Assessment of Usual Fruit, Vegetable and Vitamin C Intakes in a Sample of Egyptian Children: Pilot Study

The objective was to create an Egyptian database on the contributors of fruit and vegetables in the diets of preschool children and to estimate the usual daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and vitamin C. A total of 59 healthy boys and girls aged 2.5 - 6 years attending day care centers in urban Giza governorate completed the study by interviewing their mothers on 6x non-consecutive days using the 24 h dietary recall. Participants were classified according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Prevalence of daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables amounted to 22% and 54%, respectively of the total children. The daily intakes of fruits and vegetables averaged 117.5 and 56.4 g, respectively. The consumption of different types of fruits and vegetables was unevenly distributed by different personal and social variables. Estimated daily vitamin C supply from the diet was 38 mg per child, which satisfied the respective recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 30 mg for the first six years of life. However, the diet of 15% of the children covered less than 75% of RNI. Top fruits contributing to vitamin C were oranges, guava, watermelon, pears and grapes. Extra foods such as chipsy was consumed by 81% of the children, contributed 18% to daily vitamin C supply and also 58.6 mg sodium. A multilevel intervention strategy is warranted for promoting daily fruit and vegetable intake and healthy eating in early childhood.

Changes in fat but not fruit and vegetable intakes linked with body weight change in Mexican women immigrants in Quebec

The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (ΔF), vegetable (ΔV), fruit and vegetable (ΔFV), and fat (ΔFat) intake were assessed according to post-immigration periods (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures were also conducted in 87 Mexicans (study group) and 88 native-born Quebecers (comparison group) aged 18-65 years. Associations were calculated using full and partial robust regression models adjusting for potential confounders (origin, education, income, age, length of residence in Quebec City). Results: There was no difference in ΔBW between the groups. Body weight (BW) increased significantly in both Mexican (5.5 ± 0.9 kg, P < 0.0001) and Quebec women (4.7 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.0001). ΔBW was positively correlated with ΔFat (β = 0.03, P = 0.003), but not correlated with origin, ΔF, or ΔV. ΔBW was negatively associated with education (β = –4.33, P = 0.007) and positively associated with length of residence (β = 0.3, P = 0.003). Partial models indicated ΔF (β = –1.35, P β = –1.04, P = 0.0001), and ΔFV (β = –2.27, P < 0.0001) were associated with origin, whereas net annual household income (β = 0.16, P = 0.04) was positively associated with ΔFat. Conclusions: Change in body weight could be predicted by length of residence, education, and change in fat intake in Mexican immigrant women and native-born Quebecers whereas changes in fruit and vegetable intakes could be predicted by Mexican or Quebec origin.

Scottish Primary School Children Who Consume Greater Levels of Fruit and Vegetables Have Improved Health Markers

Background: There is conflicting information about whether Scottish children follow the UK government recommendation of consuming 5 portions of fruit and vegetable (F & V) a day, or whether increased intake of F & V promotes improved health. Objective: This study aimed to 1) perform a cross-sectional study of the number of F & V portions that primary school children consume in relation to age (4 - 13 years old) and sex, 2) establish the relationship between F & V intake and health parameters. Methods: Data were collected from 466 children using a specific F & V intake questionnaire. Health parameters (weight, height, blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference and lung function) were measured from all of the children. Results: Children consumed on average a total of 4.50 (SD 1.86) portions of F & V per day. F & V intake was not significantly different between girls and boys (t(464) = -0.397, P = 0.69). Children had greater intake of F&V on week day compared to weekend day (t(465) = 6.42, P ≤ 0.001). 42.2% children achieved the recommended F & V intake of five or more portions per day. After adjusting for age, sex and school, children who consumed more F & V had several markers of positive health including greater height, and parameters reflecting pulmonary function (FEV1 and FVC) were improved, while body weight, body fat, systolic blood pressure, pulse, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip and waist to height ratio were all reduced. Conclusion: The recommended level of F & V or more can promote health among primary age children.

