An experimental study exploring the influencing factors for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds from leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L.

In this paper,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of flavonoid compounds from leaves of Amorpha fruticosa is optimized.In single factor experiments,solid/liquid ratios,ultrasonic power,ethanol concentrations and extraction cycles were experimental factors.Box–Behnken central composite design and RSM analyzed the effects of the four factors on the yield of total flavonoids.The optimal extraction parameters were solid/liquid ratio 1:50 g/mL,ultrasonic power 316 W,ethanol concentration 50%,4 extraction cycles.In the optimized condition,the estimated value of the regression model was 66.6456 mg/g while the measured value was 66.4329 mg/g.

濒危树种极东锦鸡儿(Caragana fruticosa)种子的萌发特性

以濒危树种极东锦鸡儿成熟种子为材料,研究极东锦鸡儿种子物理性状和温度对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:极东锦鸡儿种荚结实率较低,且约有1/4种子受虫害;成熟种子含水量为6.6%,千粒重18.6 g。种子长、宽和厚存在一定变异。种子长度平均为0.42 cm,宽度平均为0.27 cm,厚度平均为0.24 cm,长宽比为0.64。种皮透水性良好。不同温度条件对种子发芽率具有极显著影响。25℃条件下种子发芽率最高,为38.33%。随着温度的升高或降低,种子发芽率降低。发芽试验的第八天是计算种子发芽势的适宜时期。不同温度条件对极东锦鸡儿幼苗高度的影响极显著,对胚根长度影响显著。25℃有利于幼苗高度和胚根长度的增加,较高温度(30℃)有利于幼苗生物量增加。

Effects of soil moisture and light intensity on ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings

We investigated the combined effects of soil moisture and light intensity on the growth, development and ecophysiological characteristics of one-year old Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture and light intensity influenced the ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture resulted in the decreases of growth rate, individual size, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water loss rate （WLR）, and biomass accumulation of plant parts, and led to increased leaf water saturation deficit （WSD）. Under water stress, more photosynthetic products were allocated to root growth. With decreasing light intensity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chla/b, water saturation deficit, water use efficiency, water loss rate and biomass accumulation declined, while Chla, Chlb, Chla＋b and carotenoids （Car） increased and more photosynthetic products were allocated to stem and leaf growth. Maximum growth vigor, net photosynthetic rate and total biomass accumulation in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings was recorded at 75 80% soil water-holding capacity and 100% light density in greenhouse environments.

Hepatoprotective effect of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz flowers on diclofenac sodium induced liver toxicity in rats

Objective:To evaluate the protective effect of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz flowers against experimentally induced liver toxicity in rats.Methods:Two different doses of methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa(WFM) were evaluated for the hepatoprotective activity against diclofenac sodium induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Various biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),blood urea nitrogen(BUN) from serum;total protein(TP),glutathione (GSH) levels,catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities from liver were studied; histopathologic changes of liver were also evaluated.Results:WFM effectively reduced the elevated levels of serum ALT,AST,ALP and BUN,enhanced the reduced TP,ALB and hepatic GSH,CAT,GPx activity.The histopathological analysis suggested that WFM decreased the degree of liver fibrosis induced by diclofenac.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the hepatoprotective activity of WFM and thus scientifically support the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver disorders.

The coexistence of hermaphroditic and dioecious plants is associated with polyploidy and gender dimorphism in Dasiphora fruticosa

Dasiphora fruticosa comprises male,female and hermaphrodite plants,which are distributed sympatrically in some populations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To explore what governs the coexistence of these three sexual phenotypes,we investigated the DNA contents,pollen and ovule production,pollen deposition,and performed hand-pollination in both hermaphroditic and dioecious individuals of D.fruticosa.Flow cytometry confirmed that the DNA content of males and females were almost twice as much as that of the hermaphrodites.Male and female flowers produced more pollen grains and ovules than hermaphroditic flowers.Hand-pollinated treatments showed that unisexual flowers were sterile in one sexual function and bisexual flowers were fertile for both functions,but no sterile seeds were produced between unisexual and bisexual flowers.Our findings imply that polyploidy is related to gender dimorphism,and both are likely to play a strong role in the coexistence of two cryptic biological species of D.fruticosa(low ploidy hermaphroditic species and high ploidy dioecious species)in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

