关。结论在激素替代方案准备子宫内膜的冻胚移植周期中,口服地屈孕酮联合阴道用黄体酮的临床妊娠率和活产率与肌内注射黄体酮相同,但剖宫产率降低。

冻融优质单囊胚移植失败后重复周期胚胎移植策略的探讨

目的探讨冻融优质单囊胚移植失败后重复周期的胚胎移植策略。方法回顾性分析2018年7月至2022年10月在我中心进行冻融优质单囊胚移植后重复周期治疗患者的临床资料,共887个周期。根据患者年龄不同分为<35岁组(568个周期)和≥35岁组(319个周期),每组又根据胚胎移植情况分为5个亚组:单优囊组(移植冻融优质单囊胚)、双优囊组(移植冻融优质双囊胚)、优+非优囊组(移植冻融优质+非优质双囊胚)、双非优囊组(移植冻融非优质双囊胚)及双优卵裂组(移植冻融双卵裂胚)。比较各组患者的基础资料及妊娠结局。结果<35岁组中单优囊组、双优囊组、优+非优囊组、双非优囊组及双优卵裂组患者的年龄、基础FSH、移植日内膜厚度等基础资料比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);单优囊组的临床妊娠率显著低于其他4组(60.41%vs.77.08%、72.73%、69.74%、70.83%,P<0.05),活产率亦显著低于其他4组(49.80%vs.68.75%、61.82%、59.21%、61.11%,P<0.05),双优卵裂组的多胎妊娠率显著高于单优囊组(38.24%vs.1.35%,P<0.05),但显著低于双优囊组(67.57%)、优+非优囊组(57.50%)及双非优囊组(56.60%)(P<0.05)。≥35岁组中各亚组的基础资料亦无显著性差异(P>0.05);各亚组间的临床妊娠率、活产率、流产率比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但单优囊组的多胎妊娠率显著低于其他4组(0.00%vs.33.33%、29.17%、20.59%、15.00%,P<0.05)。结论对于接受冻融优质单囊胚移植后行重复周期治疗的不孕患者,冻融胚胎移植策略的选择需要综合权衡。年龄≥35岁的患者,5种胚胎移植策略获得的临床结局相近,可以根据患者实际情况进行选择;而年龄<35岁的患者,在没有条件进行冻融优质单囊胚移植时,也可以考虑冻融优质双卵裂胚移植策略,但其后续多胎妊娠率风险较高,仍需要关注。

催眠训练对冻融胚胎移植患者身心状态的影响研究

目的研究催眠训练对冻融胚胎移植(FET)患者焦虑、抑郁等身心状态的影响,探索心理干预在辅助生殖领域应用的可行性。方法195例FET患者,在周期治疗中各环节点均常规给予健康宣教和心理护理。入组患者移植日术前增加一堂约20 min的催眠训练课。比较所有FET患者催眠训练前后贝克抑郁量表(BDI)、贝克焦虑量表(BAI)评分,BDI分度,BAI分度,脉率,选择负性情绪词汇情况,选择正性情绪词汇情况。结果FET患者BDI评分由催眠训练前的(3.58±4.87)分下降至催眠训练后的(1.03±2.43)分,BAI评分由催眠训练前的(8.02±8.04)分下降至催眠训练后的(2.59±4.41)分(P<0.05)。催眠训练后,BDI分度为0~10分的患者占比97.95%与催眠训练前的91.28%相比较显著升高,11~45分的患者占比2.05%与催眠训练前的8.72%相比显著降低(P<0.05)。FET患者催眠训练后BAI分度为0~10分占比85.13%相较于催眠训练前的44.62%升高,11~20分的占比12.82%较催眠训练前的49.74%下降(P<0.05);催眠训练后21~30分、31~50分的占比也呈下降趋势,但由于样本量少,与催眠训练前相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。FET患者催眠训练后的脉率为(75.5±7.8)次/min较催眠训练前的(79.7±8.1)次/min显著下降,有明显差异(P<0.05)。催眠训练后选择负性情绪词汇人次明显减少,其中担心、紧张、焦虑、紧绷、心慌、烦躁、害怕、泄气、悲伤选择率分别为21.03%、9.23%、2.56%、8.21%、0、4.10%、6.67%、1.54%、0,均低于催眠训练前的76.41%、62.56%、34.87%、28.72%、23.59%、21.03%、17.95%、6.15%、5.13%,有明显差异(P<0.05);由于选择崩溃的人次较少,催眠训练前后数据无明显差异(P>0.05)。所列10个正性词汇中,催眠训练后有放松、平静、舒适、踏实、信心、温暖、安全、愉快选择率80.51%、78.97%、40.51%、36.41%、32.31%、22.05%、12.82%、21.03%,与催眠训练前的13.33%、26.15%、7.69%、6.67%、19.49%、6.67%、5.13%、12.82%比较,有明显差异(P<0.05);兴趣、希望选择率分别为1.54%、30.77%,与与催眠训练前的0、30.26%比较,无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论催眠训练能显著降低FET患者的焦虑抑郁水平,减少患者负性情绪,增加正性情绪,提升患者的身体、心理舒适度和就医感受,具有良好的应用推广价值。

