Effects of Fruticosa potentilla L. on Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Key Enzymes and Hormones in T2DM Rats

[Objectives]To study the effects of Fruticosa potentilla L.on the expression of key enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats.[Methods]The ethyl acetate fraction of 95%methanol extract of F.potentilla(MEE)was administered orally to the T2DM rats,and the level of glucose and expression of insulin,resistin,leptin,glucokinase(GK)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase)in the rats were measured and detected.[Results]In the T2DM rats administered with MEE,the postprandial blood glucose level decreased,the expression levels of resistin,leptin and G-6-Pase were down-regulated,and the expression levels of insulin and GK were up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]F.potentilla can reduce effectively postprandial blood glucose level,regulate the expression of a variety of enzymes and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism and recover partially the insulin level in T2DM rats to achieve resistance to T2DM.

HPLC法测定蒙药材金露梅中没食子酸含量

目的:建立高效液相法测定金露梅中没食子酸含量。方法:采用Kromasil 100-5-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸(10∶90)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长273 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:没食子酸在3.44~137.52μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=1.000;平均回收率为99.4%(RSD%=1.588%);6批不同产地金露梅中没食子酸含量在3.156~11.537 mg/g之间。结论:所建立的高效液相法稳定可靠,可用于金露梅中没食子酸的含量测定。

鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)生物学特性的初步研究

详细描述了鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,并根据鹅绒委陵菜的生物学特性 ,将其生育期划分为 6个时期 ,即萌发期、基株生长期、匍匐期、花果期。

蕨麻(Potentilla anserina L.)自然资源状况的初步研究

系统地调查了蕨麻(鹅绒委陵菜的块根)的民间使用方法、资源分布规律、生长环境和生物学特性,为今后科学保护和合理开发该资源提供了可靠的理论基础。

青海省野生资源植物——鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine L.)的应用研究

鹅绒委陵菜是一种具有匍匐茎的野生多年生草本资源植物,其生态适应性广泛,生长速度快,须根发达,是青海省江河源头植被恢复及草坪业的首选材料;块根藏名为蕨麻,适口性好,且富含多种营养物质及药用成分,对其进行食品产业化和中草药开发具有广阔前景。

采收季节对鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina L.)块根总黄酮含量的影响

通过紫外可见光光度法测定了不同季节采收的鹅绒委陵菜块根———蕨麻以及野生蕨麻中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,栽培种和野生种总黄酮含量几乎没有差别;春蕨麻和秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量有较大差异,秋蕨麻的总黄酮含量比春蕨麻高25 8%,从而为蕨麻的最佳收获时间提供了理论依据.

An experimental study exploring the influencing factors for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds from leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L.

In this paper,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of flavonoid compounds from leaves of Amorpha fruticosa is optimized.In single factor experiments,solid/liquid ratios,ultrasonic power,ethanol concentrations and extraction cycles were experimental factors.Box–Behnken central composite design and RSM analyzed the effects of the four factors on the yield of total flavonoids.The optimal extraction parameters were solid/liquid ratio 1:50 g/mL,ultrasonic power 316 W,ethanol concentration 50%,4 extraction cycles.In the optimized condition,the estimated value of the regression model was 66.6456 mg/g while the measured value was 66.4329 mg/g.

Underlying mechanism of protection from hypoxic injury seen with n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. in hippocampal neurons

The alcohol and n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. significantly protects myocardium from acute ischemic injury. However, its effects on rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of protection remain unclear. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats were incubated in 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours. Results indicated that hypoxic injury decreased the viability of neurons, increased the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein. Pretreatment with 0.25, 0.062 5, 0.015 6 mg/mL n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. led to a significant increase in cell viability. Expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as cytochrome c, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 protein, were attenuated. The neuroprotective effect of n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. was equivalent to tanshinone IIA. Our data suggest that the n-butanol extract of Potentilla anserine L. could protect primary hippocampal neurons from hypoxic injury by deactivating mitochondrial cell death.