A new compound from the fruit of Amorpha fruticosa and activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

A new isoflavone was obstained from the medicinal herb Amorpha fruticosa. It was elucidated asbenzopyran- 12-one, 1,4,10,11 - tetrahydro-6′-[8′-（hydroxymethy1）etheny1]-2,3-dimethoxy-8′-O-β-glucopyranosy1-O-α-D-arabinoside by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques. And the activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity of this compound was also studied, and found this compound can protect liver obviously from hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen （AAP）. ？2009 Ting Guo Kang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Salvia fruticosa reduces intrinsic cellular and H_2O_2-induced DNA oxidation in HEK 293 cells;assessment using flow cytometry

Objective:To investigate the role of water-soluble extract of Salvia fruticosa(Creek sage)(S.fruticosa) leaves in reducing both intrinsic cellular and H_2O_2-induced DNA oxidation in cultured human embryonic kidney 293 cells.S.fruiicosa.native to the Eastern-Mediterranean basin,is widely used as a medicinal herb for treatment of various diseases.Methods:Dried leaves of 5.fruticosa were extracted in phosphate buffer saline and purified using both vacuum and high pressure filtrations.Each mL of the preparation contained(7.1±1.0)mg of extract.HEK-293 cells were incubated in one set with S.fruticosa extract in the presence of 0.1 mmol/L H_2O_2,and in the other set with the addition of the extract alone.The DNA oxidation was measured using fluorescence upon fluorescein isothiocyanate derivarization of 8-oxoguanine moieties.The fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry technique.Results:Cells incubated 3 h with 150μL extract and exposed to 0.1 mmol/L H_2O_2 showed lower intensity of fluorescence,and thus lower DNA oxidation.Moreover,cells incubated 3 h with 100μl.of the extract showed lower intensity of fluorescence,and thus lower intrinsic cellular DNA oxidation compared to control(without S.fruticosa).Conchisions:The results from this study suggest that the water-soluble extract of S.fruticosa leaves protects against both H_2O_2-induced and intrinsic cellular DNA oxidation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.

Maternal salinity improves yield, size and stress tolerance of Suaeda fruticosa seeds

Shrubby seablite or lani(Suaeda fruticosa Forssk)is a perennial euhalophyte with succulent leaves,which could be planted on arid-saline lands for restoration and cultivated as a non-conventional edible or cash crop.Knowledge about the impacts of maternal saline environment on seed attributes of this important euhalophyte is lacking.This study investigated the effects of maternal salinity on yield,size and stress tolerance of S.fruticosa seeds.Seedlings of S.fruticosa were grown in a green net house under increasing maternal salinity levels(0,300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)until seed production.Total yield,size,stress tolerance and germination of the descended seeds under different maternal saline conditions were examined.Plants grown under saline conditions(300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)produce a substantially higher quantity of seeds than plants grown under non-saline condition(0 mM NaCl).Low maternal salinity(300 mM NaCl)improves seed size.Seeds produced under all maternal salinity levels display a higher tolerance to low temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 10℃/20℃),whereas seeds produced under 300 mM NaCl maternal saline condition show a better tolerance to high temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 25℃/35℃)during germination.Seeds from all maternal saline conditions germinate better in the 12 h photoperiod(12 h light/12 h dark)than in the dark(24 h dark);however,seeds produced from low and moderate maternal saline conditions(300 and 600 mM NaCl)show a higher germination in the dark than those from control and high maternal saline conditions(0 and 900 mM NaCl).In general,maternal salinity is found to improve yield,size and stress tolerance of S.fruticosa seeds.

