A small cubic closed vessel with schlieren measurement technique combined with high-speed video camera were used to study limit flame properties under microgravity conditions at atmospheric pressure and room temperatu...A small cubic closed vessel with schlieren measurement technique combined with high-speed video camera were used to study limit flame properties under microgravity conditions at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.The rich flammability limit of C3H8/air was determined to be 9.2% C3H8.Stretched flame propagation speeds,stretched laminar burning velocities and unstretched laminar burning velocities near rich C3H8/air flammability limits were measured at different equivalence ratios.Outwardly propagating spherical flames were used to study the sensitivities of the flame propagation speeds and laminar burning velocities to flame stretch using Markstein lengths.Unstretched laminar burning velocity at rich flammability limit was determined to be 1.09cm/s.Lewis numbers were less than unity in rich C3H8/air and negative Markstein lengths were concluded.Absolute values of Markstein lengths were found to decrease linearly with equivalence ratios increase.展开更多
为了进一步提高超细粉末WC喷涂层的性能,以5~15μm的超细WC-10Co-4Cr粉末为材料,分别采用低温超音速火焰喷涂(LT-HVOF)和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在316L不锈钢表面制备WC涂层。通过聚焦离子束(Focused ion beam,FIB)对WC-10Co-4Cr粒子...为了进一步提高超细粉末WC喷涂层的性能,以5~15μm的超细WC-10Co-4Cr粉末为材料,分别采用低温超音速火焰喷涂(LT-HVOF)和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在316L不锈钢表面制备WC涂层。通过聚焦离子束(Focused ion beam,FIB)对WC-10Co-4Cr粒子剖面形貌进行了原位切割并分析,利用SEM形貌、EDS谱和摩擦磨损试验对涂层的显微结构和干摩擦磨损性能进行了表征。结果表明:HVOF的高焰流温度使超细WC-10Co-4Cr粉末的粘结相充分熔融,WC硬质相溶于粘结相或发生脱碳,形成Cox(WC)y脆性相和W2C相,另外因Cr较低的表面张力使涂层内界面存在富Cr带,而LT-HVOF涂层没有富Cr带;LT-HVOF涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.632 2,1.560×10-5mm3/(N·m),均低于HVOF涂层;2种WC涂层的磨损形式均以磨粒磨损为主,HVOF涂层中的富Cr带在载荷作用下形成裂纹并易于沿其扩展,造成涂层较大块剥落,降低了WC涂层的耐磨性能。展开更多
The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is an important technical route to produce acetylene for chemical industry.The partial oxidation reactor is the key to high acetylene yields.This work is an experimental and numer...The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is an important technical route to produce acetylene for chemical industry.The partial oxidation reactor is the key to high acetylene yields.This work is an experimental and numerical study on the use of a methane flame to produce acetylene.A lab scale partial oxidation reactor was used to produce ultra fuel-rich premixed jet flames.The axial temperature and species concentration profiles were measured for different equivalence ratios and preheating temperatures,and these were compared to numerical results from Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations that used the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Probability Density Function(RANS-PDF)approach coupled with detailed chemical mechanisms.The Leeds 1.5,GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms were used to investigate the effect of the detailed chemical mechanisms.The effects of equivalence ratio and preheating temperature on acetylene production were experimentally and numerically studied.The experimental validations indicated that the present numerical simulation provided reliable prediction on the partial oxidation of methane.Using this simulation method the optimal equivalence ratio for acetylene production was determined to be 3.6.Increasing preheating temperature improved acetylene production and shortened greatly the ignition delay time.So the increase of preheating temperature had to be limited to avoid uncontrolled ignition in the mixing chamber and the pyrolysis of methane in the preheater.展开更多
The two-phase volume-averaged model with the detailed chemistry reaction mechanism GRI 3.0 was adopted in the quasi-steady-state simulation of hydrogen production by CH4-rich filtration combustion in an alumina foam u...The two-phase volume-averaged model with the detailed chemistry reaction mechanism GRI 3.0 was adopted in the quasi-steady-state simulation of hydrogen production by CH4-rich filtration combustion in an alumina foam under fully developed conditions. The relations among the combustion wave velocity, the inlet gas velocity and the equivalence ratio were discussed, and their influences on the distributions of temperature and species in the alumina foam and on H2 yield, CH4 conversion, H2 selectivity and CO selectivity were analyzed in detail. The results show that the combustion wave velocity increases with the increase of equivalence ratio or inlet gas velocity. The H2 yield exceeded 50% with equivalence ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 and combustion wave velocity larger than 0.4 mm/s. The H2 selectivity exceeded 50% with equivalence ratio larger than 2.0 and CO selectivity exceeded 80% with equivalence ratio between 1.8 and 2.0 and combustion wave velocity larger than 0.4 mm/s.展开更多
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology(20070242004)
文摘A small cubic closed vessel with schlieren measurement technique combined with high-speed video camera were used to study limit flame properties under microgravity conditions at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.The rich flammability limit of C3H8/air was determined to be 9.2% C3H8.Stretched flame propagation speeds,stretched laminar burning velocities and unstretched laminar burning velocities near rich C3H8/air flammability limits were measured at different equivalence ratios.Outwardly propagating spherical flames were used to study the sensitivities of the flame propagation speeds and laminar burning velocities to flame stretch using Markstein lengths.Unstretched laminar burning velocity at rich flammability limit was determined to be 1.09cm/s.Lewis numbers were less than unity in rich C3H8/air and negative Markstein lengths were concluded.Absolute values of Markstein lengths were found to decrease linearly with equivalence ratios increase.