藏药蕨麻的化学成分UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS分析

蕨麻不仅是藏区百姓的传统食品,还是藏医习用药材,本试验以西藏拉萨市蕨麻块根为原料,使用液质联用法对蕨麻进行活性成分快速定性研究。用80%甲醇进行提取,采用Waters Xevo G2-XS QTOF高分辨质谱进行分析;色谱条件为Waters BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),以0.1%-甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0~2 min,5%~10%B;2~10 min,10%~20%B;10~15 min,72%~100%B;15~71 min,2%~100%B;71~72 min,2%B),流速0.3 mL/min,进样量3μL;质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),检测范围m/z 50~1000,负离子模式采集。鉴定解谱得出27个化合物,其中含五对同分异构体,负模式下则鉴定黄酮类化合物21个、三萜类化合物6个。本研究为鉴别藏药蕨麻的化学成分提供一种准确快速的方法,为蕨麻在药品与食品领域的利用开发提供理论基础。

基于文献计量分析紫穗槐研究进展及趋势

以中国知网(CNKI)全文数据库为数据源,对2012—2021年发表的有关紫穗槐研究的文献进行检索,利用Excel软件和VOSviewer软件对载文量年度变化趋势、文献类型、研究团队、研究机构、研究高频词、单篇被引频次、文献研究方向等进行系统分析。结果显示,2012—2021年间中国知网(CNKI)数据库共收录618篇紫穗槐相关中文文献,其中林业类文献最多,为261篇(占比43.72%);全部文献中有193篇受基金项目支持,国家级基金项目为167篇(占比86.53%);发文数量最多的研究机构为西北农林科技大学,共发文57篇(占比25.68%);收录紫穗槐相关文献最多的期刊为《西北农林科技大学学报》,共计25篇。紫穗槐的生态与环境、造林与栽培养护、植物生理等方向是近年来的研究热点,我国在以上3个研究方向已经取得了较高水平的科研成果。虽然紫穗槐的文献数目自2014年后呈现下降趋势,但已经在2020年出现上升现象,说明紫穗槐的科研价值重新受到了学者们的关注。

蕨麻多糖的提取及对CCl_4急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的观察蕨麻多糖对CCl_4致急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法60只昆明种小鼠按随机数字表分为6组,分别为正常对照组、CCl_4模型对照组、联苯双酯组、蕨麻多糖低、中、高剂量组(200、400、800 mg/kg)。给药7 d后用0.1%的CCl_4灌胃,建立实验性急性肝损伤模型,观察体重、脾脏系数、肝脏系数及血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性。结果蕨麻多糖能明显降低CCl_4肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性(P<0.05),且与剂量呈负相关。结论蕨麻多糖对小鼠CCl_4肝损伤有良好的保护作用。

蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

目的综述近年来蕨麻化学成分及药理作用的研究报道,为蕨麻资源的深入开发和利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献并进行分析和总结。结果蕨麻含有三萜类、黄酮类、酚类、多糖类等多种化学成分和营养物质,具有抗氧化、抗缺氧、保肝、抗病毒、调节免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖等多种药理作用。结论蕨麻作为传统的药食两用类药材,在食品、药品、保健品方面具有广阔的应用前景,但目前开发的产品种类相对较少,还需要更深入的研究。

NaCl和Na_2SO_4对金露梅叶片胁迫效应

以不同浓度(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%)NaCl和Na2SO4溶液分别处理金露梅(Potentillafruticosa L.)2年生盆栽扦插苗,测定盐胁迫第7、13天后金露梅叶片的各项生理生化指标,为盐碱地区研究和开发具有耐盐性的野生花灌木提供参考依据。结果表明:在NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫下,随盐胁迫强度的增加和盐胁迫时间的延长,金露梅叶片的细胞膜透性,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量均呈增加的趋势;可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度的增加呈先增后降的趋势,随盐处理时间延长而有所下降。Na2SO4对金露梅的盐害超过NaCl的盐害。