Effects of Fruticosa potentilla L. on Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Key Enzymes and Hormones in T2DM Rats

[Objectives]To study the effects of Fruticosa potentilla L.on the expression of key enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.[Methods]The ethyl acetate fraction of 95%methanol extract of F.potentilla(MEE)was administered orally to the T2DM rats,and the level of glucose and expression of insulin,resistin,leptin,glucokinase(GK)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase)in the rats were measured and detected.[Results]In the T2DM rats administered with MEE,the postprandial blood glucose level decreased,the expression levels of resistin,leptin and G-6-Pase were down-regulated,and the expression levels of insulin and GK were up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]F.potentilla can reduce effectively postprandial blood glucose level,regulate the expression of a variety of enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism and recover partially the insulin level in T2DM rats to achieve resistance to T2DM.

吸引野生鸟类、蝶类的乡土食源植物虾子花(Woodfordia fruticosa)生态景观营造实践

在南方利用优良的鸟类、蝶类食源植物虾子花(Woodfordia fruticosa)可在3~5年内构建有效吸引野生鸟类如红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)、白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、叉尾太阳鸟(Aethopyga christinae)、暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops japonicus)、朱背啄花鸟(Dicaeum cruentatum)、红胸啄花鸟(Dicaeum ignipectus)、橙腹叶鹎(Chloropsis hardwickii)和北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)等,蝶类如巴黎翠凤蝶(Papilio paris)、玉斑凤蝶(Papilio helenus)、玉带凤蝶(Papilio polytes)、青凤蝶(Graphium sarpedon)及报喜斑粉蝶(Delias pasithoe)等的生态景观。进一步对虾子花的栽培管护技术、整体景观构建等提出建议。

Cloning a Full-length cDNA Encoding UDP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Amorpha fruticosa by PCR-based Methods

A method based on degenerate Oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR for cloning a full length cDNA is described. An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA clone encoding UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP), a key enzyme producing UDP glucose in the synthesis of sucrose and cellulose, is cloned by using this method. We design 5’ RACE primers based on UGPA1 fragment, which obtains from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enable cloning of the remainder 5’ and 3’ end fragments of the gene. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with the other UGP genes cloned. This method is more simple and inexpensive than screening cDNA library, and can be easily adapted to clone other genes.

基于文献计量分析紫穗槐研究进展及趋势

以中国知网(CNKI)全文数据库为数据源,对2012—2021年发表的有关紫穗槐研究的文献进行检索,利用Excel软件和VOSviewer软件对载文量年度变化趋势、文献类型、研究团队、研究机构、研究高频词、单篇被引频次、文献研究方向等进行系统分析。结果显示,2012—2021年间中国知网(CNKI)数据库共收录618篇紫穗槐相关中文文献,其中林业类文献最多,为261篇(占比43.72%);全部文献中有193篇受基金项目支持,国家级基金项目为167篇(占比86.53%);发文数量最多的研究机构为西北农林科技大学,共发文57篇(占比25.68%);收录紫穗槐相关文献最多的期刊为《西北农林科技大学学报》,共计25篇。紫穗槐的生态与环境、造林与栽培养护、植物生理等方向是近年来的研究热点,我国在以上3个研究方向已经取得了较高水平的科研成果。虽然紫穗槐的文献数目自2014年后呈现下降趋势,但已经在2020年出现上升现象,说明紫穗槐的科研价值重新受到了学者们的关注。

The role of shrub(Potentilla fruticosa)on ecosystem CO_(2) fluxes in an alpine shrub meadow