Determinants of Fruit and Vegetables Intake among Secondary School Pupils in the City of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): A Cross-Sectional Study

According to WHO, eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day at an early age is protective against cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine among secondary school pupils in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso, the level of observation of this recommendation and the associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April 2016, among secondary school pupils in 1st Form, 4th Form and 7th Form of public and private secondary schools. The diet survey methods were the recalling of the last 24 hours associated with intake frequency questionnaire. An intake of less than one fruit (or a slice of a big fruit) per day and for vegetables, less than one portion of raw or cooked vegetables per day was considered insufficient. Results: A total of 1993 pupils were surveyed. The mean age was 17.5 ± 3.6 years and the sex ratio 0.7;75.4% and 90.0% of pupils had insufficient daily intake of fruit and vegetables respectively. The determinants of this consumption deficiency were: Sex (male, OR = 1.7 (1.3 - 2.2)), secondary school (public, OR = 1.6 (1.3 - 2.0)), class (4th Form, OR = 2.5 (1.5 - 4.2)/7th Form, OR = 3.7 (2.7 - 5.1)), the mother (thin build, OR = 3.2 (2.0 - 5.3)/overweight/obesity, OR = 2.8 (1.6 - 4.7)) and physical inactivity (OR = 1.5 (1.2 - 2.0)). Conclusion: The promotion of a healthy diet among secondary school pupils should take into account the type of school, sex, educational level, physical activity and mothers’ influence.

Factors Associated with Students’ Daily Fruit and Vegetable Recommendation at Umm Al-Qura University

Introduction: There is a lack of the awareness in the fruit and vegetable (F & V) recommendation among Saudi society. Although the known facts of the benefits of F & V on health, information on Saudi society following the advised recommendation whether by WHO or local are still unknown. Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to examine the perception of F & V intake among students at Umm Al-Qura University and to assess if they follow these recommendations of F & V locally and internationally. Method: Students from Umm Al-Qura University participated in this study (n = 98, age between 18 - 55). All data were collected using short online survey via Online survey—Survey Monkey in 2019. Result: 55% students were not aware of these recommendations whereas 45% were aware of WHO recommendation. The majority of students 53% have less than two portions a day of F & V. Only 14% have between two to four portions a day. 32% do not eat any portion of F & V daily. 59%, 14%, 5% of students believe that they should have five, seven, more than seven portions a day for being healthy respectively. Maintaining health, reducing the risk for chronic disease and providing essential vitamins and minerals to the body were all reasons why students believe that they should have F & V everyday by 71%. Busy lifestyle, F & V cost, lack of the awareness about the health benefits, dislike of the taste, some F & V spoiled easily were all factors affecting eating F & V daily. Conclusion: University students need educational and nutritional campaigns to spread the awareness about the health benefits of F & V. Most importantly the ministry of health should support those campaigns to increase students’ awareness and build a healthy society with a good habit.

Dietary Intakes by Different Markers of Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study

Previous studies show that diet quality varies by socioeconomic gradient. We compared the influence of individual- and area-level socioeconomic characteristics on food choice behavior and dietary nutrient intakes in a cross-sectional survey. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participants comprised 4007 people (1915 men, 2092 women) aged 35 to 74 years. Socioeconomic measures included the area-based deprivation NZDep2001, gross household income, education level and the occupation-based New Zealand Socioeconomic Index (NZSEI96). Results: Nutrients expressed as their percentage contribution to total energy intakes and adjusted for age, gender and ethnicity, showed that intakes of cholesterol were higher in the lower income groups, and fibre, alcohol and calcium were lower compared to the highest income group. Similarly adjusted nutrients expressed as their contribution to total energy intakes showed lower alcohol intakes in the lower NZDep2001 classes compared to the highest NZDep2001 class. Lower fruit, cheese, wine, and spirit servings were found in both the lower income and NZDep2001 groups. Lower vegetables, milk and cereal servings were found in the lowest income group compared with the highest. Higher chicken, eggs and bread servings were found in the lowest NZDep2001 group compared to the highest NZDep2001 group. Few statistically significant associations were observed with the NZSEI96 or education. Conclusion: Income was more strongly associated with nutrient intakes and NZDep2001 with food group selections. Lower fruit, cheese, wine and spirit servings in the lower SES strata showed independent associations with income and NZDep2001. However, NZDep2001 and income appear to be measuring different elements of dietary intakes and food group servings, with income being associated with lower vegetable, milk and cereal servings, and increased dietary cholesterol and lower fibre, and calcium intakes and NZDep2001 with increased chicken, eggs and bread servings. More in depth, research into area-level determinants of diet is warranted.

