Pumpkin seeds as nutraceutical and functional food ingredient for future:A review

Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.Pumpkin seeds are valuable source protein which can help in eradicating protein malnutrition and lipids(rich in PUFAs)contains essential as well as non essential fatty acids which prevents from various ailments like cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.Since,seeds of pumpkin are abundant in macro(magnesium,phosphorous,potassium,sodium and calcium)and micro minerals(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium),they can be used as an incredible dietary supplement which in turn helps in curbing various deficiency disorders.This review enlightens the characteristics of pumpkin seeds,process of valorization of pumpkin seeds and the effect of processing on their nutritional composition which have been studied currently with the aim to use this wonder seeds for human wellbeing.Pumpkin seeds possess many bioactive compounds like polyphenols,flavonoids,phytosterols and squalene which makes it a lucrative raw material for pharmacological and food industries.Pumpkin seeds work as anti-depressant and helps majorly in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia(BHP).Daily consumption of pumpkin seeds can reduce the chances of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Pumpkin seeds are rich in tocopherols and can be used for oil extraction for edible purposes and utilized in other food formulations for future use.

Design and Production of Infant Flours Based on Pumpkin Pulp Enriched with Cakes Extracted from Its Seeds

The inclusion of composite flours in infant food at weaning time should be a priority for mothers. The aim of this project is to formulate infant flour based on pulp flour enriched with oilcake from these grains after extraction of the oil. To do this, the elements were combined to obtain a regulatory formulation. Micro- and macronutrients, minerals, vitamins and tasting of the prepared porridge were determined. The results obtained were satisfactory. The moisture content of the fruit pulp was determined using oven-drying techniques: 92.2%, carbohydrates 6.00%, lipids 0.3%, ash 0.80%, proteins 1.10%, calcium 19.8%, phosphorus 42.6% and iron 0.4%. Furthermore, the carbohydrate content of flours composed of 5% insertion is 62.9 g to 48.8 g per 100 g, and the protein content of compound flours with 5% insertion is 15.9 g to 28.25 g per 100 g. On the other hand, the vitamin C and E contents of fresh pulp and oilcake are 25 mg, 13 mg and 21 mg respectively. However, only copper and β-carotene from 5% to 30% insertion remain invariant to the different insertion rates, with a value of 25 mg for copper and 0 µg for β-carotene. In addition, a variation in the degree of swelling of weaning flours compared with the standard from 3.95% at 5% insertion to 3.58 at 30% insertion was observed. The solubility of flours increases on the one hand with increases in the degree of insertion of the cakes. Flour formulated so many toward basicity. But the presence of traces of oil containing fatty acids can reduce this basicity. This study may be an alternative of industrial flours in infant nutrition.

Analysis of the Emissions and Performance of a Diesel Engine Using Pumpkin Seed Oil Methyl Ester with Different Injection Pressures

Biodiesel fuel is a potential alternative energy source for diesel engines due to its physiochemical characteristics relatively similar to those of traditional diesel fuel.In this study,the performance,emission,and combustion features of a mono cylinder DI diesel engine are assessed using 20%Pumpkin seed methyl ester(PSOME20)and considering varying injection pressures(200,220,240,and 260 bar).The considered Pumpkin seed oil is converted into pumpkin biodiesel by transesterification and then used as fuel.The findings demonstrate that the Brake Thermal Efficiency(BTE)of PSOME20 can be raised by 1.68%,and the carbon monoxide(CO),hydrocarbon(HC),and smoke emanations can be lowered,while oxides of nitrogen(NOx)emissions are increased at an injection pressure(IP)of 240 bar compared to the standard IP of 200 bar.The cylinder pressure and the Heat Release Rate(HRR)become higher at 240 bar,whereas the ignition delay is shortened with respect to PSOME20 at a normal IP of 200 bar.

