As an important group of plant cellular organelles, the molecular mechanism of plastid division is poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that the homologs of ftsZ gene, an essential prokaryotic cell division...As an important group of plant cellular organelles, the molecular mechanism of plastid division is poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that the homologs of ftsZ gene, an essential prokaryotic cell division gene, are involved in plastid division process of plant cells. Antisense and sense expression constructions were employed to investigate the functions of the two ftsZ genes, NtFtsZ1 and NtFtsZ2, in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. plants. Although antisense expression of,NtFtsZs reduced the native protein level obviously, the size and number of chloroplasts in transgenic tobacco plants had no effect. In contrast, overexpression of NtFtsZs in transgenic plants strikingly changed the number and morphology of chloroplasts. Even only 1 - 2 huge chloroplasts could be seen in the mesophyll cells of some overexpression transgenic plants. Analyses of chloroplast ultrastructures and chlorophyll content of different transgenic plants suggested that NtFtsZs gene have no direct influence on the normal development and function of chloroplasts. ne changes in chloroplast morphology must be a compensation for the change in chloroplast number. The different phenotypes of chloroplasts in antisense and sense transgenic plants implied that different members from the same ftsZ gene family may have similar function in controlling plastid division. Meanwhile, the changes of chloroplast morphology in sense transgenic plants represented the possible plastoskeleton function of ftsZ in higher plant.展开更多
Plastid is one of the most important cellularorganelles, the normal division process of plastid is essential for the differentiation and development of plant cells. For a long time, morphological observations and gene...Plastid is one of the most important cellularorganelles, the normal division process of plastid is essential for the differentiation and development of plant cells. For a long time, morphological observations and genetic analyses to special mutants are the major research fields of plastiddivision, but the molecular mechanisms underlying plastiddivision are largely unknown. Because of the endosymbiotic origin, plastid division might have mechanisms in common with those involved in bacterial cell division. It has beenproved that several prokaryotic cell division genes also par-ticipate in the plastid division. Recently, the mechanisms of prokaryotic cell division have been well documented, which provides a valuable paradigm for understanding the plastid division mechanisms. In plants, the functional analyses of ftsZ, a key gene involved both in bacteria and plastid division, have established the solid foundation for people to under-stand the plastid division in molecular level. In this paper we will make a review for the research history and progress of plastid division.展开更多
FtsZ(Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z)蛋白是一种高度保守的细菌和真核生物微管蛋白的同系物,在许多植物和藻类物种中存在,是质体分裂复合体的基本组成部分,在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用。本研究在一种藻类植物(红藻)、...FtsZ(Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z)蛋白是一种高度保守的细菌和真核生物微管蛋白的同系物,在许多植物和藻类物种中存在,是质体分裂复合体的基本组成部分,在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用。本研究在一种藻类植物(红藻)、一种苔藓植物(小立碗藓)、两种单子叶植物(水稻和高粱)、四种双子叶植物(木薯,拟南芥,蓖麻和毛果杨)中共鉴定出21个Fts Zs成员,分析了其蛋白理化性质、二级结构、三级结构,预测了保守碱基、FtsZs成员的亚细胞定位、蛋白磷酸化位点并且构建了系统发育进化树。结果显示,FtsZs的脂肪系数、不稳定系数和总平均亲水性等理化性质存在很大的差异。FtsZ蛋白家族均不具跨膜结构域,也不含有信号肽;蛋白的二级结构主要是无规则卷曲和延伸链;保守基序分析发现,植物FtsZ家族基因在进化上是相对保守的;FtsZs成员的亚细胞定位分析发现,Fts Zs分布在叶绿体和细胞质中。本研究可为FtsZ基因家族成员的生物学功能研究提供理论基础。展开更多
文摘As an important group of plant cellular organelles, the molecular mechanism of plastid division is poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that the homologs of ftsZ gene, an essential prokaryotic cell division gene, are involved in plastid division process of plant cells. Antisense and sense expression constructions were employed to investigate the functions of the two ftsZ genes, NtFtsZ1 and NtFtsZ2, in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. plants. Although antisense expression of,NtFtsZs reduced the native protein level obviously, the size and number of chloroplasts in transgenic tobacco plants had no effect. In contrast, overexpression of NtFtsZs in transgenic plants strikingly changed the number and morphology of chloroplasts. Even only 1 - 2 huge chloroplasts could be seen in the mesophyll cells of some overexpression transgenic plants. Analyses of chloroplast ultrastructures and chlorophyll content of different transgenic plants suggested that NtFtsZs gene have no direct influence on the normal development and function of chloroplasts. ne changes in chloroplast morphology must be a compensation for the change in chloroplast number. The different phenotypes of chloroplasts in antisense and sense transgenic plants implied that different members from the same ftsZ gene family may have similar function in controlling plastid division. Meanwhile, the changes of chloroplast morphology in sense transgenic plants represented the possible plastoskeleton function of ftsZ in higher plant.
文摘Plastid is one of the most important cellularorganelles, the normal division process of plastid is essential for the differentiation and development of plant cells. For a long time, morphological observations and genetic analyses to special mutants are the major research fields of plastiddivision, but the molecular mechanisms underlying plastiddivision are largely unknown. Because of the endosymbiotic origin, plastid division might have mechanisms in common with those involved in bacterial cell division. It has beenproved that several prokaryotic cell division genes also par-ticipate in the plastid division. Recently, the mechanisms of prokaryotic cell division have been well documented, which provides a valuable paradigm for understanding the plastid division mechanisms. In plants, the functional analyses of ftsZ, a key gene involved both in bacteria and plastid division, have established the solid foundation for people to under-stand the plastid division in molecular level. In this paper we will make a review for the research history and progress of plastid division.
