Roots and rhizosphere soils of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. mangium Wild., Artocarpus heterophyUus Lamk. C., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex A. P. D., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Hevea brasiliensis （Wi...Roots and rhizosphere soils of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. mangium Wild., Artocarpus heterophyUus Lamk. C., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex A. P. D., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Hevea brasiliensis （Wild. ex Juss） Muell. Arg., Swietenia macrophylla King. and Tectona grandis L. were collected from different locations of Madhupur forest area to study the biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal colonization and spore population. All the plants showed AM colonization. Out of eight selected plants, mycelial colonization was lowest in the roots of A. heterophyllus （22%） and the highest was in the roots of H. brasiliensis （78%）. Mycelial intensity was observed poor （25%-77%） and moderate （23%-57%） in all plants species and abundant （11%-40%） was in most of the plant species. Vesicular colonization was observed in five plant species. The lowest was recorded in E. camaldulensis （4%） and the highest was in H. brasiliensis （21%）. Poor （24%-56%）, moderate （16%-100%） and abundant （11%-40%） type of vesicular intensity were observed. Arbuscular colonization was observed in three plants. The highest was in A. mangium （72%） and the lowest was in S. macrophylla （17%）. Arbuscular intensity was recorded as poor （12%-44%）, moderate （22%-100%） and abundant （4%-47%）. The highest AM fungal spore population was in A. auriculiformis （714） and the lowest was in D. sissoo （102）. Five AM fungal genera were recorded. Glomus was found to be dominant. A few spores remained unidentified. Significant correlation was observed between percent coloniza- tion and spore population. The results of the present study indicate the occurrence of AM fungi and the mycotrophism of the plants of Madhupur forest area and the applicability of AM technology in the forest management of Madhupur forest.展开更多
Hevea brasiliensis is one of the important economic trees with a great economic value for natural rubber production.Symbiosis between roots of H.brasiliensis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is widely recognized,a...Hevea brasiliensis is one of the important economic trees with a great economic value for natural rubber production.Symbiosis between roots of H.brasiliensis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is widely recognized,and can provide a range of benefits for both of them.Hainan Island harbors is one of the largest plantations of H.brasiliensis in China,whereas the information regarding the diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of H.brasiliensis on this island is scarce.The diversity of AMF species in the rhizosphere of rubber tree plantations in Hainan was investigated in this study.A total of 72 soil samples from the rhizosphere of H.brasiliensis RY7-33-97 were collected.These included 48 samples from plantations in 11 cities or counties that had been planted for 15–25 years,and 24 samples from a demonstrating plantation site of the China National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository representing plantations with tree plantation ages from one to 40 year-old.Collectively,a total of 68 morphotypes of AMF,belonging to the genera of Archaeospora(1),Glomus(43),Acaulospora(18),Entrophospora(3),Scutellospora(2),and Gigaspora(1)were isolated and identified,as per morphological characteristics of spores presented in the collected soil samples.Glomus(Frequency,F=100%)and Acaulospora(F=100%)were the predominant genera,and A.mellea(F=63.9%)and A.scrobiculata(F=63.9%)were the predominant species.AMF species differed significantly among collected sites in spore density(SD,290.7–2,186.7 spores per 100 g dry soil),species richness(SR,4.3–12.3),and Shannon-Weiner index of diversity(H,1.24–2.24).SD was negatively correlated with available phosphorus level in the soil;SR was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus content;and H was positively correlated with levels of soil organic matter and total phosphorus.Similarly,SD,SR,and H were also correlated with H.brasiliensis plantation age,and an increasing trend was observed up to 40 years.These results suggest that the AMF community was complex and ubiquitous in the island plantation ecosystems of H.brasiliensis,with high species abundance and diversity.Soil factors and plantation age dramatically affected AMF diversity at species level.展开更多
