Preparation of activated carbon from sunflower straw through H_(3)PO_(4) activation and its application for acid fuchsin dye adsorption

With the development circular economy, the use of agricultural waste to prepare biomass materials to remove pollutants has become a research hotspot. In this study, sunflower straw activated carbon (SSAC) was prepared by the one-step activation method, with sunflower straw (SS) used as the raw material and H3PO4 used as the activator. Four types of SSAC were prepared with impregnation ratios (weight of SS to weight of H3PO4) of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:5, corresponding to SSAC1, SSAC2, SSAC3, and SSAC4, respectively. The adsorption process of acid fuchsin (AF) in water using the four types of SSAC was studied. The results showed that the impregnation ratio significantly affected the structure of the materials. The increase in the impregnation ratio increased the specific surface area and pore volume of SSAC and improved the adsorption capacity of AF. However, an impregnation ratio that was too large led to a decrease in specific surface area. SSAC3, with an impregnation ratio of 1:3, had the largest specific surface area (1 794.01 m2/g), and SSAC4, with an impregnation ratio of 1:5, exhibited the smallest microporosity (0.052 7 cm3/g) and the largest pore volume (2.549 cm3/g). The adsorption kinetics of AF using the four types of SSAC agreed with the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model was suitable to describe SSAC3 and SSAC4, and the Freundlich isotherm model was appropriate to describe SSAC1 and SSAC2. The result of thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. At 303 K, SSAC4 showed a removal rate of 97.73% for 200-mg/L AF with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2 763.36 mg/g, the highest among the four types of SSAC. This study showed that SAAC prepared by the H3PO4-based one-step activation method is a green and efficient carbon material and has significant application potential for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater.

Degradation of acid fuchsine by a modified electro-Fenton system with magnetic stirring as oxygen supplying

The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and efficient undivided system for practical wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas diffusion or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activit） were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current efficiency and the hydrogen peroxide yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was fairly difficult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete.

Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies of the Interaction Between Fuchsin Basic and DNA

Visible spectroscopic and electrochemical methods were used to study the interactions between DNA and fuchsin basic（FB）. FB has an irreversible electro-oxidation peak in 5 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer solution at pH = 7.4 on a glassy carbon electrode（GCE）. After adding certain concentration of dsDNA, the oxidation peak current of FB decreases, but the peak potential hardly changes. The visible absorption spectroscopic study shows that the binding mode of FB to dsDNA is intercalative binding and electrostatic binding when the ratio of the concentration of dsDNA to FB is smaller than 0. 2, and anew substance, which produces a new absorption peak, is obtained via a covalent binding between dsDNA and FB apart from intercalative binding and electrostatic binding when the ratio of the concentration of dsDNA to FB is larger than 0. 2. The visible absorption spectra varies no longer when the ratio of the concentration of dsDNA＇to FB is larger than 1.5. A mean binding ratio of dsDNA to FB was determined to be 1.4： 1, suggesting that two complexes FB-dsDNA and FB-2dsDNA be formed. The interaction between FB and ssDNA was only electrostatic binding. The more powerful interaction of FB with dsDNA than with ssDNA may be applied for the recognition of dsDNA and ssDNA, and in DNA biosensor as hybridization indicator.

Extraordinary adsorption of acidic fuchsine and malachite green onto cheap nano-adsorbent derived from eggshell

Removal of dyestuffs such as Acidic Fuchsine(AF)and Malachite Green(MG)being present in many forms in industries is vital to protect water reservoirs from their catastrophic effects on the ecosystem.This study attempts to effectively eliminate these dyes using a low-cost and eco-friendly material.Eggshell,as a biocompatible by-product,was initially characterized,then some modifications were conducted,and its morphology and chemical structure were then examined through(Atomic force microscopy)AFM,(Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)FTIR,(Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)EDS and(Brunauer–Emmett–Teller)BET analyses.They revealed that the modifications on raw material gave rise to a natural nano-adsorbent presenting porous medium appropriate for targeted adsorbate molecules with the average particle size and average pore diameter of 54 and^2 nm,respectively.Functional groups on the adsorbent surface were also of importance to assist the adsorption of AF and MG.The effect of contact time,adsorbent dose,solution p H and initial concentration was evaluated.Pseudo-second order model accurately correlated the experimental kinetic data for both dyes.Moreover,the participation of intra-particle diffusion along with film diffusion in controlling the process was suggested.Langmuir isotherm model fitted very well to the equilibrium data for both dyes and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of AF and MG was accordingly calculated to be 5000 and 3333.33 mg·g-1 respectively.The inherent characteristics of eggshell make it a potential material to remove contaminants from wastewater in future applications.

