Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Heat Islands and Optimization of Spatial Network Construction in the Central Urban Area of Fuzhou City, China

Although accelerated urbanization has led to economic prosperity,it has also resulted in urban heat island effects.Therefore,identifying methods of using limited urban spaces to alleviate heat islands has become an urgent issue.In this study,we assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban heat islands within the central urban area of Fuzhou City,China from 2010 to 2019.This assessment was based on a morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)model and an urban thermal environment spatial network constructed us-ing the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model.Optimization measures for the spatial network were proposed to provide a theor-etical basis for alleviating urban heat islands.The results show that the heat island area within the study area gradually increased while that of urban cold island area gradually decreased.The core area was the largest of the urban heat island patch landscape elements with a significant impact on other landscape elements,and represented an important factor underlying urban heat island network stability.The thermal environment network revealed a total of 197 thermal environment corridors and 93 heat island sources.These locations were then optimized according to the current land use,which maximized the potential of 1599.83 ha.Optimization based on current land use led to an increase in climate resilience,with effective measures showing reduction in thermal environment spatial network structure and function,contributing to the mitigation of urban heat island.These findings support the use of current land use patterns during urban heat island mitigation measure planning,thus providing an important reference basis for alleviating urban heat island effects.

Function Evolution and Landscape Planning Strategy of Inland Rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo

In the history, the main roles of inland rivers in Beilun Port City of Ningbo were desalination,blocking tides, shipping, and flood control. Nowadays, with the continuous spread and deepening ofurbanization, the ecological environment of river courses has been destroyed. In the past, remediationmeasures based on engineering and technology played a certain role, but can not “cure the root cause”. Itshould respect the historical evolution process of river courses, and highlight the ecological service functionand leisure tourism value of river courses from the coordination perspective of urban and rural ecologicalenvironment, economic industries, society and culture in the planning ideas of ecology, production, andlife integration. Four aspects of the measures are as below: protecting and repairing the ecological matrixof river courses;building green space system and maintaining flood control functions through the waternetwork;protecting cultural heritage along the rivers;developing waterfront leisure tourism scenic area.

Impact of coupling coordination development of port and city environments on urban economic competitiveness:Evidence from the coastal port cities in eastern China

Promoting the coupling coordination development of port and its hinterland city environments is an important way to improve urban economic competitiveness.Based on relevant data of 13 coastal port cities in eastern China from 2000 to 2018,this study explores the coupling coordination development of port and city environments and its impact on urban economic competitiveness by constructing the coupling coordination degree model and the panel threshold model.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the coupling coordination development of port and city environments,most coastal ports and their hinterland cities are in a state of moderate or serious disorder.Overall,the degree of coupling coordination of port and city environments needs to be further improved;(2)The coupling coordination degree of port and city environments has a significant impact on urban economic competitiveness,and this effect gradually increases with the development of the ports and the urban economy.Among the variables that impact the urban economic competitiveness,fixed assets investment and foreign trade are significant factors that can enhance urban economic competitiveness.(3)At present,there is a“U-shaped”relationship between the coupling coordination degree of port-city environments and the urban economic competitiveness.This relationship lies on the right side of the inflection point of the“U-shaped”curve.Therefore,following the concept of assigning priority to ecological development,expanding fixed assets investment and actively developing foreign trade can further enhance the urban economic competitiveness.

Research of Future Directions and Considerations for Implementation of the Forest City Strategy

A “Forest City” (FC) is an urban area that has a significant amount of forest cover. It is now a green urban development strategy that is supported by numerous nations. This essay compares the many FC implementation strategies used in developed and developing countries and explores potential future paths for this tactic. The variations between FC in terms of measurement targets, air purification, street trees, and forestry development are thoroughly compared in this research. This essay goes on to explore FC’s potential in the future regarding policy changes and the environment based on this comparison. Therefore, this essay focuses on the necessity of considering industrial innovation, encouraging biodiversity, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, paying attention to forest restructuring, and being more responsive to the issues provided by urbanization in the future global implementation of FC.