Pumpkin seed ethanolic extract protects against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice

Objective:To investigate the protective role of pumpkin seed ethanolic extract against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice.Methods:Swiss albino male mice were randomly divided into five groups with six mice in each group.Group Ⅰreceived normal water orally,Group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳand Ⅴreceived escitalopram oxalate(10 mg/kg),pumpkin seed extract(300 mg/kg)plus escitalopram oxalate(10 mg/kg),escitalopram oxalate(20 mg/kg),and pumpkin seed extract(300 mg/kg)plus escitalopram oxalate(20 mg/kg),respectively.All test doses were continuously administered orally once daily per animal body weight for 30 days and 60 days.Body weight and sexual organ weight were evaluated on day 31 and 61.Effects of pumpkin seed extract on sperm parameters,biochemical parameters and histology of testis were also investigated.Results:Escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/kg caused reproductive toxicity in male mice after 30 and 60 days of treatment.However,simultaneous administration of escitalopram oxalate(10 or 20 mg/kg)with pumpkin seed extract(300 mg/kg)attenuated escitalopram-induced testicular toxicity.Significant increase in the body weight and relative organ weight was observed.Sperm count,sperm motility and viability significantly increased(P<0.05).The histopathological alterations caused by escitalopram was also ameliorated.Conclusions:Ethanolic extract of pumpkin seeds(300 mg/kg body weight)protects again reproductive toxicity induced by escitalopram.Therefore,dietary intake of pumpkin seed extract might be useful for male patients who expose to antidepressant drug due to depression.

响应面法优化南瓜风味发酵乳酸菌饮料的研制

为了研制出一款风味独特兼具营养的南瓜风味发酵酸乳饮料,本研究以自制南瓜发酵酸乳为原料,通过单因素实验和响应面试验设计,以感官评分为评价指标,确定了南瓜风味发酵乳酸菌饮料的最佳配方为:水料和酸奶体积比为4,柠檬酸添加量0.12%,糖添加量为8%。以《食品安全国家标准食品酸度的测定》(GB5009.239—2016)以及《含乳饮料》(GB/T21732—2008)为标准,测定南瓜风味发酵乳酸菌饮料的酸度为45°T,乳蛋白含量为0.71g/100g,乳酸菌活菌数为2.8×10^(6)CFU/g。以上所述,均符合国家标准。该南瓜风味发酵乳酸菌饮料口感较好,味道醇厚,有较多的乳酸菌含量,具有较好的市场开发前景。

南瓜新品种馨兰1号的选育

馨兰1号是以H2016-6-1为母本、H2016-13-4为父本杂交选育而成的南瓜新品种。该品种早熟、果实发育期为29 d,全生育期为90 d。植株长势健壮,叶片浓绿肥厚。第1雌花节位在第8节左右。果实扁圆形,果皮深绿色,果线细长浅绿色,果肉鲜黄色,果肉厚度2.2 cm。连续坐果能力强,单株结瓜2~3个,果实膨大速度快。果肉甘面如板栗,干物质含量(w,后同)21.8%。平均单果质量2.1 kg,667 m^(2)产量2300 kg,抗病毒病能力强,耐贮运性好。该品种适宜在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、新疆、山东、河北、海南、湖南和山西等地早春露地栽培。

利用南瓜蒸煮液绿色制备纳米银及其抑菌性能的研究

目的以南瓜蒸煮液和AgNO_(3)为原料,烷基糖苷(APG)为表面活性剂,以微波加热绿色制备纳米银溶胶,研究其制备工艺、性能和抑菌效果。方法以单因子对纳米银的制备进行优化。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、透射电镜(TEM)、能量色谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对合成纳米银的特征吸收峰、形貌以及稳定性等进行分析,并考察纳米银对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抑菌性能。结果纳米银制备适宜的优化工艺条件:在南瓜蒸煮液体积为40 mL情况下,AgNO_(3)的初始质量浓度为1.2 g/L、pH值为13、微波加热时间为60 s。经优化后,所制备的纳米银的UV-vis光谱在406 nm处出现强的特征吸收峰,EDS色谱进一步证实了纳米银的存在。纳米银为球形,平均粒径为13.4 nm,粒径小,分散性和稳定性好。抗菌试验表明,不同质量浓度的纳米银对E.coli和S.aureus均有较强的抑制和杀灭效果,对E.coli的MIC值和MBC值分别为5 mg/L和10 mg/L,对S.aureus的MIC值和MBC值分别为40 mg/L和320 mg/L。结论该AgNPs对革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌具有抗菌能力,在食品包装中具有较好的应用前景。

