Seasonal Variation of Tritium and Major Elements in Snow and Precipitation in Niigata, Japan

In order to evaluate seasonal and regional variations in precipitation in Niigata City, 65 hourly precipitation samples were collected from October 2009 to June 2011 including two snow events. In this work, major ions （Na＋, K＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, NH4＋, SO4^2-, NO3- and Cl-） were combined with tritium （^3H or T） concentration （T specific activity） in both precipitation and snow, and transformation patterns of polluted air mass in Niigata region were revealed. The low level tritium in precipitation was measured by a distillation process and an electrolytic enrichment process. Each tritium concentration in the precipitation sample thus obtained was measured by liquid scintillation counter. On the basis of the above measurement and analysis, it was found that the tritium and nss （non-sea-salt） calcium concentrations showed a seasonal variation with a highest value in spring over one year.

日本教师教育50年——对福岛大学教育学部的个案研究

福岛大学教育学部的发展历程、特点以及趋势,集中体现了日本教师教育在战后至今50年的发展轨迹,即从重视“学艺性”到重视“计划性”,再到重视“目的性”的演变,反映了教师培养的学历层次及专业性的提升、教师教育课程的多样化、综合化以及与社区联系日益紧密的特点和趋势。认识这些对我国的教师教育极有裨益。