多囊卵巢综合征患者冻融胚胎移植周期妊娠结局的影响因素分析

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期妊娠结局的影响因素。方法回顾性分析882个FET周期PCOS患者的资料,根据患者的妊娠结局分为未着床组(A组)、流产组(B1组)和活产组(B2组)。比较这三组患者的临床资料和实验室指标,并使用有序Logistic回归分析冻融胚胎移植后妊娠结局的影响因素。再按照获取优质囊胚数的百分位数(0~3、4~6、7~10、≥11个)将患者分为C1、C2、C3、C4组,比较不同优质囊胚数组患者的临床资料及实验室相关指标。结果882个PCOS患者移植周期的临床妊娠率71.09%(627/882),活产率61.68%(544/882),流产率13.24%(83/627)。单因素分析显示,在A、B1和B2这三组的比较中,体质量指数(BMI)、不孕类型、注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)日雌二醇(E_(2))水平、获卵数和优质囊胚数之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。对五项差异指标进行进一步多元Logistic回归分析显示,BMI(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.001~1.093,P=0.044)和有既往妊娠史(OR=1.417,95%CI:1.030~1.950,P=0.032)是PCOS患者成功妊娠的独立危险因素。A组与B2组比较:OR=0.920,95%CI:0.880~0.962,P=0.000;B1组与B2组比较:OR=0.923,95%CI:0.862~0.988,P=0.022;而优质囊胚数增多则是妊娠成功的独立保护因素。在优质囊胚数C1-C4这四组之间比较中,与其他三组相比,C4组的促性腺激素(Gn)总量最低,获卵数最多(P<0.05)。C4组的BMI、促卵泡生成素(FSH)和极低密度脂蛋白(vLDL)水平较C1组低,黄体生成素与促卵泡生成素(LH/FSH)比值比C1组高(P<0.05)。C4组与C3组相比,空腹胰岛素(FINS)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)值较低,与C2和C3组相比,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)水平较高(P<0.05)。结论BMI、既往妊娠史和优质囊胚数是预测PCOS患者FET周期妊娠结局的独立因素。优质囊胚数更多的患者在FET周期中具有更高的临床妊娠率。

益气血补肝肾方对胚胎反复种植失败患者冻融胚胎移植周期妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨益气血补肝肾方对胚胎反复种植失败(RIF)患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2023年6月在广州市第一人民医院生殖健康与不孕症专科行FET的120例RIF患者临床资料。患者月经周期规律,年龄25~35岁,按照FET前是否接受益气血补肝肾方治疗分为对照组和研究组,各60例;另选取同时期57例既往无胚胎移植史的FET患者作为正常组。3组均采用激素替代(HRT)方案准备内膜。研究组在准备内膜前先给予益气血补肝肾方3个月经周期(经后增殖方:煎成20 ml,制成颗粒剂10 g,1包/d,早晚分2次服用,月经干净后开始服用至排卵期;促黄体方:煎成20 ml,制成颗粒剂10 g,1包/d,早晚分2次服用,自排卵后开始服用至月经第1~3天停药)。比较3组患者内膜转化日子宫内膜厚度、血流搏动指数(PI)、动脉阻力指数(RI)、胚胎着床率和临床妊娠率。统计学方法采用单因素方差分析和χ^(2)检验。结果正常组和研究组子宫内膜厚度均高于对照组,PI、RI均低于对照组,3组子宫内膜厚度、PI、RI比较[(10.33±2.27)mm比(10.24±1.81)mm比(9.03±1.41)mm、(1.86±0.52)比(1.96±0.21)比(1.97±0.20)、(0.56±0.10)比(0.58±0.90)比(0.62±0.09)],差异均有统计学意义(F=8.40、6.08、6.89,均P<0.05)。正常组和研究组胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率均高于对照组,3组比较差异均有统计学意义[43.9%(43/98)比38.8%(40/103)比25.2%(26/103)、57.9%(33/57)比55.0%(33/60)比35.0%(21/60);χ^(2)=8.18、7.37,均P<0.05]。结论益气血补肝肾方可通过降低子宫内膜血流阻力指数和搏动指数,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高胚胎着床率和临床妊娠率,改善RIF患者FET周期妊娠结局。