Application Strategies of Spatial Refinement Design in Ancient Cities Supported by Digital Te-Zhaoyu Ancient City in Qixian County as an Example

Digital technology provides a method of quantitative investigation and data analysis for contemporary landscape spatial analysis,and related research is moving from image recognition to digital algorithmic analysis,providing a more scientific and macroscopic way of research.The key to refinement design is to refine the spatial design process and the spatial improvement strategy system.Taking the ancient city of Zhaoyu in Qixian County,Shanxi Province as an example,(1)based on obtaining the integrated data of the ancient city through the drone tilt photography,the style and landscape of the ancient city are modeled;(2)the point cloud data with spatial information is imported into the point cloud analysis platform and the data analysis is carried out from the overall macroscopic style of the ancient city to the refinement level,which results in the formation of a more intuitive landscape design scheme,thus improving the precision and practicability of the landscape design;(3)Based on spatial big data,it starts from the spatial aggregation level,spatial distribution characteristics and other evaluation index system to achieve the refinement analysis of the site.Digital technology and methods are used throughout the process to explore the refined design path.

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Forces of Winter Urban Heat Island:A Case Study of Rapid Urbanization Area of Fuzhou City,China

Under the influence of anthropogenic and climate change,the problems caused by urban heat island(UHI)has become increasingly prominent.In order to promote urban sustainable development and improve the quality of human settlements,it is significant for exploring the evolution characteristics of urban thermal environment and analyzing its driving forces.Taking the Landsat series images as the basic data sources,the winter land surface temperature(LST)of the rapid urbanization area of Fuzhou City in China was quantitatively retrieved from 2001 to 2021.Combing comprehensively the standard deviation ellipse model,profile analysis and GeoDetector model,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the winter urban thermal environment were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the winter LST presented an increasing trend in the study area during 2001–2021,and the winter LST of the central urban regions was significantly higher than the suburbs.There was a strong UHI effect from 2001 to 2021with an expansion trend from the central urban regions to the suburbs and coastal areas in space scale.The LST of green lands and wetlands are significantly lower than croplands,artificial surface and unvegetated lands.Vegetation and water bodies had a significant mitigation effect on UHI,especially in the micro-scale.The winter UHI had been jointly driven by the underlying surface and socio-economic factors in a nonlinear or two-factor interactive enhancement mode,and socio-economic factors had played a leading role.This research could provide data support and decision-making references for rationally planning urban layout and promoting sustainable urban development.

Reflection on the Integrated Development of Marine Fisheries and Tourism Based on the Transformation of Fishery Facilities: A Case Study of Ningde City of Fujian Province, China

Based on the analysis on the current situation of marine fishery resources and development in Ningde City,this paper plans a spatial pattern for the integration of marine fishery and tourism of the“one belt,three zones,and multiple points”,designs key projects,analyzes the existing problems in the integrated development of fishery and tourism,and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

薏苡仁油联合5-FU对结肠癌HCT-116细胞株增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:分析薏苡仁油联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)对结肠癌HCT-116细胞株增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(methyl thiazolyl tetrazdium,MTT)法测定不同浓度薏苡仁油、5-FU以及薏苡仁油+5-FU对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞株的生长抑制效应;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测生存蛋白(Survivin)mRNA表达水平。结果:薏苡仁油、5-FU、5-FU+薏苡仁油均对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖产生一定抑制作用,且薏苡仁油浓度越高,作用时间越长,细胞增殖抑制率越高,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与薏苡仁油组及5-FU组相比,5-FU+薏苡仁油组细胞增殖抑制率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。薏苡仁油组、5-FU组、5-FU+薏苡仁油组的细胞凋亡率均高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);薏苡仁油浓度越高,细胞凋亡率也越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU+薏苡仁油组细胞凋亡率高于5-FU组及薏苡仁油组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组相比,不同浓度薏苡仁油组Survivin mRNA表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU组Survivin mRNA表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5-FU+薏苡仁油组Survivin mRNA表达较5-FU组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:薏苡仁油能抑制结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,与5-FU联合应用能发挥药物协同作用,其作用机制可能与调控Survivin mRNA表达有关。