果蔬中氯吡脲残留的膳食摄入风险评估

【目的】明确中国居民氯吡脲的膳食摄入风险和现有的氯吡脲最大残留限量(MRL)标准对消费者健康的保护水平。【方法】基于规范残留试验和市场残留监测的农药残留国家估计每日摄入量和国家估计短期摄入量评估方法;基于现有MRL标准的理论最大每日摄入量和理论最大短期摄入量评估方法。【结果】采用规范残留试验数据的评估结果表明,中国各类人群氯吡脲的国家估计每日摄入量在0.117—0.318μg·kg-1bw·d-1,只占每日允许摄入量(ADI)的0.17%—0.45%;国家估计短期摄入量在0.06—1.33μg·kg-1bw·d-1,只占急性参考剂量(ARfD)的0.01%—0.13%。采用市场监测数据的评估结果表明,各类人群国家估计每日摄入量在0.022—0.061μg·kg-1bw·d-1,仅占ADI的0.03%—0.09%;国家估计短期摄入量在0.20—0.83μg·kg-1bw·d-1,只占ARfD的0.02%—0.08%。各类人群的氯吡脲理论最大每日摄入量为0.51—1.38μg·kg-1bw·d-1,理论最大短期摄入量为0.64—23.25μg·kg-1bw·d-1。现有的氯吡脲MRL标准对消费者慢性膳食风险的保护水平为51—138倍,急性膳食风险的保护水平为43—1 564倍。【结论】中国各类人群氯吡脲残留的膳食摄入风险非常低,现有的氯吡脲MRL标准对消费者具有较高的保护水平。

两省青少年水果蔬菜摄入知识、态度和行为调查

目的 了解中国青少年的水果和蔬菜摄入相关知识、态度和行为,为制定健康饮食行为干预措施提供科学依据.方法 在中国辽宁省和贵州省城乡选取18所中小学,每所学校随机抽取小学4～6年级、初一至高三各1～2个班,共2 638 名学生为调查对象.采用自填式问卷对学生进行水果蔬菜摄入相关知识、态度和摄入频度的调查.结果 水果和蔬菜推荐摄入量回答正确率分别为31.9%和33.3%;70.0%和66.0%的青少年对水果摄入和吃蔬菜持积极态度;40.4%青少年每天至少吃1次水果;58.1%的学生每天至少吃1次炒熟的蔬菜.结论 大部分青少年对吃水果和蔬菜的态度积极,但缺乏足够的摄入量知识,果蔬摄入量达不到推荐标准,应当积极开展儿童健康饮食促进活动.