Aims Recent studies have shown that alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau act as significant CO_(2)sinks.On the plateau,alpine shrub meadow is one of typical grassland ecosystems.The major alpine shrub on the plateau is Potentilla fruticosa L.(Rosaceae),which is distributed widely from 3200 to 4000 m.Shrub species play an important role on carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems.In addition,alpine shrubs are sensitive to climate change such as global warming.Considering global warming,the biomass and productivity of P.fruticosa will increase on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Thus,understanding the carbon dynamics in alpine shrub meadow and the role of shrubs around the upper distribution limit at present is essential to predict the change in carbon sequestration on the plateau.However,the role of shrubs on the carbon dynamics in alpine shrub meadow remains unclear.The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the magnitude of CO_(2)exchange of P.fruticosa shrub patches around the upper distribution limit and to elucidate the role of P.fruticosa on ecosystem CO_(2)fluxes in an alpine meadow.Methods We used the static acrylic chamber technique to measure and estimate the net ecosystem productivity(NEP),ecosystem respiration(Re),and gross primary productivity(GPP)of P.fruticosa shrub patches at three elevations around the species’upper distribution limit.Ecosystem CO_(2)fluxes and environmental factors were measured from 17 to 20 July 2008 at 3400,3600,and 3800 m a.s.l.We examined the maximum GPP at infinite light(GPPmax)and maximum Re(Remax)during the experimental time at each elevation in relation to aboveground biomass and environmental factors,including air and soil temperature,and soil water content.Important Findings Patches of P.fruticosa around the species’upper distribution limit absorbed CO_(2),at least during the daytime.Maximum NEP at infinite light(NEPmax)and GPPmax of shrub patches in the alpine meadow varied among the three elevations,with the highest values at 3400 m and the lowest at 3800 m.GPPmax was positively correlated with the green biomass of P.fruticosa more strongly than with total green biomass,suggesting that P.fruticosa is the major contributor to CO_(2)uptake in the alpine shrub meadow.Air temperature influenced the potential GPPat the shrub-patch scale.Remax was correlated with aboveground biomass and Remax normalized by aboveground biomass was influenced by soil water content.Potentilla fruticosa height(biomass)and frequency increased clearly as elevation decreased,which promotes the large-scale spatial variation of carbon uptake and the strength of the carbon sink at lower elevations.

Effect of Cryopreservation on Germination of Seeds of Amorpha fruticosa and Platycladus orientalis

In order to explore the feasibility of cryopreservation storage on forest tree seeds, germination of Amorpha fruticosa and Platycladus orientalis seeds with moisture content (MC) changing was tested after storage in liquid nitrogen of -196 oC for 30 d. The results showed that both species of seeds can keep high germination percentage after cryopreservation. For A. fruticosa, the germination percentage of seeds was the highest when 4.1% MC was used for storage, and for P. orientalis it was the highest when 6.0% MC was used for storage. It is feasible for both species of seeds to be stored in liquid nitrogen.

基于GC-IMS分析不同储存时间金露梅红茶中挥发性有机物

为研究储存时间对金露梅红茶中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的影响,采用气相-离子迁移色谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy,GC-IMS)技术测定2019年、2020年、2021年金露梅红茶中VOCs组成。结果表明,GC-IMS技术从不同时间金露梅红茶样品中鉴定出61个信号峰,通过内置数据库定性出43种VOCs,包括20种醛类、8种酮类、7种醇类、2种酯类、2种烯类、2种吡嗪类和1种呋喃类等。通过主成分分析(prin-cipal component analysis,PCA)2019年样品和2020年、2021年样品差异较大。由指纹图谱分析发现,随着储存时间的延长,2021年样品中VOCs的种类和浓度相对较大,2019年样品中VOCs的种类和浓度最小。通过偏最小二乘法中变量投影重要性值(variable importance for the projection,VIP)判定,分析出金露梅红茶中14种潜在特征性VOCs,结合聚类热图结果发现,金露梅红茶随着储存时间的延长,乙醇、苯甲醛(M)、2-甲基丁醛(D)、二甲基三硫、NF-12等含量逐渐升高,而3-羟基丁酮、己醛、丙酮、反式-2-戊烯醛、壬醛(M)、2-己烯醛(M)、NF-3、NF-4、NF-18等含量逐渐降低。