SLC6A9对结直肠癌细胞生长和对5-FU药物敏感性的影响

目的:研究溶质载体家族6成员9(solute carrier family 6 member 9,SLC6A9)表达对结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)药物敏感性的影响。方法:TCGA数据库分析、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分析检测SLC6A9在结肠癌组织、正常结肠细胞系(NCM460)和结直肠癌细胞系(SW620、HCT116、HT29、Lovo和SW480)中的表达。将SCL6A9过表达质粒及阴性对照(SLC6A9 OE、Vector)转染HT29细胞,将SCL6A9小干扰RNA及阴性对照(SLC6A9 siRNA1#、siRNA2#和Scramble)转染SW620细胞。划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验检测各组细胞的迁移、侵袭能力。Western blot和细胞免疫荧光检测EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin、Vimentin的表达水平。利用CCK-8法和构建裸鼠移植瘤模型检测SLC6A9过表达对结直肠癌细胞5-FU药物敏感性的影响。结果:与正常结肠组织和NCM460细胞相比,SLC6A9在结肠癌组织和结直肠癌细胞系中低表达(均P<0.05)。SLC6A9过表达引起E-cadherin蛋白表达增加,Vimentin蛋白水平降低,抑制结直肠癌细胞的迁移、侵袭(P<0.05)。SLC6A9低表达引起E-cadherin蛋白表达降低,Vimentin蛋白水平增加,促进结直肠癌细胞的迁移、侵袭能力(P<0.05)。SLC6A9过表达提高了5-FU的药物敏感性,并使肿瘤生长缓慢,质量减轻(P<0.05)。而SLC6A9低表达降低了5-FU的药物敏感性(P<0.05)。结论:SLC6A9过表达能够抑制结直肠癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和EMT进程,并增强5-FU对结直肠癌细胞的药物敏感性。

ONECUT2高表达介导胃癌复发患者5-FU化疗耐药

目的:探究One cut结构域家族成员2(ONECUT2)是否可以作为对5-FU耐药的胃癌复发患者的治疗靶点。方法:利用癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库分析ONECUT2基因在胃癌患者及胃癌复发患者的表达情况。利用基因集富集分析(GSEA)评估TCGA数据库中ONECUT2表达量与药物代谢相关生物学过程的相关性。利用CCK-8细胞毒性实验评估胃癌细胞敲低或过表达ONECUT2对5-FU的耐药情况。分析30例胃癌术后复发患者ONECUT2表达量与5-FU治疗效果的相关性。结果:TCGA数据库分析显示,在经受过化疗且复发的胃癌患者中,ONECUT2高表达的患者无病间隔期(disease-free interval,DFI)更短。GSEA分析结果表明,ONECUT2高表达与异生药物代谢通路呈正相关,这提示可能与胃癌患者的耐药相关。体外实验中,敲低ONECUT2降低胃癌细胞对5-FU的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))值;反之,过表达ONECUT2增加细胞对5-FU的IC_(50)值。30例胃癌复发患者对5-FU的药物敏感性与ONECUT2表达量相关。结论:胃癌复发患者的ONECUT2表达量更高,ONECUT2高表达与胃癌复发患者的5-FU耐药相关,可能是潜在的治疗靶点。

山萘酚逆转肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu的作用机制研究

目的探讨山萘酚(KAE)对肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu功能的影响。方法采用KAE处理Bel-7402/5-Fu细胞,将细胞分为对照组和药物组(0.064、0.320、1.600、8、40、200μmol/L KAE);根据干扰DNA依赖性激酶催化亚基(DNA-PKcs)、加入蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132或加入自噬抑制剂CQ,将细胞分为si-NC组和DNA-PKcs干扰(siRNA-1664、siRNA-2142、siRNA-3785)组,对照组、KAE组和KAE+si-DNA-PKcs组,对照组、KAE+DMSO组、KAE+MG132组和KAE+CQ组。采用CCK-8检测细胞增殖,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和Western blot检测组蛋白H_(2)AX磷酸化(γ-H_(2)AX)、DNA-PKcs、DNA双链断裂修复/V(D)J重组蛋白(Artemis)和药泵基因(P-gp)mRNA和蛋白的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,蛋白稳定性实验检测DNA-PKcs蛋白稳定性,免疫共沉淀检测DNA-PKcs蛋白泛素化。结果与对照组相比,8μmol/L KAE处理细胞24 h可抑制约50%的细胞增殖能力,选择此时间和浓度进行后续研究。与对照组相比,KAE组γ-H_(2)AX mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,DNA-PKcs、Artemis和P-gp mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,KAE促进Bel-7402/5-Fu细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期,增加细胞凋亡;与si-NC组相比,siRNA-1664能显著下调DNA-PKcs mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);与KAE组相比,KAE+si-DNAPKcs组进一步促进了KAE对细胞的效应;与对照组相比,KAE+DMSO组DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与KAE+DMSO组相比,KAE+MG132组DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),而KAE+CQ组DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05);与对照组相比,KAE+DMSO组促进DNA-PKcs蛋白的泛素化,而KAE+MG132组则可抑制其泛素化(P<0.05)。结论KAE能够诱导肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu的细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞。