黄体酮软胶囊不同给药方案用于激素替代冻融胚胎移植黄体支持的临床结局比较

目的比较黄体酮软胶囊不同给药方案进行激素替代冻融胚胎移植中黄体支持的临床疗效。方法对2019年1月至2021年12月期间在中南大学湘雅医院生殖中心行激素替代冻融胚胎移植的3845例患者临床数据进行回顾性分析,纳入的所有患者黄体支持均采用阴道用黄体酮软胶囊联合口服地屈孕酮治疗,根据阴道用黄体酮软胶囊不同用法将其划分为两组:A组每次使用200 mg,每日3次,共1858个周期;B组每次使用300 mg,每日2次,共1987个周期,评估两组的临床治疗效果。结果两组患者在年龄、不孕年限、体质量指数(BMI)、转化日子宫内膜厚度、转化日雌激素(E_(2))水平、转化日孕激素(P)水平、移植优胚占比等方面比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。A、B两组患者的活产率分别是34.71%(645/1858)和36.39%(723/1987),而移植囊胚的临床妊娠率分别为52.3%(182/348)和55.37%(397/717),两组间比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)阳性率、流产率和异位妊娠率等两组间比较也均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论冻融胚胎移植激素替代周期中,采用两种不同剂量不同频次的阴道用黄体酮软胶囊治疗作为黄体支持,能够达到相似的临床疗效。

多囊卵巢综合征患者多原核合子的发生对冻胚移植结局的影响

目的比较多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)人群多原核(PN)合子的发生率对体外受精(IVF)周期胚胎发育情况及冻融胚胎移植(FET)结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2021年12月于南京医科大学附属妇产医院进行IVF治疗的2665例患者资料。根据不孕原因分为PCOS组(N=1295)和对照组(N=1370),比较两组多PN发生率。在PCOS组中进一步仅纳入全胚冷冻并进行FET的患者,排除失访或未到分娩日期的患者,最终纳入999例PCOS患者,根据受精情况分为三个亚组:2PN组547例,低比例多PN组(多PN率≤20%)414例,高比例多PN组(多PN率>20%)38例,比较三个亚组的临床结局。结果PCOS组多PN率高于对照组(P<0.05)。低比例多PN组基础AMH、获卵数、IVF卵子数高于2PN组(P<0.05),可移植胚胎数、囊胚形成率、优质囊胚数低于2PN组(P<0.05),生化妊娠率和活产率低于2PN组(P<0.05)。高比例多PN组获卵数、IVF卵子数低于低比例多PN组(P<0.05),可移植胚胎数、囊胚形成率、优质囊胚数低于2PN组和低比例多PN组(P<0.05),生化妊娠率和活产率低于2PN组和低比例多PN组(P<0.05)。各组间胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论行FET的PCOS患者多PN发生会降低胚胎质量,影响生化妊娠率和活产率。

HRT-FET周期中雌激素水平与妊娠期高血压发生的关系

目的:探讨替代方案冻胚移植(HRT-FET)周期中患者补充孕激素前的雌激素水平对妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)发生的影响。方法:回顾分析2017年5月至2022年5月于山东大学生殖医学中心经HRT-FET获单胎活产的3506例患者的临床资料。根据E 2水平将患者分成3组:组1(E_(2)≤137pg/mL,≤25%,866例),组2(137pg/mL<E_(2)≤240pg/mL,25.01%~75%,1806例),组3(E_(2)>240pg/mL,>75%,834例)。比较3组患者的妊娠期并发症及新生儿结局。结果:组3患者的HDP发生率明显高于组1(aOR=0.653,95%CI为0.463~0.920,P=0.015)及组2(aOR=0.750,95%CI为0.566~0.994,P=0.045)。各组间妊娠期糖尿病、前置胎盘、产后出血等妊娠期并发症及早产、过期产、SGA(小于胎龄儿)、LGA(大于胎龄儿)等新生儿不良结局发生率无显著差异。结论:替代方案冻胚移植周期中转化内膜前的高雌激素水平是妊娠期高血压疾病发生的独立风险因素。