莓叶委陵菜黄酮与三萜类成分提纯与HPLC条件的初步研究

在适宜的工艺条件下,即采70%乙醇,料液比为1:25,5次回流,水浴回流时间为2h,对莓叶委陵菜(Potentilla fra-garioides)中黄酮类、三萜类化合物进行了粗提取,经大孔树脂纯化,得到精制黄酮类、三萜类化合物溶液。然后探究其高效液相色谱分析的条件并在此条件下进行定性定量分析。结果表明:在流动相为乙腈和0.2%冰醋酸(体积比60:40),流量为1.0mL/min,检测波长为280nm的色谱条件下,样品溶液与标准溶液的峰均较好,且峰形对称,芦丁和熊果酸有不同的Rf值,说明两者在此条件下可以很好的分离。该方法测定简便,分离效果好,重复性好,灵敏度高。

基于GC-IMS分析不同储存时间金露梅红茶中挥发性有机物

为研究储存时间对金露梅红茶中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的影响,采用气相-离子迁移色谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy,GC-IMS)技术测定2019年、2020年、2021年金露梅红茶中VOCs组成。结果表明,GC-IMS技术从不同时间金露梅红茶样品中鉴定出61个信号峰,通过内置数据库定性出43种VOCs,包括20种醛类、8种酮类、7种醇类、2种酯类、2种烯类、2种吡嗪类和1种呋喃类等。通过主成分分析(prin-cipal component analysis,PCA)2019年样品和2020年、2021年样品差异较大。由指纹图谱分析发现,随着储存时间的延长,2021年样品中VOCs的种类和浓度相对较大,2019年样品中VOCs的种类和浓度最小。通过偏最小二乘法中变量投影重要性值(variable importance for the projection,VIP)判定,分析出金露梅红茶中14种潜在特征性VOCs,结合聚类热图结果发现,金露梅红茶随着储存时间的延长,乙醇、苯甲醛(M)、2-甲基丁醛(D)、二甲基三硫、NF-12等含量逐渐升高,而3-羟基丁酮、己醛、丙酮、反式-2-戊烯醛、壬醛(M)、2-己烯醛(M)、NF-3、NF-4、NF-18等含量逐渐降低。

藏药蕨麻的本草考证

目的对藏药蕨麻进行本草考证,为藏药蕨麻的合理开发和利用提供理论依据。方法通过查阅、整理历代有关蕨麻的本草记载,对始载本草、名称及药用历史进行系统研究。结果众多本草古籍中均有关于蕨麻的药食记载,且本草专著记载蕨麻全草及块根均可入药,全草有收敛止血、补血益气、生津利痰的功效;块根具有生津止渴、健脾益胃、收敛止血、止咳、利痰、益气补血的功效,主治吐血、下血、疟疾、脾虚腹泻、下痢等症。但现行标准记载其药用部位为其干燥地下部分。结论近现代对蕨麻药用部位及药理作用的研究与古代存在差异,需要对蕨麻叶和全草的活性成分进一步深入研究,以便开发、利用蕨麻药用资源。

NaCl和PEG胁迫对金露梅种子萌发及幼苗的影响

为探讨NaCl、PEG处理对金露梅种子萌发和幼苗的影响，分别以0、40、80、120、160、200mmol·L^-1浓度的NaCl溶液和0、100、125、150、175、200、225、250、300g·L^-1浓度的PEG溶液处理金露梅种子。结果表明，高于120mmol·L^-1NaCl溶液处理，对金露梅种子的萌发有明显抑制作用；40mmol·L^-1的NaCl溶液抑制了金露梅幼苗生长。100～175g·L^-1的PEG溶液处理金露梅种子，能促进种子萌发和幼苗胚根生长，而高于175g·L^-1的PEG溶液处理，则对金露梅种子的萌发和幼苗生长具有明显的抑制作用。

春季和秋季莓叶委陵菜叶片和地下部分芦丁及儿茶素含量的HPLC分析

Contents of rutin and catechin in leaves and under-ground part of Potentilla fragarioides L.in spring and autumn were determined by HPLC technology.The results show that in spring,rutin content in leaves and under-ground part of P.fragarioides is 1.670 3 and 0.054 4 mg·g-1,and catechin content is 0.263 5 and 0.723 5 mg·g-1,respectively.In autumn,rutin content is 0.586 9 and 0.010 7 mg·g-1,and catechin content is 0.784 3 and 0.366 4 mg·g-1,respectively.The rutin content in leaves is the highest in spring,and catechin content in leaves is the highest in autumn.Therefore,collecting leaves in spring is suitable for taking rutin as a purpose,while collecting leaves in autumn is suitable for taking catechin as a purpose.