8周网络健康学习项目对大学生两种健康行为的干预效应

目的:基于健康行为过程理论(health action process approach,HAPA),运用一项8周网络健康学习项目对大学生的身体活动和果蔬摄入行为进行干预,考察该网络学习项目的干预效果。方法:从华中地区某高校招募493名大学生,随机分为干预组(前4周接受身体活动的干预内容,后4周接受果蔬摄入行为的干预内容)和对照组(不接受任何干预)。被试按要求分别在干预开始时(T1,n=493)、8周干预结束时(T2,n=337,耗损率为31.6%)和干预结束1个月后(T3,n=142,耗损率为57.9%),填写3次网络调查问卷。问卷内容包括:人口统计学变量、身体活动量、果蔬摄入量,以及身体活动行为和果蔬摄入行为的各个社会心理学指标(意向、自我效能、计划和社会支持)。结果:通过8周网络健康学习,干预组被试在果蔬摄入量上显著高于对照组(F=12.01,P<0.01,η2=0.08),而在身体活动量上与对照组没有显著性差异(F=0.27,P=0.76,η2=0.00)。同时,该网络干预项目能够有效改善与身体活动及果蔬摄入行为有关的社会心理学指标,包括意向(F果蔬摄入行为=7.81,P<0.01,η2=0.05)、自我效能(F身体活动=9.69,P<0.01,η2=0.07;F果蔬摄入行为=8.07,P<0.01,η2=0.06)、计划(F身体活动=6.27,P<0.01,η2=0.04;F果蔬摄入行为=10.49,P<0.01,η2=0.07)和社会支持(F身体活动=5.83,P<0.01,η2=0.04;F果蔬摄入行为=3.67,P=0.03,η2=0.03)。结论:健康行为网络干预在中国大学生群体中具有一定的有效性。

中国15省儿童青少年蔬菜和水果摄入状况

目的了解中国15省6~17岁儿童青少年蔬菜水果摄入情况和影响因素。方法采用2015年中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究资料,选取有完整连续3 d 24 h膳食调查数据6~17岁的2035名儿童青少年为研究对象。应用Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验和χ~2检验分析不同特征的儿童青少年蔬菜水果的摄入量和消费率;应用多因素Logistic回归模型分析蔬菜摄入和水果消费情况的影响因素。结果6~、11~和14~岁儿童青少年蔬菜摄入量≥推荐量分别占12.1%、1.9%、19.7%。蔬菜的消费率为99.7%,水果的消费率为40.1%。南方(OR=2.682,95%CI:1.849~3.891)和14~岁(OR=1.893,95%CI:1.383~2.592)的儿童青少年蔬菜摄入量较高。南方(OR=0.716,95%CI:0.592~0.867)、农村(OR=0.563,95%CI:0.464~0.683)和低人均家庭收入的儿童青少年水果消费率较低。结论我国6~17岁儿童青少年的蔬菜水果摄入量不足。年龄和南北方是儿童青少年蔬菜摄入达到推荐量的影响因素。南北方,城乡和人均家庭收入是儿童青少年水果消费的影响因素。应采取健康教育健康促进等干预措施,提高蔬菜和水果消费。

肺癌与吸烟、二手烟及其他因素的相关分析

目的:从吸烟、二手烟及蔬菜水果摄入量等多方面来综合分析各种因素与肺癌之间的相关联系。方法:在徐州及其周边地区选取248例肺癌患者,200例正常对照,使用SPSS软件进行统计分析,运用卡方检验、logistic回归性分析进行对比,综合比较两组人在吸烟、二手烟暴露情况以及蔬菜水果摄入量等多方面因素的差异。结果:吸烟者肺癌138例(55.6%),高于没有患肺癌的人58例(29.0%)(P<0.05)。肺癌患者中,封闭二手烟环境106例(42.7%),远高于没有患肺癌的人36例(18.0%)(P<0.05)。肺癌患者中有10.1%蔬菜摄入量达不到一天一餐。而在肺癌患者里每日水果摄入量为0份的高达71.8%,而在没有患肺癌的人里这个比例只有9.5%。也就是说没有患肺癌的人里有90.5%至少一天摄入1份水果,这个比例远高于患肺癌的人(P<0.05)。结论:吸烟、二手烟暴露以及每日蔬菜水果摄入量与肺癌的发生密切相关。