We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia.We quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in s...We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia.We quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica Hochst.ex Benth.,Cordia africana Lam.,Dovyalis abyssinica(A.Rich.)Warb.,H agenia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.,Juniperus procera Hochst.ex Endl.,Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker,Olea europaea L.subsp.c uspidata(Wall.ex G.Don)Cif.,Podocarpus falcatus(Thunb.)R.Br.ex Mirb.and Prunus africana(Hook.f.)Kalkman.We used the ink and vinegar method to stain AMF in roots.RC levels ranged from 8.00 to 99.67%and were generally higher than the RC levels reported from other similar nurseries in Ethiopia.SA levels ranged from 1 to 25 spores g~(-1)and werecomparable with some reports from the field in Ethiopia but they were lower than levels reported by another similar study.RC was more affected by host species than nursery location,while the reverse was true for SA.The results also showed that nursery management could improve AMF status among seedlings.When all nursery tree species were considered,RC and SA levels were unrelated.No strong correlation existed between the nursery management variables considered and RC or SA.However,considering C.africana,J.procera and P.falcatus separately,RC-age(r_(s)=0.829,P=0.042)correlation for O.europaea and RC-pot diameter(r_(s)=0.820,P=0.046),RC-pot volume(r_(s)=0.928,P=0.008)and SA-age(r_(s)=0.943,P=0.005)correlations for C.africana,were significant,strong and positive.Generally,most of the tree species and particularly,early-mid successional tree species had sufficient AMF inoculum.Hence,only the mid-late successional tree species;J.procera,P.falcatus,and P.africana may require AMF inoculation,preferably,during filed planting.Based on our results,age and pot volume were identified to be important variables potentially affecting RC and SA.To better understand the effects of these and other nursery management variables,additional study is required.We demonstrated for the first time that black Hero ink is suitable for staining root AMF and can be used in future AMF research.展开更多
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling growth across the rain forest-pasture edge has not received much attention. In a tropical rain forest in eastern Mexico, the seedlings of light demanding (Ficus i...The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling growth across the rain forest-pasture edge has not received much attention. In a tropical rain forest in eastern Mexico, the seedlings of light demanding (Ficus insipida), nonsecondary light demanding (Lonchocarpus cruentus) and shade tolerant species (Nectandra ambigens, Coccoloba hondurensis) were grown and transplanted to a forest edge with three inoculation treatments (AM fungus spores and colonized roots, spores, and no inoculum). For all species, stem height, stem diameter, total dry weight, leaf area and net assimilation rate were higher in the pasture. Stem height, stem diameter and root/shoot were higher for L. cruentus, and leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and net assimilation rate were higher for F. insipida;the lowest values of almost all variables were recorded for N. ambigens. L. cruentus and C. hondurensis with mycorrhizae had the highest values for root/shoot and net assimilation rate, respectively. The lowest values of root/shoot and net assimilation rate were observed for nonlight-demanding species in the forest. There were clear trade-offs for the pioneer species between survival and growth, and in underground biomass allocation and assimilation for nonsecondary light demanding, but there was not for the shade-tolerant species.展开更多
The intra- or inter-species genetic diversity of 11 strain AMF from five host trees were studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). The genetic diversity among AMF species from different host plants were more ...The intra- or inter-species genetic diversity of 11 strain AMF from five host trees were studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). The genetic diversity among AMF species from different host plants were more abundant than from same host plants. The results showed that the genetic diversity is related to AMF species and host plants, whereas the efficacy of AMF species is higher than that of host plants; the same species AMF having same origination, there were different morphology and genetic divisions because of the choice of hosts and the menace of environment, which leaded to form different affinity between AMF and trees.展开更多
从昆明学院种植基地随机采集黄瓜根系及根际土壤样品,采用巢式PCR技术分别扩增菌根及土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)部分18S r RNA基因区域,利用该产物构建AMF克隆文库,并结合ARDRA筛选、DNA测序和系统发育树分析对黄瓜AMF菌群组成进行研究。结...从昆明学院种植基地随机采集黄瓜根系及根际土壤样品,采用巢式PCR技术分别扩增菌根及土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)部分18S r RNA基因区域,利用该产物构建AMF克隆文库,并结合ARDRA筛选、DNA测序和系统发育树分析对黄瓜AMF菌群组成进行研究。结果表明:根际土壤检测到7种AMF:摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(G.intraradices)、地表球囊霉(G.versiforme)以及其他4种未知的Glomus属类型,而根系除发现了G.mosseae、G.intraradices和G.versiforme外,仅检测到了其他2种未知Glomus属种类。展开更多