文旅融合:“Citywalk”热潮下的冷思考

“Citywalk”(城市漫步)强调慢节奏和沉浸式体验,是深受年轻人追捧的文旅消费新范式。“Citywalk”火爆出圈的背后,也存在着产品辨识度不高、利润低、专业性不强、产品更迭慢等问题。“文旅融合”的有效健康发展,需要在资源供给、产品创新、服务品质等方面开展全方位、多领域的合作联动,成果共享才能形成互利共赢新格局。

Application of Multi-agent Models to Urban Expansion in Medium and Small Cities: A Case Study in Fuyang City,Zhejiang Province,China

In this study, three-phase satellite images were used to define rules for the allocation of time and space in construction land resources based on a complex adaptive system and game theory. The decision behavior and rules of government agent, enterprise agent and resident agent in construction land growth were explored. A distinctive and dynamic simulation model of construction land growth was built, which integrated multi-agent, GIS technology and RS data and described the interaction among influencing agents, Taking Fuyang City in the Changjiang River Delta as an example, an assessment process for the remote sensing data in construction land and scenario planning was constructed. Repast and ArcGIS were used as simulation platforms. A simulation of the spatial pattern in land-use planning and the setting of scenario planning were conducted by using the incomplete active game, which was based on different natural, social and economic levels. Through this model, a simulation of urban planning space and decision-making for Fuyang City was created. Relevant non-structured problems arising from urban planning management could be identified, and the process and logic of urban planning spatial decision-making could thus be improved. Cell-by-cell comparison showed that the simulation accuracy was over 72%. This model has great potential for use by government and town planners in decision support and technique support in the policy-making process.

Embracing the Future:AI and ML Transforming Urban Environments in Smart Cities

This research explores the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)with relation to smart cities.It discusses the AI and ML’s ability to revolutionize various aspects of urban environments,including infrastructure,governance,public safety,and sustainability.The research presents the definition and characteristics of smart cities,highlighting the key components and technologies driving initiatives for smart cities.The methodology employed in this study involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature,research papers,and reports on the subject of AI and ML in smart cities.Various sources were consulted to gather information on the integration of AI and ML technologies in various aspects of smart cities,including infrastructure optimization,public safety enhancement,and citizen services improvement.The findings suggest that AI and ML technologies enable data-driven decision-making,predictive analytics,and optimization in smart city development.They are vital to the development of transport infrastructure,optimizing energy distribution,improving public safety,streamlining governance,and transforming healthcare services.However,ethical and privacy considerations,as well as technical challenges,need to be solved to guarantee the ethical and responsible usage of AI and ML in smart cities.The study concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions of AI and ML in shaping urban environments,highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts and responsible implementation.The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI and ML in optimizing resource utilization,enhancing citizen services,and creating more sustainable and resilient smart cities.Future studies should concentrate on addressing technical limitations,creating robust policy frameworks,and fostering fairness,accountability,and openness in the use of AI and ML technologies in smart cities.

Understanding the Relationship Between Shrinking Cities and Land Prices:Spatial Pattern,Effectiveness,and Policy Implications

Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.