瑶族2型糖尿病与果蔬摄入的相关性分析

目的:探讨广西壮族自治区瑶族2型糖尿病(T2DM)与果蔬摄入的关系。方法:2017年1月—2017年3月采用随机分层整群抽样方法选取广西壮族自治区南宁市、贺州市和周边4个村屯瑶族群众1955人作为研究对象,进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化检查。根据T2DM诊断标准,将研究对象分为正常组和糖尿病组。采用两分类Logistic回归模型分析T2DM与果蔬摄入的相关性。结果:有效调查1955人,其中正常组1647人,糖尿病组308例。单因素分析结果显示,糖尿病组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,水果摄入一般[OR=0.037,95%CI(0.025,0.055)]、水果摄入较多[OR=0.018,95%CI(0.011,0.030)];蔬菜摄入一般[OR=0.093,95%CI(0.062,0.141)]、蔬菜摄入较多[OR=0.006,95%CI(0.003,0.014)]是糖尿病的保护因素。结论:果蔬摄入是瑶族T2DM病人的保护因素,增加果蔬摄入对瑶族T2DM的防治有一定的意义。

Nutritional disorder

930462 Studies on the rare earths content infood and its daily intake in man.SU Dezhao (苏德昭),et al.lnstit Food Safe Contr &.Inspect,Public Health Ministr,Beijing,100021.Chin JPrev Med 1993;27(1):6—8.The rare earths contents of major food in Chi-na,which are distributed over 17 provinces andcities were examined by three—wavelength spec-trophotometry.The rare earths contents werenamed as follows:0.41±0.35mg/kg in grain,0.23±0.18mg/kg in vegetables,0.19±0.11mg/kgin fruits,0.83±0.73mg/kg in beans,0.66±0.50mg/kg in potato,1.76±0.23mg/kg in tea,0.07±0.05mg/kg in meat,domestic fowls

2018年中国老年居民蔬菜和水果摄入状况及影响因素研究

目的 了解中国≥60岁居民蔬菜和水果摄入现况及影响因素,为老年人均衡营养膳食的宣传教育提供参考。方法 数据来源于2018年中国慢性病及危险因素监测,在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的298个县(区),采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取≥18岁常住居民194 749人。问卷收集人口统计学等信息,采用食物频率表采集调查对象过去12个月内新鲜蔬菜和水果摄入频次和摄入量等信息,该研究将其中完成调查的≥60岁且蔬菜和水果摄入相关信息完整的69 246人作为研究对象。采用SAS 9.4软件进行基于复杂抽样的方差分析、logistic回归、Rao-Scottχ^(2)检验,并采用多因素logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果 2018年中国≥60岁居民蔬菜摄入量为361.5 g/d(95%CI:351.1~371.9 g/d),水果摄入量为74.8 g/d(95%CI:69.0~80.6 g/d);蔬菜摄入量未达推荐量的比例为41.0%(95%CI:39.0%~43.0%),水果摄入量未达推荐量的比例为87.0%(95%CI:85.6%~88.5%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性蔬菜和水果摄入量未达到推荐量的可能性高于男性(OR值分别为0.94和0.59)。高年龄组(与60~64岁组相比,≥80岁组的OR=1.58)、农村(OR=1.37)、未婚或独居(OR=1.15)、教育程度低(与高中及以上组相比,文盲或半文盲组的OR=1.59)和人均年收入低(5 000~元组的OR=1.28)、主食类摄入低于推荐量(OR=1.26)人群的蔬菜摄入量未达推荐量的可能性更高,而红肉摄入过多人群(OR=0.65)蔬菜摄入量未达推荐量的可能性较低。与60~64岁组相比,65~69岁组水果摄入量未达推荐量的可能性低(OR=0.91);农村(OR=1.78)、教育程度低(与高中及以上组相比,文盲或半文盲组的OR=3.82)、人均年收入低(与≥24 000元组相比,<5 000元组的OR=1.69)和已诊断为糖尿病(OR=1.38)和慢性消化系统疾病(OR=1.20)人群的水果摄入未达推荐量的可能性更高,而红肉摄入过多(OR=0.66)和超重(OR=0.84)、肥胖(OR=0.71)人群的水果摄入量未达推荐量的可能性较低,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 中国老年居民日均蔬菜摄入量已达到膳食指南推荐标准,但水果摄入量仍处于较低水平,需要重点关注男性、农村地区、未婚或独居、教育程度低、人均年收入低以及患糖尿病的老年居民的蔬菜和水果摄入状况。应加强老年居民均衡膳食等健康知识的普及,促进合理膳食与营养改善。