HPLC法测定蒙药材金露梅中没食子酸含量

目的:建立高效液相法测定金露梅中没食子酸含量。方法:采用Kromasil 100-5-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸(10∶90)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长273 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:没食子酸在3.44~137.52μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=1.000;平均回收率为99.4%(RSD%=1.588%);6批不同产地金露梅中没食子酸含量在3.156~11.537 mg/g之间。结论:所建立的高效液相法稳定可靠,可用于金露梅中没食子酸的含量测定。

Identification and characterization of two new xanthones from Cudrania fruticosa

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Cudrania fruticosa Wight. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods including silica gel, polyamide, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. Two new xanthones, Cudraxanthone T and U(1-2), along with four known compounds(3-6) were isolated from the roots of Cudrania fruticosa Wight.

不同容器类型和基质对紫穗槐生长的影响

为提高紫穗槐容器育苗技术,采用随机区组试验设计,通过交互效应和简单效应分析,研究不同育苗容器和基质对紫穗槐幼苗生长的影响,以便选择适宜的育苗容器和育苗基质。结果表明:容器类型和基质均对紫穗槐幼苗生长有显著影响,两者的交互效应也有一定影响。主效应表明,塑料营养杯容器更能促进紫穗槐苗高、地径、茎干质量、根干质量、主根长、根总长、根平均直径、根表面积、根体积及根系径级等指标生长;黄心土+草炭土混合基质明显优于单一黄心土基质,更能有效保证苗木地上和地下部分的生长。基质和容器类型对紫穗槐的交互效应主要表现在地径、茎干质量、根干质量及大径级根系生长方面。因此,塑料营养杯容器和黄心土+草炭土混合基质的组合更有利于促进紫穗槐苗木生长。

金野紫穗槐对干旱胁迫的响应

为了解金野紫穗槐在干旱胁迫下的形态、生长和生理响应特征,探明其抗旱能力,以其二年生扦插苗为试验材料、紫穗槐二年生扦插苗为对照材料,采用盆栽和持续停水的干旱处理方法,研究干旱胁迫对试验苗木生长以及渗透调节等生理指标的影响。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,土壤相对含水量逐渐降低,金野紫穗槐的土壤含水量下降幅度更大,30 d干旱胁迫结束时土壤重度干旱,相对含水量为24.42%。试验期间,金野紫穗槐和紫穗槐株高均持续增长、地径则先增长后降低,但株高和地径的增量均持续下降,表明干旱胁迫抑制了两个树种的株高和地径生长。两个树种的MDA和可溶性糖含量均随干旱胁迫时间延长逐渐上升;游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量金野紫穗槐呈先上升后下降趋势,紫穗槐呈持续上升趋势。结合隶属函数分析可知金野紫穗槐的抗旱性低于紫穗槐;灰色关联分析发现株高和MDA含量与抗旱性关联度最大,其次为Pro和可溶性糖含量。金野紫穗槐抗旱能力弱于紫穗槐,但在干旱胁迫下其各项指标反应良好,适合在干旱区种植,可作为优良的彩叶树种在干旱少雨地区推广应用。

不同树种混交对杨树生长的影响

为寻找对白毛杨生长有利的混交模式,选择榆树、刨刺槐和紫穗槐3中树种与白毛杨进行了3 a的混交实验,分析不同混交模式对白毛杨生长的影响。结果表明,白毛杨与紫穗槐混交的模式下,白毛杨的树高、胸径、单株材积和蓄积量均达到了最大值,分别为16.67 m、14.03 cm、0.116 m^(3)/株和140.01 m^(3)/hm^(2),显著高于白毛杨与榆树、白毛杨与刺槐混交模式。因此,造林时建议选择紫穗槐作为白毛杨的混交树种。这一研究结果可为杨树混交造林提供有益的参考。