南瓜白粉病拮抗内生细菌Bacillus cereus B4-2的分离鉴定及生防效果

从高抗白粉病的南瓜植株内分离筛选出对南瓜白粉病有较好防治效果的内生拮抗细菌菌株,为南瓜白粉病的生物防治提供新途径。采用孢子萌发抑制法、叶盘漂浮法和温室盆栽试验筛选出有较好防效的内生细菌,用形态观察、生理生化测定和分子生物学方法进行鉴定。结果表明,从高抗白粉病的南瓜自交系22G3植株内分离获得29株内生拮抗细菌菌株,5个菌株对南瓜白粉菌的孢子萌发抑制率在50%以上,其中菌株B4-2对白粉菌的孢子萌发抑制率最高,为88.65%。叶盘和室内盆栽试验结果均表明,菌株B4-2对南瓜白粉病的防治效果最好,防治效果分别达79.58%和83.21%。不同稀释倍数的B4-2发酵液对南瓜白粉病均有一定的防治效果,随着稀释倍数的增大,防治效果降低,其中菌株B4-2发酵液原液对南瓜白粉病的防治效果最好,达82.14%。通过形态特征、生理生化特征及基因序列分析,鉴定菌株B4-2为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。综上所述,蜡样芽孢杆菌B4-2能较好地防治南瓜白粉病,有一定的开发潜力。

南瓜种子姿态约束定向组合式排种器设计与试验

为实现南瓜种子定向播种,提出先调整南瓜种子运动姿态再进行定向的组合式定向方法,设计了一种南瓜种子组合式定向排种器。该定向装置的关键部件包括限位清种板和导向板两部分。基于南瓜种子几何特性确定了限位清种板的结构参数。建立南瓜种子定向过程的运动学方程,明确了南瓜种子定向过程中姿态变化与导向板结构参数的关系,确定了导向板结构参数。利用CFD-DEM耦合法,验证了南瓜种子组合式排种器定向排种的可行性,确定了排种盘转速取值范围。搭建试验台,以平躺吸附率为试验指标,通过单因素试验确定了排种盘型孔直径。以单粒率为试验指标,通过单因素试验确定了负压和排种盘型孔数取值范围。选取负压、排种盘型孔数、排种盘转速为试验因素,以单粒率、定向成功率为试验指标,进行了三因素三水平二次中心组合试验,得出影响排种器单粒率的主次因素为负压、排种盘型孔数、排种盘转速,影响排种器定向成功率的主次因素为排种盘转速、负压、排种盘型孔数。对优化后参数进行田间验证试验,结果表明,当排种盘型孔数为16、负压为10kPa、排种盘转速为4r/min时,单粒率为94.7%,定向成功率为82.7%,南瓜种子落入穴盘的正负偏转角度为18.5°。

不同整枝方式对贝贝南瓜生长、果实特性及产量的影响

为提高贝贝南瓜的种植水平和种植效益,筛选适宜的整枝方式,以不整枝栽培为对照,研究了单蔓、双蔓、三蔓整枝方式对贝贝南瓜的品质及产量的影响。结果表明:采用双蔓整枝、三蔓整枝方式比对照分别提早采收4、3 d,叶片浓绿,长势较好,病虫害发生较少,第1雌花节位低,分别在7.3、7.4节,坐果率分别为97.00%、95.83%,果型大小均匀,平均单果质量分别为0.40、0.38 kg。双蔓整枝方式667 m^(2)产量可达2502.06 kg,三蔓整枝方式次之,为2467.5 kg,分别较对照显著提高58.2%、44.1%。生产中建议贝贝南瓜选择双蔓整枝方式为最佳,可促进南瓜早熟,提高坐果率,降低畸形果率,提高产量;三蔓枝可备选。

寒地露地架式肉用南瓜套种秋白菜栽培技术

黑龙江省是我国重要的南瓜种植、加工及北菜南运基地。近几年为了更好地发展黑龙江省南瓜产业,提高单位面积经济效益,黑龙江省南瓜体系团队尝试采用架式肉用南瓜套种秋白菜栽培模式,南瓜表现坐果率高、收瓜早、果实商品性好;大白菜品质佳、长势健壮;此种栽培模式不受气候环境影响,比较适宜小面积生产精品肉用南瓜和早熟秋型白菜,可以实现南瓜与秋白菜双丰收。