Aqueous solution of basic fuchsin as food irradiation dosimeter

Dosimetric characterization of aqueous solution of basic fuchsin was studied spectrophotometrically for possible application in the low-dose food irradiation dosimetry. Absorption spectra of unirradiated and irradiated solu- tions were determined and the decrease in absorbance with the dose was noted down. Radiation-induced bleaching of the dye was measured at wavelengths of maximum absorption λmax (540nm) as well as 510nm and 460 nm. At all these wavelengths, the decrease in absorbance of the dosimeter was linear with respect to the absorbed dose from 50 Gy to 600 Gy. The stability of dosimetric solution during post-irradiation storage in the dark at room temperature showed that after initial bleaching during first ten to twenty days, the response was almost stable for about 34 days. The study on the effect of different light and temperature conditions also showed that the response gradually decreased during the storage period of 34 days, which shows that basic fuchsin dye is photosensitive as well as thermally sensitive.

LaCoO_(3)钙钛矿型催化剂的制备及其光催化降解酸性品红和碱性品红的研究

以硝酸钴、硝酸镧及柠檬酸为原料,在水热体系中采用水热合成法合成出一系列的钙钛矿型催化剂LaCoO_(3),考察当焙烧温度不同时,所合成催化剂的物化性质和降解酸性品红和碱性品红的光催化性能,并分析了催化剂降解品红的降解机理.实验结果表明,采用水热合成法能够成功合成出钙钛矿型催化剂LaCoO_(3),随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,结晶度则呈现先升高后降低的趋势.与此同时,比表面积、孔径和孔体积则逐渐减小.另外通过光催化降解品红来测试催化剂的光催化性能,结果表明LaCoO_(3)对酸性品红和碱性品红都具有很好的光催化活性,但对酸性品红的降解率高于碱性品红,这可能与不同品红的结构或者溶液的酸碱性有关.

Adsorption of acid fuchsin onto LTA-type zeolite derived from fly ash

A facile strategy without organic template was developed for the conversion of fly ash to LTA-type zeolite(LTA-Z),which could be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of acid fuchsin(AF).XRD results indicated that the pure crystalline product was obtained with the structure of LTA-type zeolite.SEM investigations showed that the well-defined LTA-Z crystals exhibited uniform size with the same cubic shape.The maximum AF adsorption amount was observed at pH=5,slightly lower than pHPZC of LTA-Z.Higher temperature favored AF adsorption onto LTA-Z and it was an endothermic process.Furthermore,AF adsorption amount increased with initial AF concentration increasing and LTA-Z dosage decreasing.Surface sorption governed this process at the initial 120 min period,followed by the internal diffusion of AF molecules between porous sites.The Langmuir model was determined as the adsorption isothermal,suggesting that the monolayer coverage of AF on LTA-Z surface was involved.

分光光度法快速测定酱油中半胱氨酸

基于半胱氨酸与阳离子染料碱性品红发生加成反应,首次提出碱性品红加成反应褪色分光光度法测定半胱氨酸含量的新方法。在硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,半胱氨酸与碱性品红发生加成反应形成无色的硫醚衍生物,溶液褪色,吸光度减小,加成产物最大吸收波长在542 nm处,据此建立了分析方法。半胱氨酸的浓度C与吸光度差值ΔA呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围为1.00~10.00 mg/L,相关系数r=0.9993,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.525×10^(4) L/(mol·cm)。方法成功应用于市售酱油样品中半胱氨酸含量的测定,酱油样品加标回收试验平均回收率为97.1%和98.3%,相对标准偏差为0.85%、1.23%,不同酱油样品测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于3%。建立的方法操作简单,专属性强,检测成本低,结果准确可靠,可用于酱油中半胱氨酸的快速测定。

三乙烯四胺改性的磁性微球对酸性品红的吸附研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为功能单体,采用分数聚合法合成了聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)[P(St-GMA)]磁性微球,利用三乙烯四胺(TETA)修饰P(St-GMA)磁性微球,制备表面含有氨基的P(St-GMA)-TETA磁性微球。采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和样品磁力振荡计(VSM)等手段进行表征,并将其应用于对含酸性品红(AF)的模拟废水吸附性能研究。考察了pH、吸附剂用量和吸附时间等因素对[P(St-GMA)-TETA]磁性微球吸附量的影响。结果表明:该吸附剂对AF的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,60min内基本达到吸附平衡,在298K时,最大吸附量高达171.821mg/g, Langmuir等温吸附数学模型能较好地拟合P(St-GMA)-TETA磁性微球对AF染料的吸附。