HPLC法同时测定仙鹤草及委陵菜提取物中4种黄酮类成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定仙鹤草及近缘植物委陵菜提取物中山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、汉黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素的HPLC法,并比较两种提取物中各成分的含量差异。方法:采用HPLC法,Hypersil ODS C_(18)(250×4.6 mm,5μm),0.2%醋酸水(A)-乙腈(B)进行梯度洗脱:0～12 min,15%B～43%B;12～18 min,43%B～58%B;18～30 min,58%B～80%B;30～35 min,80%B～90%B;35～42 min,90%B～15%B;检测波长:265 nm,流速:1 ml·min^(-1);柱温:30℃。结果:山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、汉黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素分别在2.385～95.400μg·ml^(-1)、6.092～243.700μg·ml^(-1)、4.187～167.500μg·ml^(-1)和4.635～185.400μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 6、0.999 8、0.999 7、0.999 6)。仙鹤草中上述4种成分的平均回收率分别为99.47%(RSD=1.27%)、99.18%(RSD=1.26%)、99.38%(RSD=1.37%)和98.99%(RSD=1.66%),委陵菜中木犀草素和芹菜素的平均回收率分别为98.45%(RSD=1.31%)、98.83%(RSD=1.20%)。仙鹤草提取物中山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、汉黄芩素、木犀草素和芹菜素的含量分别为2.172 0 mg·g^(-1)、6.363 0 mg·g^(-1)、4.215 0 mg·g^(-1)和4.499 0 mg·g^(-1),而委陵菜提取物中仅能检测到木犀草素和芹菜素,含量分别为5.248 0 mg·g^(-1)和5.757 0 mg·g^(-1),此二者含量均显著高于仙鹤草中的含量。结论:该方法准确、可靠,重复性好,可用于仙鹤草及委陵菜提取物的质量评价与控制标准。

Nest distribution and nest habitat of the Tibetan Partridge(Perdix hodgsoniae)near Lhasa,Tibet

Background: Little is hitherto known about the breeding ecology of the Tibetan Partridge(Perdix hodgsoniae)which is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. Here we describe nest densities, inter-nest distances and general nest site characteristics in this gallinaceous bird species and explore the possibilities that certain shrub and plant types are preferred as nest surroundings.Method: A total of 56 nests were found over three breeding seasons near Lhasa, Tibet. Nest site characteristics were compared with random control plots and the proportions of specific plant species covering nests were compared with their estimated general occurrence in the study area.Results: Nest density in the two years with highest search effort was estimated at 1.43/km2 and 1.04/km2 but was clearly higher in the part of the study area facing north(1.86–2.35/km2) than that facing south(0.11–0.34/ km2). The average nearest neighbour distance of nests was about 300 m. Nests were situated in relatively lush vegetation and covered by a total of eight shrub species and three herbs. In contrast to previous reports, Caragana shrub did not constitute an important part of the nest habitat. The flowering, non-thorny bush Potentilla fruticosa was significantly over-represented as nest cover, while Rhododendron nivale was similarly under-represented. Nest bush foliage covered a larger area of ground, and the shrub surrounding nests was generally denser, than in control samples. Also, nests were placed closer to paths and in areas with lower densities of Yak(Bos grunniens) dung than in control samples.Except that soil temperatures were lower on nest sites than on control sites, micro-climate variables measured in this study did not differ between nest sites and control plots.Conclusions: Opportunity for nest concealment is probably an important quality of the nest habitat in Tibetan Partridges, yet it is unclear why the species should prefer P. fruticosa as nest cover. It is possible that nest sites are chosen to secure escape exits in the case of approaching predators and to reduce the risk of nest trampling.Tibetan Partridges may also select nest sites according to micro-climate, either directly or indirectly through climate-related differences in shrub vegetation.