文摘为了进一步提高超细粉末WC喷涂层的性能,以5~15μm的超细WC-10Co-4Cr粉末为材料,分别采用低温超音速火焰喷涂(LT-HVOF)和超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在316L不锈钢表面制备WC涂层。通过聚焦离子束(Focused ion beam,FIB)对WC-10Co-4Cr粒子剖面形貌进行了原位切割并分析,利用SEM形貌、EDS谱和摩擦磨损试验对涂层的显微结构和干摩擦磨损性能进行了表征。结果表明:HVOF的高焰流温度使超细WC-10Co-4Cr粉末的粘结相充分熔融,WC硬质相溶于粘结相或发生脱碳,形成Cox(WC)y脆性相和W2C相,另外因Cr较低的表面张力使涂层内界面存在富Cr带,而LT-HVOF涂层没有富Cr带;LT-HVOF涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.632 2,1.560×10-5mm3/(N·m),均低于HVOF涂层;2种WC涂层的磨损形式均以磨粒磨损为主,HVOF涂层中的富Cr带在载荷作用下形成裂纹并易于沿其扩展,造成涂层较大块剥落,降低了WC涂层的耐磨性能。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20976090)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(200757)
文摘The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is an important technical route to produce acetylene for chemical industry.The partial oxidation reactor is the key to high acetylene yields.This work is an experimental and numerical study on the use of a methane flame to produce acetylene.A lab scale partial oxidation reactor was used to produce ultra fuel-rich premixed jet flames.The axial temperature and species concentration profiles were measured for different equivalence ratios and preheating temperatures,and these were compared to numerical results from Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations that used the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Probability Density Function(RANS-PDF)approach coupled with detailed chemical mechanisms.The Leeds 1.5,GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms were used to investigate the effect of the detailed chemical mechanisms.The effects of equivalence ratio and preheating temperature on acetylene production were experimentally and numerically studied.The experimental validations indicated that the present numerical simulation provided reliable prediction on the partial oxidation of methane.Using this simulation method the optimal equivalence ratio for acetylene production was determined to be 3.6.Increasing preheating temperature improved acetylene production and shortened greatly the ignition delay time.So the increase of preheating temperature had to be limited to avoid uncontrolled ignition in the mixing chamber and the pyrolysis of methane in the preheater.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20080440713)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program ("863" Project) (Grant Nos. 2007AA05Z105, 2007AA05Z236)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50776036)
文摘The two-phase volume-averaged model with the detailed chemistry reaction mechanism GRI 3.0 was adopted in the quasi-steady-state simulation of hydrogen production by CH4-rich filtration combustion in an alumina foam under fully developed conditions. The relations among the combustion wave velocity, the inlet gas velocity and the equivalence ratio were discussed, and their influences on the distributions of temperature and species in the alumina foam and on H2 yield, CH4 conversion, H2 selectivity and CO selectivity were analyzed in detail. The results show that the combustion wave velocity increases with the increase of equivalence ratio or inlet gas velocity. The H2 yield exceeded 50% with equivalence ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 and combustion wave velocity larger than 0.4 mm/s. The H2 selectivity exceeded 50% with equivalence ratio larger than 2.0 and CO selectivity exceeded 80% with equivalence ratio between 1.8 and 2.0 and combustion wave velocity larger than 0.4 mm/s.