二氧化氯固体制剂降解碱性品红染料

以亚氯酸钠、硫酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠、二氯异氰基尿酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠等进行复配得到可以稳定释放二氧化氯的固体制剂,将其用于处理碱性品红染料,对降解的影响因素及动力学进行了探讨。通过滴定分析,分别测定了固体制剂在水中的所释放的有效氯、二氧化氯和氯气的质量浓度。将固体制剂用于处理碱性品红染料,探讨了固体制剂的用量、体系温度以及p H值等因素对染料溶液降解的影响。结果表明:在降解温度为45℃、溶液体系p H值为4.8、二氧化氯固体制剂在碱性品红溶液中的投加量为0.32 g·L^(-1)时,染料可以在100 s内实现降解率超过98%。对该体系降解过程的动力学分析结果表明,过程遵循一级反应动力学规律,表观活化能为21.73 k J·mol^(-1)。

明胶胶囊中醛基的测定研究与应用

目的明胶胶囊是用途广泛的一种药用辅料,但其氧化交联反应严重影响胶囊产品性能和胶囊产品有效期,导致胶囊剂的药物溶出度和生物利用度下降。方法为了减缓明胶胶囊的交联反应,本研究以不同抗氧剂制备的抗交联明胶胶囊;采用品红—亚硫酸法和2,4-二硝基苯肼法测定醛基,并筛选消除胶囊中醛基最有效的抗氧剂。结果加速实验显示茶多酚和甘氨酸能够显著消除明胶胶囊中的醛基,具有较好的抗氧化能力。结论利用抗氧剂保护明胶胶囊,消除其中的醛基,减缓明胶的交联反应,可改善明胶胶囊的溶出性能和明胶胶囊剂的有效期,为开发抗交联明胶胶囊提供理论基础和技术指导。

ZIFs-Co@AC材料催化活化过硫酸盐去除碱性品红的研究

采用微量热解法将类沸石型咪唑啉盐骨架负载在活性炭上制备成ZIFs型催化材料(ZIFs-Co@AC),通过催化活化过硫酸盐产生的硫酸根自由基对碱性品红进行催化去除。实验探究了溶液pH值、ZIFs-Co@AC投加量、过硫酸氢钾(PMS)投加量、温度、碱性品红初始浓度对去除率的影响。结果表明,ZIFs-Co@AC有较好的将PMS活化成硫酸根自由基的催化活性,从而碱性品红能够很好地被去除。当碱性品红染料初始质量浓度为120 mg/L,ZIFs-Co@AC投加量为50 mg、PMS投加量为30 mg、pH值为5.4时,25℃反应40 min后碱性品红的去除率达99.75%。

负载TiO_2凹凸棒石光催化氧化法处理酸性品红染料废水

以凹凸棒石粉末负载TiO2为催化剂对染料废水进行光催化氧化实验,研究了催化剂的投加量、光照时间以及起始浓度对酸性品红染料废水光降解作用的影响。结果表明:负载TiO2凹凸棒石催化剂与纯TiO2粉末相比具有更高的光催化活性,负载催化剂投加量在0.25g/L时,光催化效果最好。催化反应在很短时间内即能达到较高的去除率,3h后的平均去除率均可达95%。

聚碱性品红修饰电极的制备及应用

研究了碱性品红在玻碳电极上聚合的最佳实验条件及其聚合机理，发现该修饰电极对多巴胺具有良好的催化作用，能大大提高多巴胺在玻碳电极上的响应，在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，用该修饰电极测定多巴腔的线性范围为2×10－7～1×10－5mol／L，检测限为1×10－7mol／L，并且具有稳定性好、响应快、选择性高等特点．

Pr掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其对酸性品红降解反应的催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前躯物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂不同含量Pr的TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD,TG-DTA,AFM,UV-Vis,FTIR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。并通过酸性品红光催化降解实验对其光催化性能进行了评价,考查了实验条件,如催化剂用量,烧结温度,掺杂量等对催化剂催化活性的影响。Pr2O3的掺杂阻碍了TiO2晶相由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变,使TiO2的粒径减小,比表面积增大,催化活性增强。当Pr掺杂量为0.8%,催化剂用量为0.03g,烧结温度为500℃时,酸性品红的降解率达到97%以上,酸性品红的降解反应为准一级反应。