文摘Roots and rhizosphere soils of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. mangium Wild., Artocarpus heterophyUus Lamk. C., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex A. P. D., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Hevea brasiliensis （Wild. ex Juss） Muell. Arg., Swietenia macrophylla King. and Tectona grandis L. were collected from different locations of Madhupur forest area to study the biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal colonization and spore population. All the plants showed AM colonization. Out of eight selected plants, mycelial colonization was lowest in the roots of A. heterophyllus （22%） and the highest was in the roots of H. brasiliensis （78%）. Mycelial intensity was observed poor （25%-77%） and moderate （23%-57%） in all plants species and abundant （11%-40%） was in most of the plant species. Vesicular colonization was observed in five plant species. The lowest was recorded in E. camaldulensis （4%） and the highest was in H. brasiliensis （21%）. Poor （24%-56%）, moderate （16%-100%） and abundant （11%-40%） type of vesicular intensity were observed. Arbuscular colonization was observed in three plants. The highest was in A. mangium （72%） and the lowest was in S. macrophylla （17%）. Arbuscular intensity was recorded as poor （12%-44%）, moderate （22%-100%） and abundant （4%-47%）. The highest AM fungal spore population was in A. auriculiformis （714） and the lowest was in D. sissoo （102）. Five AM fungal genera were recorded. Glomus was found to be dominant. A few spores remained unidentified. Significant correlation was observed between percent coloniza- tion and spore population. The results of the present study indicate the occurrence of AM fungi and the mycotrophism of the plants of Madhupur forest area and the applicability of AM technology in the forest management of Madhupur forest.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960616)the Construction of Modern Agriculture(tea)Industry Technology System(CARS-19)(China)+2 种基金the Key Agricultural Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province([2016]2570)(China)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(2013[2155])(China)the High-value Patent Cultivation Project of Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences([2018]02)(China).
文摘Hevea brasiliensis is one of the important economic trees with a great economic value for natural rubber production.Symbiosis between roots of H.brasiliensis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is widely recognized,and can provide a range of benefits for both of them.Hainan Island harbors is one of the largest plantations of H.brasiliensis in China,whereas the information regarding the diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of H.brasiliensis on this island is scarce.The diversity of AMF species in the rhizosphere of rubber tree plantations in Hainan was investigated in this study.A total of 72 soil samples from the rhizosphere of H.brasiliensis RY7-33-97 were collected.These included 48 samples from plantations in 11 cities or counties that had been planted for 15–25 years,and 24 samples from a demonstrating plantation site of the China National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository representing plantations with tree plantation ages from one to 40 year-old.Collectively,a total of 68 morphotypes of AMF,belonging to the genera of Archaeospora(1),Glomus(43),Acaulospora(18),Entrophospora(3),Scutellospora(2),and Gigaspora(1)were isolated and identified,as per morphological characteristics of spores presented in the collected soil samples.Glomus(Frequency,F=100%)and Acaulospora(F=100%)were the predominant genera,and A.mellea(F=63.9%)and A.scrobiculata(F=63.9%)were the predominant species.AMF species differed significantly among collected sites in spore density(SD,290.7–2,186.7 spores per 100 g dry soil),species richness(SR,4.3–12.3),and Shannon-Weiner index of diversity(H,1.24–2.24).SD was negatively correlated with available phosphorus level in the soil;SR was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus content;and H was positively correlated with levels of soil organic matter and total phosphorus.Similarly,SD,SR,and H were also correlated with H.brasiliensis plantation age,and an increasing trend was observed up to 40 years.These results suggest that the AMF community was complex and ubiquitous in the island plantation ecosystems of H.brasiliensis,with high species abundance and diversity.Soil factors and plantation age dramatically affected AMF diversity at species level.