中国成人自报结直肠癌患者生活方式研究

目的 分析中国成人结直肠癌患者生活方式,为结直肠癌防控提供依据。方法 数据来源于2015年中国慢性病和危险因素监测,在31个省级行政区的298个县(区)中进行多阶段整群随机抽样和现场调查数据库。本研究通过SAS统计学软件进行数据处理、描述和分析,采用描述性分析、χ^(2)检验、多因素非条件logistic回归模型进行统计分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 共获得108 665份癌症自报有效问卷,其中自报结直肠癌患者118例,男性65例,女性53例,自报率分别为128.45/10万和91.28/10万。45岁及以上、城市、无配偶等人群中结直肠癌自报率较高(均P<0.05)。调整性别、年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况、家庭年收入等混杂因素后,多因素logistic分析结果显示,蔬菜摄入充足(OR=0.758,95%CI:0.748~0.767)、水果摄入充足(OR=0.391,95%CI:0.388~0.395)是结直肠癌患病的保护因素(均P<0.05);吸烟(OR=3.707,95%CI:3.672~3.742)、饮酒(OR=1.198,95%CI:1.189~1.206)是结直肠癌患病的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 蔬菜、水果摄入是结直肠癌患病的保护因素,吸烟、饮酒是结直肠癌患病的危险因素,建议居民健康饮食,保证蔬菜、水果的充足摄入,改变吸烟、饮酒等不良生活习惯,以降低结直肠癌的患病风险。

蔬菜和水果摄入与心脑血管疾病关系的研究进展

心脑血管疾病(心血管病)已成为影响我国居民健康的重要公共卫生问题,蔬菜和水果摄入不足是包括心血管病在内的主要慢性病发生、发展的重要危险因素。合理摄入且摄入不同种类的蔬菜和水果对心血管病的防治有积极的意义。本文就近年来国内外针对蔬菜和水果摄入量、种类及加工方式与心血管病的发生、发展和死亡之间的关系,及其可能机制的研究进展进行综述,为推广合理膳食,促进居民形成营养均衡的膳食习惯,完善我国一般和高危人群心血管病预防及心血管病患者管理的策略和措施提供进一步的支持。

2型糖尿病患者水果和蔬菜摄入量与全死因及心脑血管死亡关系

目的了解2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者水果和蔬菜摄入量与全死因死亡及心脑血管死亡的关系,为延长糖尿病患者的生存寿命提供参考依据。方法于2013年1月采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法在江苏省淮安市抽取纳入基本公共卫生服务慢性病患者健康管理的10086例T2DM患者进行标准化半定量食物频度问卷(FFQ)调查,随后于2021年12月与死因监测平台进行匹配,追踪截至2021年12月31日的死亡结局,最终纳入水果和蔬菜摄入量数据完整的4977例T2DM患者进行水果和蔬菜摄入量与全死因死亡及心脑血管死亡关系的单因素和多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析。结果截至2021年12月31日,4977例T2DM患者中死亡617例,其中心脑血管死亡238例;水果和蔬菜总摄入量<200、200~249、250~349和≥350 g/d时,全死因死亡比例分别为14.37%、11.57%、11.29%和11.55%,心脑血管死亡比例分别为5.79%、5.04%、3.71%和4.05%;在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭年均收入、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、糖尿病病程、体质指数、是否高血压、是否血脂异常、是否冠心病和是否脑卒中等混杂因素后,多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,总水果和蔬菜摄入量为250~349 g/d T2DM患者的心脑血管死亡风险为总水果和蔬菜摄入量<200 g/d T2DM患者的0.67倍(HR=0.67,95%CI=0.47~0.95)。结论适当摄入水果和蔬菜可以降低T2DM患者心脑血管死亡风险,对降低T2DM患者死亡风险具有一定意义。