拮抗剂方案新鲜胚胎移植和冻融胚胎移植临床结局比较

目的 比较拮抗剂方案中行新鲜胚胎移植和冻融胚胎移植的临床结局。方法 回顾性分析2575例患者行拮抗剂方案助孕的临床资料,其中鲜胚移植周期1328例,冻胚移植周期1247例。结果冻胚移植组的血清AMH值、AFC显著高于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余基础资料无统计学差异(P>0.05)。冻胚移植组hCG日FSH低于鲜胚移植组,E2、P高于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冻胚移植组的获卵数、成熟卵子数、优质胚胎数均显著高于鲜胚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冻胚移植组的移植胚胎数显著低于鲜胚移植组,临床妊娠率、着床率、活产率显著高于鲜胚移植组,异位妊娠率、多胎妊娠率显著低于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的中重度OHSS发生率、流产率、妊娠期糖尿病发生率、妊娠期高血压发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冻胚移植组的单胎出生体重显著高于鲜胚移植组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 拮抗剂方案中冻胚移植亦可获得较好的临床结局,可作为一种有效的补充方案。

冻融胚胎移植中舌象和脉象指标与活产结局的相关性研究

目的探讨冻融胚胎移植(FET)患者舌象和脉象指标与活产结局的相关性,及其与患者内分泌指标的关联性。方法本研究于2021年3月8日-2022年1月5日在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院生殖医学中心进行。根据活产结局将FET患者分为活产组和非活产组。分析两组的内分泌指标[基础促卵泡生成素(b FSH)、基础促黄体生成素(b LH)、基础雌二醇(bE_(2))、基础孕酮(bP)、基础子宫内膜厚度、内膜转换日促卵泡生成素(FSH)、内膜转换日促黄体生成素(LH)、内膜转换日雌二醇(E_(2))、内膜转换日孕酮(P)、内膜转换日子宫内膜厚度]与舌象和脉象指标[舌质(TB)-L,TB-a,TB-b,舌苔(TC)-L,TC-a,TC-b,perAll,perPart,h_(1),h_(4),h_(5),t_(1),h_(1)/t_(1),h_(4)/h_(1)]之间的差异,并用Spearman相关系数分析以上变量之间的相关性。采用多元logistic回归分析方法,筛选基于不同数据集的活产预测模型中的影响因素,包括仅由内分泌指标组成的模型1、仅由舌象和脉象指标组成的模型2、由舌象和脉象指标以及内分泌指标组成的模型3,并对不同数据集模型的有效性进行评价。结果研究纳入活产组78例,非活产组144例。与非活产组相比,活产组的TB-L(P=0.01)和TB-a(P=0.04)升高,b FSH(P=0.01)、perAll(P=0.04)和h_(4)/h_(1) P=0.03]降低。Spearman相关分析显示,活产组的TB-L、TB-b、TC-L、TC-b、perAll、perPart、h_(4)、h_(5)、t_(1)、h_(1)/t_(1)与b FSH、bLH、基础子宫内膜厚度、内膜转换日LH、内膜转换日E_(2)、内膜转换日P、内膜转换日子宫内膜厚度的相关性均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,模型3[曲线下面积(AUC):0.917,95%置信区间(CI):0.863-0.971,P<0.001]优于模型1(AUC:0.698,95%CI:0.593-0.803,P=0.001)和模型2(AUC:0.790,95%CI:0.699-0.880,P<0.001)。将舌象和脉象指标与内分泌指标相结合,建立活产结局的回归方程,最终纳入以下指标:内膜转换日FSH[比值比(OR):0.523,P=0.025]、内膜转换日LH(OR:1.277;P=0.029)、TB-L(OR:2.401,P=0.001)、perPart(OR:1.018,P=0.013)、h_(1)(OR:0.065,P=0.021)、t_(1)(OR:4.354,P=0.024)、h_(4)/h_(1)(OR:0.018,P=0.016)。结论在接受FET治疗的不孕症患者中,舌象和脉象指标与内分泌指标之间存在相关性。舌象和脉象指标的加入显著提高了模型对活产结局的预测能力。具体而言,舌象和脉象指标TB-L、PerPart、h_(1)、t_(1)和h_(4)/h_(1)与最终的活产结局有明显的相关性。