Subsurface multi-physical characterization of mountain excavation and city construction in loess plateau with a fiber-optic sensing system

Mountain excavation and city construction(MECC)projects being launched in the Loess Plateau in China involve the creation of large-scale artificial land.Understanding the subsurface evolution characteristics of the artificial land is essential,yet challenging.Here,we use an improved fiber-optic monitoring system for its subsurface multi-physical characterization.The system enables us to gather spatiotemporal distribution of various parameters,including strata deformation,temperature,and moisture.Yan’an New District was selected as a case study to conduct refined in-situ monitoring through a 77 m-deep borehole and a 30 m-long trench.Findings reveal that the ground settlement involves both the deformation of the filling loess and the underlying intact loess.Notably,the filling loess exhibits a stronger creep capability compared to underlying intact loess.The deformation along the profile is unevenly distributed,with a positive correlation with soil moisture.Water accumulation has been observed at the interface between the filling loess and the underlying intact loess,leading to a significant deformation.Moreover,the temperature and moisture in the filling loess have reached a new equilibrium state,with their depths influenced by atmospheric conditions measuring at 31 m and 26 m,respectively.The refined investigation allows us to identify critical layers that matter the sustainable development of newly created urban areas,and provide improved insights into the evolution mechanisms of land creation.

The Fuzzy Synthesizing Evaluation of City's Environmental Quality Based on GIOWA Operator:A Case of 13 Cities of Jiangsu Province

In this paper, the generally induced ordered weighted averaging (GIOWA) operator is used to construct the fuzzy evaluating system of the quality of a city’s environment including air, water and noise. Based on the part data of air, water and noise of the 13 cities under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu provincial government in 2002, a case study is given. The evaluating results show that the evaluating system of the quality of a city’s environment based on the GIOWA operator can reflect the condition of pollution controlled and environmental quality of a city in a period of time.

Construction land expansion and influencing factors of typical river valley cities in Northeast China: Taking Jilin City as an example

Jilin City is a typical river valley city in Northeast China.In this paper,the authors studied the spatial and temporal expansion characteristics of the built-up areas in Jilin City from 1990 to 2020 using the analysis of expansion speed and strength,fractal dimension,barycenter coordinate transfer index and sector analysis.The ultimate-goal is to analyze the driving and restrictive factors that affect the spatial expansion of river valley cities.The results indicate that(1)the expansion speed of urban land in Jilin City has been re-latively slow in the past 30 years,while only slightly faster in 2010–2020;(2)in the spatial dimension,Jilin City mainly expanded to the south,then to the west,and extensive expansion has resulted in complex mor-phology with little stability and compactness;(3)the expansion is affected by multiple factors,of which the positive factor is industrial development,while the restrictive factors include natural factors,population loss,etc.This study provides a case for the formulation of land use policies and land space planning in river valley cities.

Balance of Datum Land Prices Among Cities Based on the City Gravitation Model and Stochastic Diffusion Equation

A balance of urban datum land prices is achieved to harmonize regional land prices and make the prices truly reflect different economic development levels and land prices among cities. The current piecewise linear interpolation balance method widely used has two drawbacks that always lead to an unsatisfactory balance among some cities. When the excess of land price in the central city to the surrounding zone reaches a certain degree, land price in the circumjacent city is not only consistent with the local land grade and land use level, but also influenced by the diffusion of land price in the central city. Thus, a new balanced scheme of datum land prices based on the city gravitation model and stochastic diffusion equation is brought forward. Finally, the new method is examined in the practice of datum land price balance in Hubei Province, China.

Importance of Urban Wetland Parks under the Development of Green Healthy Cities:A Case Study of Nanjing City

Wetlands are widely distributed all over the world,and have many wildlife resources,which are the main pieces of the puzzle for natural resource conservation and sustainable development on earth and have important irreplaceability.In this paper,through questionnaire survey,field research,literature review,etc.,importance weight analysis was conducted by using principal component analysis,and field survey and questionnaire were carried out to collect data on ecological environment function,environmental protection function,landscape beautification function,disaster prevention and mitigation function of urban wetlands.The problems in wetland parks of Nanjing were discussed,such as lack of awareness of landscape planning,deficient late management of wetland parks,weak ability of sustainable development,and unreasonable landscape layout and function.Finally,corresponding solutions were proposed,such as adhering to the planning and design of urban wetland parks with green as the base and health as the basis,persisting in the construction of a wetland system with high biodiversity and near-natural characteristics,adhering to the principle of sustainable development,adopting the construction idea of symbiosis and circulation of urban wetland parks,strengthening education and publicity work,and paying attention to the organic combination of system protection and coordinated construction.The research can build a new development direction for the model of urban wetland parks and green healthy cities,and provide theoretical support for urban sustainable construction.