枣核对水溶液中亚甲基蓝、碱性品红的吸附性能研究

首次采用枣核作为生物吸附剂,对模拟废水中的亚甲基蓝和碱性品红进行吸附性能研究。基于单因素实验考察了吸附剂粒径、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、p H以及染料初始浓度等因素对水溶液中亚甲基蓝和碱性品红吸附效果的影响,并通过吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学研究来探讨吸附机理。结果表明,枣核能够有效去除水中亚甲基蓝和碱性品红,当p H均在6左右,吸附亚甲基蓝、碱性品红枣核投加量分别为8、10g/L,用60目的枣核对50mg/L的两种染料废水处理7h,其去除率均在90%以上。枣核对水溶液中亚甲基蓝、碱性品红染料的吸附是一个自发的吸附过程,其吸附行为均符合二级反应速率方程和Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温式。经计算得出枣核对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量为22.94mg/g,对碱性品红的饱和吸附量为23.92mg/g。研究结果表明枣核是一种很有前景的阳离子染料废水处理生物材料。

Ag-BiVO_4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性

以Bi2O3和V2O5为原料,通过高温固相反应合成BiVO4;并采用浸渍法对BiVO4进行Ag掺杂,制备具有较好可见光催化活性的Ag-BiVO4。采用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度仪、比表面分析仪对所制得的Ag-BiVO4进行了表征。实验结果表明:Ag掺杂不会引起BiVO4的晶型变化,可提高其对可见光的吸光性能;在Ag掺杂量为4%、溶液pH为7.0、Ag-BiVO4加入量为7g/L的条件下,光催化反应6min后碱性品红的脱色率最高,可达90%以上。

球形Bi4Ti3O12制备及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法合成球形钛酸铋复合氧化物光催化剂,利用SEM、XRD和UV-Vis DRS等表征手段对复合氧化物的晶体结构、微观形貌和光学性能进行了分析,结果表明,制备的钛酸铋复合氧化物为10 nm的球形颗粒,具有良好的晶型结构,禁带宽度为2.7 nm,有较好的可见光吸收能力。以亚甲基蓝、甲基橙及酸性品红为目标污染物,研究了复合氧化物在可见光下的光催化降解有机污染物的性能,并对光催化降解机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在可见光照射下,该复合氧化物对酸性品红降解效果明显优于亚甲基蓝和甲基橙,光照150 min下,降解率可达91%。

稻壳与脱硅稻壳活性炭特性及对有机物吸附

以稻壳为原料,同时制备脱硅稻壳,采用ZnCl2-CuCl2复合活化剂制备活性炭,并对所制备的稻壳活性炭(RAC)与脱硅稻壳活性炭(FAC)的孔结构和表面化学性质进行了分析,而后将其应用于对水中有机物的去除,同时研究了其吸附特性。结果表明:所制得的稻壳活性炭比表面积达到了1 924 m2/g,而稻壳经过脱硅处理制得的活性炭比表面积达到了2 433 m2/g。脱硅稻壳表面具有更多种类的官能团存在。稻壳与脱硅稻壳活性炭在碱性条件下有利于品红的吸附,并且适用于高盐度条件下品红的吸附;在初始pH值为7,初始质量浓度为400 mg/L,投加量为0.8 mg/g时,稻壳活性炭和脱硅稻壳活性炭对有机物的吸附量分别达到439和483 mg/g;吸附等温模型符合Langmuir等温式;吸附动力学以及脱附研究显示稻壳与脱硅稻壳活性炭对品红的吸附过程主要由化学吸附控制。

酸性品红共振光散射法测定蛋白质

本文研究了酸性品红 (FA)与蛋白质相互作用所引起的共振光散射 (RLS)光谱 ,在pH 1 88～ 4 4 8范围内 ,加入蛋白质导致酸性品红 (FA)共振光散射增强 ,在 340nm处 ,存在一共振光散射增强峰 ,其散射光强度增加值与蛋白质的浓度呈线性关系 ,据此建立了一种测定蛋白质的共振散射法。方法的线性范围为 0～ 2 5mg·L- 1 ,检出限 0 0 2 3mg·L- 1 。该方法用于人尿样和血样的测定 ,与医院提供结果相符 ,且具有更高的灵敏度。