南瓜叶黄素基因紧密连锁的InDel分子标记开发及应用

本研究旨在开发与中国南瓜(Cucurbita moschata Duch.)叶黄素含量的数量性状基因座(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)紧密连锁且实用性强的分子标记,以加速南瓜的育种进程。前期在F_(2)代群体中定位到与叶黄素含量紧密连锁的主效QTL位点qlut11-a,在其两侧翼分子标记R1_38695和R2_55819之间开发了8对InDel分子标记。通过对F_(2)代群体及部分高代(F_(8)代)重组自交系株系进行基因型和叶黄素表型分析,明确了InDel分子标记G005310和G005670可有效筛选高叶黄素含量和低叶黄素含量材料,并在近等基因系构建中证实了其能用于创制高叶黄素含量的南瓜种质,BC5F1果实中的最高叶黄素含量约是低叶黄素含量亲本果实含量的2.8倍,且占高叶黄素含量亲本果实的96%。本研究结果为加速南瓜高叶黄素含量种质育种进程提供了更实用的分子标记。

Cluster Analysis of Chinese Pumpkin Inbred Lines

A cluster analysis was carried out based on Euclidean genetic distances through UPGMA method in Chinese pumpkin inbred lines.7 important agronomic traits of 46 Chinese pumpkin inbred lines were investigated.The result indicated that 46 pumpkin inbred lines were clustered into 4 groups and the inter-groups distances was larger than that in intra-group.The genetic distances of parents were related to F1 performance and the results of cluster would increase effectiveness in the Chinese pumpkin crossing breeding.

云南昆明地区南瓜白粉病病原菌生理小种鉴定

为明确云南省昆明市团结乡地区南瓜白粉病病原菌种类及生理小种,通过病原菌孢子形态观察、分子鉴定及国际通用的甜瓜白粉病生理小种鉴别寄主与标准鉴定体系,对该地区的南瓜白粉病病原菌及生理小种进行鉴定。结果表明,该白粉病菌孢子形态呈椭圆形,内有纤维状体;rDNA-ITS序列与单囊壳属(Podosphaera xanthii)ITS序列聚为一类,一致性高达99%;病原菌样本对鉴别寄主的抗感反应与单囊壳白粉菌生理小种2France表现一致。因此,引起昆明市团结乡地区南瓜白粉病的病原菌为单囊壳属白粉病菌(P.xanthii)的生理小种2France。

Studies of Glycine Betaine on Physiology of Two Varieties of Pumpkin Seedlings under NaCl Stress

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between Glycine betaine and the salt-tolerance mechanism of different pumpkins and confirm the mechanism of betaine in salt-tolerance physiology.[Method] Taking the seedlings of C.ficifolia and Qingli pumpkin as test materials,the effects of glycine betaine on the cell membrane permeability,MDA and root activity of two varieties of pumpkin seedlings under 300 mmol/L NaCl stress were studied.[Result] At suitable concentrations,glycine betaine could d...

干旱胁迫下南瓜CmGolS1表达量及相关生理指标的变化

[目的]通过分析干旱胁迫下“蜜本”南瓜基因CmGolS1(肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶基因1)的表达情况和可溶性糖含量的变化,解析干旱条件下南瓜的生理生化及基因水平变化,提高南瓜耐干旱能力。[方法]选用南瓜属品种‘蜜本’南瓜作为试验材料,干旱处理2~7 d。通过荧光定量PCR和可溶性糖含量测定,获得CmGolS1基因表达量的变化和细胞可溶性糖含量的变化。[结果]CmGolS1在未干旱处理的对照组几乎不表达,随着干旱处理时间延长,表达量上调,在处理第3天达到峰值,随后在干旱处理3~7 d出现一定波动,但始终相对对照组维持在高表达。对照组南瓜第一片真叶的可溶性糖含量在220μg/g左右;在干旱处理第3天开始显著上升,随后维持在320~330μg/g,可溶性糖含量在干旱处理中后期维持相对稳定。[结论]干旱胁迫下,CmGolS1上调表达,其合成产物半乳糖是多种可溶性糖的前体,可能与生理生化中可溶性糖的上调有关。可溶性糖的积累是植物抗旱过程中的一项重要生理反应,有助于降低细胞水势,抵御干旱环境。CmGolS1基因可为南瓜干旱胁迫下的生理生化变化及抗旱育种的分子机制提供重要信息。

Extraction of Pumpkin Polysaccharide by Complex Enzyme Method and Its Antioxidant Research

[Objective] This paper aims to study a new method of extracting pumpkin polysaccharide from pumpkin. Single factor experiments were conducted to examine the effects of extracting time,temperature,the solid-liquid ratio and pH value on the extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin. [Method] The best enzyme ratio and extraction conditions for complex enzymes extraction were determined through orthogonal tests. Scavenging ·OH and O-2 activities of pumpkin polysaccharides were also investigated by salicylic acid and improved self-oxidation of o-pheno methods respectively. [Results] The results showed that the biggest extraction yield of polysaccharide from pumpkin can be got when adding 1% cellulose enzyme,1.5% pectinase,1.0% papain and Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution (pH was 4.6),and oscillating for 30 min under water at 40 ℃ with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. In addition,pumpkin polysaccharides had a strong activity of eliminating ·OH,but very weak activity to scavenge O-2. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data for research and application of Pumpkin polysaccharide.