中国四地区成人蔬菜和水果中杨梅黄酮、槲皮素、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基和玉米黄酮摄入量的比较（英文）

目的 评价中国成人每天从蔬菜和水果中摄入的类黄酮,为计算中国成人的膳食类黄酮摄入量提供流行病学基础。方法 来自辽宁、北京、江苏和广东的932名16~34的男性参与了本次的横断面研究,时间从2006年4-10月。采用称重法计算来自蔬菜和水果的类黄酮摄入量。结果 在年轻男性中每日总类黄酮摄入量为（mg/d）71.55±21.15。杨梅黄酮、槲皮素、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基和玉米黄酮的日平均摄入量（mg/d）分别为（46.43±16.44）、（15.09±4.84）、（4.85±0.79）、（3.23±0.68）和（1.94±0.68）。平均总的类黄醇（杨梅黄酮、槲皮素和坎二菲醇）和黄酮（芹菜培基和玉米黄酮）摄入量（mg/d）分别为66.37±21.55和5.17±1.35。类黄酮最丰富的来源包括蔬菜中的土豆、卷心菜和白萝卜,水果中的苹果和香蕉。辽宁男性每日从蔬菜中摄入的玉米黄酮显著高于江苏和广东,江苏男性每日摄入的玉米黄酮显著低于辽宁和北京。广东男性每日摄入的杨梅黄酮高于辽宁男性。广东男性的槲皮素摄入量显著高于辽宁和江苏,且广东男性从蔬菜中摄入的槲皮素在四个地区中最高。广东男性类黄酮摄入量高于辽宁。结论 不同地区间类黄酮摄入量存在显著的不同。杨梅黄酮是类黄酮摄入的主要贡献者。

我国常见蔬菜和水果中花色素含量

目的测定我国常见蔬菜和水果中花色素的含量。方法收集我国广州、天津、重庆和武汉四个地区的常见蔬菜和水果样本,采用高效液相色谱的方法分析和定量了飞燕草素、矢车菊素和芍药素三种花色素。结果蔬菜样本中紫包菜和紫苏中三种花色素含量最高;水果样本中桑椹和杨梅花色素含量最高。结论不同产地和品种的蔬菜和水果中花色素含量有很大差别,蔬菜中花色素以矢车菊素和飞燕草素为主,水果中花色素以矢车菊素为主。

广州市城区居民蔬菜水果消费现状

目的了解广州市城区居民蔬菜水果消费现状,为开展科学高效的营养教育和营养干预工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层与人口成比例整群随机抽样的方法,于2011年1月—2012年4月选取天河区160户家庭的503人进行连续3 d24 h膳食调查,对108户328人进行食物频率法问卷调查。结果广州市城区居民平均每标准人日蔬菜摄入量为384.4 g(深色蔬菜为172.4 g,浅色蔬菜为212.0 g),符合膳食指南推荐量要求,但深色蔬菜摄入量不及蔬菜摄入总量的1/2。平均每标准人日水果摄入量为86.2 g,远不足指南推荐量;84.5%的居民摄入量低于推荐摄入量。82.0%的居民每天摄入蔬菜,以叶类蔬菜居多;36.9%的居民每天摄入水果,以仁果类和柑橘类为主;大多居民水果消费频次少于1次/周。秩和检验显示,不同年龄居民蔬菜摄入量差异有统计学意义(≥60岁最高,1~6岁最低)(χ~2=39.293,P<0.01);低收入家庭深色蔬菜摄入量显著低于其他收入家庭(χ~2=18.000,P<0.01);水果摄入量随家庭收入升高而增加(χ~2=6.475,P<0.05),女性水果摄入量显著高于男性(Mann-Whitney U=27 336.0,P<0.05)。结论当前广州市城区居民蔬菜摄入结构不合理,水果摄入严重不足。在开展营养教育和营养干预时需考虑性别、年龄和家庭收入的影响,进而有效促进合理膳食。