文摘We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia.We quantified AMF root colonization(RC)and spore abundance(SA)in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica Hochst.ex Benth.,Cordia africana Lam.,Dovyalis abyssinica(A.Rich.)Warb.,H agenia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.,Juniperus procera Hochst.ex Endl.,Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker,Olea europaea L.subsp.c uspidata(Wall.ex G.Don)Cif.,Podocarpus falcatus(Thunb.)R.Br.ex Mirb.and Prunus africana(Hook.f.)Kalkman.We used the ink and vinegar method to stain AMF in roots.RC levels ranged from 8.00 to 99.67%and were generally higher than the RC levels reported from other similar nurseries in Ethiopia.SA levels ranged from 1 to 25 spores g~(-1)and werecomparable with some reports from the field in Ethiopia but they were lower than levels reported by another similar study.RC was more affected by host species than nursery location,while the reverse was true for SA.The results also showed that nursery management could improve AMF status among seedlings.When all nursery tree species were considered,RC and SA levels were unrelated.No strong correlation existed between the nursery management variables considered and RC or SA.However,considering C.africana,J.procera and P.falcatus separately,RC-age(r_(s)=0.829,P=0.042)correlation for O.europaea and RC-pot diameter(r_(s)=0.820,P=0.046),RC-pot volume(r_(s)=0.928,P=0.008)and SA-age(r_(s)=0.943,P=0.005)correlations for C.africana,were significant,strong and positive.Generally,most of the tree species and particularly,early-mid successional tree species had sufficient AMF inoculum.Hence,only the mid-late successional tree species;J.procera,P.falcatus,and P.africana may require AMF inoculation,preferably,during filed planting.Based on our results,age and pot volume were identified to be important variables potentially affecting RC and SA.To better understand the effects of these and other nursery management variables,additional study is required.We demonstrated for the first time that black Hero ink is suitable for staining root AMF and can be used in future AMF research.
基金the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica(PAPIIT)of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM Grant IN-235402)the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(Grant 2002-c01-668),and the Packard Foundation.
文摘The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seedling growth across the rain forest-pasture edge has not received much attention. In a tropical rain forest in eastern Mexico, the seedlings of light demanding (Ficus insipida), nonsecondary light demanding (Lonchocarpus cruentus) and shade tolerant species (Nectandra ambigens, Coccoloba hondurensis) were grown and transplanted to a forest edge with three inoculation treatments (AM fungus spores and colonized roots, spores, and no inoculum). For all species, stem height, stem diameter, total dry weight, leaf area and net assimilation rate were higher in the pasture. Stem height, stem diameter and root/shoot were higher for L. cruentus, and leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and net assimilation rate were higher for F. insipida;the lowest values of almost all variables were recorded for N. ambigens. L. cruentus and C. hondurensis with mycorrhizae had the highest values for root/shoot and net assimilation rate, respectively. The lowest values of root/shoot and net assimilation rate were observed for nonlight-demanding species in the forest. There were clear trade-offs for the pioneer species between survival and growth, and in underground biomass allocation and assimilation for nonsecondary light demanding, but there was not for the shade-tolerant species.
文摘The intra- or inter-species genetic diversity of 11 strain AMF from five host trees were studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). The genetic diversity among AMF species from different host plants were more abundant than from same host plants. The results showed that the genetic diversity is related to AMF species and host plants, whereas the efficacy of AMF species is higher than that of host plants; the same species AMF having same origination, there were different morphology and genetic divisions because of the choice of hosts and the menace of environment, which leaded to form different affinity between AMF and trees.
文摘从昆明学院种植基地随机采集黄瓜根系及根际土壤样品,采用巢式PCR技术分别扩增菌根及土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)部分18S r RNA基因区域,利用该产物构建AMF克隆文库,并结合ARDRA筛选、DNA测序和系统发育树分析对黄瓜AMF菌群组成进行研究。结果表明:根际土壤检测到7种AMF:摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(G.intraradices)、地表球囊霉(G.versiforme)以及其他4种未知的Glomus属类型,而根系除发现了G.mosseae、G.intraradices和G.versiforme外,仅检测到了其他2种未知Glomus属种类。