不同品种南瓜品质和挥发性成分分析

以5个品种南瓜为研究对象,比较其理化性状、营养成分、总酚及抗氧化活性和挥发性成分间的差异。采用灰色关联分析综合评价了南瓜9个主要品质性状;采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法分析南瓜果实挥发性成分,并对其进行主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)。结果表明,5种南瓜的干物质、肌醇、抗坏血酸含量分别介于36.95%~50.91%、1.48~17.02 mg/g和2.17~15.26 mg/100 g,均表现为香缘早最高,221-09最低;香缘早的pH(7.95)和蔗糖含量最高(52.04 mg/g)、总酸含量最低(7.54 mg/kg),而黑小宝pH(7.26)和蔗糖最低(20.17 mg/g)、总酸最高为29.75 mg/kg;淀粉含量介于1.06%~3.65%,表现为221-09最高而黑小宝最低;果糖、葡萄糖含量分别介于21.39~57.97 mg/g和15.74~39.51 mg/g,均为221-09最高而香缘早最低;总酚含量、DPPH值和ABTS值分别介于2.44~3.00 mg GAE/g、0.15~0.33 mg TE/g和0.09~0.25 mg TE/g之间,均为221-09含量最高而香缘1号最低。灰色关联分析结果表明,香缘早位列第一,其次为221-09,综合品质优。5种南瓜共检测出50种挥发性成分,PCA分析发现香缘早香气成分最丰富且与其余品种具有显著性差异。相对香气活度值大于1的风味成分有1-辛烯-3醇、芳樟醇、2-甲基-2-丁醛、己醛、青叶醛、壬醛、反式-2-壬醛、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗酮,确定其为关键香气成分。本研究结果可为南瓜优良育种、品质评价、加工及产品开发提供参考依据。

基于蛋白质组学研究西瓜接穗对嫁接苗根系生长的影响

为研究嫁接苗中西瓜接穗对南瓜砧木根系生长的影响,以西瓜品种‘早佳8424’、南瓜品种‘伟砧1号’为试验材料,设置两个嫁接组合,西瓜/南瓜(W/P)和南瓜/南瓜(P/P),采用贴接法嫁接,并以不嫁接的南瓜自根苗(P)为对照,采用iTRAQ技术对W/P、P/P嫁接苗及P的根系蛋白质组进行全面分析和比较。结果表明W/P和P/P嫁接苗的砧穗愈合良好,但在愈合期结束后,W/P嫁接苗的地上部和根系生长最为缓慢。iTRAQ结果表明相较于P,W/P根系中共鉴定到194个差异丰度蛋白,其中上调蛋白135个、下调蛋白59个;相较于P/P,W/P根系中共鉴定到54个差异丰度蛋白,其中上调20个、下调蛋白34个。这些差异丰度蛋白主要富集在羧酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、逆境胁迫响应等过程。W/P嫁接苗的根系中参与蔗糖代谢、糖酵解和三羧酸循环的酶,如蔗糖合成酶、果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶等丰度显著低于P/P和P。W/P嫁接苗的根系中胁迫相关蛋白的丰度显著升高,包括多个类乳胶蛋白、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、水孔蛋白等。说明W/P嫁接苗中西瓜接穗可抑制砧木根系中的碳水化合物代谢、促进根系的逆境胁迫响应。

Extraction of Water-soluble Polysaccharide from Pumpkin and Its Antioxidant Activity

In this study,an orthogonal experiment was performed to explore the optimal extraction technique of water-soluble polysaccharides from pumpkin.Moreover,the polysaccharides＇ capabilities to scavenge ·OH and DPPH· and their gross reducing power was measured with Vc and BHT as references.In the orthogonal experiment,various factors including temperature,extraction time,solid-liquid ratio,were optimized.The results showed that the polysaccharides extracted from pumpkin are endowed with strong in vitro antioxidant properties.Our study provided references for the extraction of pumpkin polysaccharides and for their use as antioxidants.