Adsorption,in vitro digestion and human gut microbiota regulation characteristics of three Poria cocos polysaccharides

Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.

Effects of Poria cocos polysaccharide on growth performance,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus

The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).

Study on Quality Markers of Poria cocos Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

[Objectives]To analyze the main chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Poria cocos by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,and explore the active components for P.cocos in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea(PD)by network pharmacology to predict its quality markers(Q-marker).[Methods]Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)in positive and negative ion mode was used to collect high quality MS and MS/MS data of Poria cocos,and qualitative characterization of the components in Poria cocos was performed using Analyst TF 1.7.1 and PeakView 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literature.Taking the above identified chemical components as the research object,we used network pharmacology to discover the potential effective components and their key targets of PD,and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets was performed to screen the Q-marker of P.cocos based on the five principles of Q-marker of TCM.[Results]UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was used to identify 41 chemical components of P.cocos,including 3 amino acids,26 triterpenoids,4 lactones,7 organic acids and 1 adenosine.It was more likely to lose H 2O and CO 2 during cleavage and break at the carbonyl group.The triterpenoids were mainly in the form of[M-H]-peaks in negative ion mode,which was easy to lose some structural fragments such as H 2O,CH 3COOH,CH 4,CO 2,etc.Further network pharmacological analysis showed that 302 targets of chemical components of P.cocos,518 targets of PD,28 common targets of component and disease,and 27 core targets such as PTGS2,ESR1,TNF,IL1B were observed by PPI interactions network analysis.451 biological processes such as hormone response and inflammatory response regulation were obtained by GO enrichment analysis.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 89 pathways including PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway were obtained.The connectivity value of components was analyzed.The core components with the connectivity value greater than 10,including poricoic acid A,polyporenic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumoric acid were selected,while the key targets with the connectivity value greater than 15 included TNF,PTGS2,IL1B and CASP3.Molecular docking between core components and key targets was performed,and most of the docking energy was less than-5 kcal/mol,indicating that the binding between the active components and target proteins of P.cocos was relatively stable,so 23 active components of P.cocos were determined.Following the five principles of Q-marker,four possible Q-markers of P.cocos were predicted,including poricoic acid A,pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumoric acid.[Conclusions]P.cocos was mainly composed of triterpenoids,its effect on the treatment of PD may be achieved mainly by poricoic acid A,pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epi-dehydrotumoric acid acting on PTGS2,ESR1,TNF,IL1B and other targets to regulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,etc.Based on these active components,poricoic acid A,pachymic acid,polyporenic acid C,and 25-hydroxy-3-epi-dehydrotumoric acid could be taken as Q-markers of P.cocos,which provided a solid basis for further improving the quality standard of P.cocos.

Optimal Ultrasonic Extraction of Pachyman from Jiuzihe Poria cocos

This study was conducted to extract pachyman to the greatest degree with ultrasonic technology, and to determine the content of pachyman by the phe-nol-sulfuric acid method, so as to choose the optimal technique of ultrasonic extrac-tion of pachyman. Firstly, the ultrasonic power, extraction time and solid-to-liquid ra-tio were investigated by ultrasonic extraction method. Then, on this basis, a respon-sible surface experiment was designed, to select the optimal process conditions ac-cording to the index of pachyman yield. The optimized ultrasonic water extraction conditions were as fol ow： ultrasonic power of 100 W, extraction time of 30 min, and solid-to-liquid ratio at 1：40. The Oxford cup method was used to study the an-timicrobial activity of pachyman. lt was found that pachyman could significantly in-hibit Bacilus subtilis_and Staphylococcus aureus.

PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF FIVE DERIVATIVES OF β-(1→3)-D-GLUCAN ISOLATED FROM PORIA COCOS SCLEROTIUM

A new solvent of cellulose (1.5 mol/L NaOH/0.5 mol/L urea aqueous solution) was used as one of the homogeneous reaction media of polysaccharides for methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation. A water insoluble β -(1—>3)-D-glucan, sample PCS3- isolated from fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos was sulfated in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), carboxymethylated in NaOH, isopropanol solution, as well as methylated, hydroxyethylated and hydroxypropylated in the new solvent system, respectively, to obtain five water-soluble derivatives coded as S-PCS3- C- PCS3- M-PCS3- HE-PCS3- and HP-PCS3- Their chemical structure and distribution of substitution were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), elementary analysis (EA), 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 2D-COSY, 2D-TOCSY and 2D- 1 H-detected 1H 13C HMQC spectra. The results reveal that the relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups of the β -(1-?3)-D-glucan is in the order C-6 > C-4 > C-2 on the whole. The substitution of the samples S-PCS3- C-PCS3- and M-PCS3- occurred mainly at C-6 position and secondly at C-4 and C-2 positions, and that of HE-PCS3- occurred at C-6 and C-4 positions and of HP-PCS3- almost completely occurred at C-6 position. The degrees of substitution (DS) obtained from 13 C-NMR range from 0.23 to 1.27. The water solubility of the derivatives is in the order S-PCS3- >C-PCS3- >M-PCS3- >HE-PCS3- >HP-PCS3- This work provides a novel and nonpolluting process for the methylation, hydroxyethylation and hydroxypropylation of β -(1—>3)-D-glucan.

COMPARISON OF POLYSACCHARIDES ISOLATED FROM THE MYCELIA OF A CULTIVATED STRAIN OF PORIA COCOS GROWN IN DIFFERENT LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA

Mycelium of a cultivated strain of Poria cocos was grown by submerged fermentation in a liquid mediumcontaining corn steep liquor with orbital shaking. Six polysaccharides coded as ac-PCM1, ac-PCM2, ac-PCM3-Ⅰ andⅡ, ac-PCM4-Ⅰand Ⅱ were isolated from the myelium by extracting with 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution, hot water, 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solution and 88% formic acid. Exo-polysaccharide was obtained from the culture medium and coded as ac-PCM0.The monosaccharide composition and molecular weights of these polysaccharides were characterized by using infraredspectroscopy, gas chromaography, elemental analysis, ^(13)C-NMR, viscometry and light scattering. The results indicated thatac-PCM0, ac-PCM1 and ac-PCM2 are heteropolysaccharides containing glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, and ac-PCM3-Ⅰ and ac-PCM3-Ⅱ mainly consist of D-glucose. The content of the glucose in the polysaccharides increased with theisolation progress. Remarkably, α-glucan and β-glucan coexisted in the extract by NaOH aqueous solution (ac-PCM3), andcould be separated by chemical methods. The protein in the ac-PCM polysaccharides cultured from the medium containingcorn steep liquor was higher than that in the ab-PCM from the medium with bran extract. Therefore, the polysaccharidesfrom Poria cocos mycelia cultured in different media have different chemical composition, molecular weights and conformations.

Effects of Crude Extract of Poria cocos on the Tension of Jejunum and Cecum in Rabbits in vitro

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Poria cocos on intestinal smooth muscle contraction of rabbits in vitro and re- veal the related mechanism. [Method] With in vitro experimental method, using the tension of jejunal and cecal smooth muscle as an indicator, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, and 22.5 g/L crude extract of P. cocos were added into Tyrede＇s solution of jejunum and cecum tissues of rabbits to observe the effects of crude extract of P. cocos on motion dynamics of jejunum and cecum of rabbits. [ Result] The addition of crude extract of P. cocos could inhibit the contraction of jejunal and cecal smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro, enhance contraction tension and relaxation tension, and reduce contraction amplitude. The effects were improved as the dose of crude extract of P. cocos increased, displaying a dose-effect relationship. [Condusion] This study provided theoretical basis for the clinical use of P. cocos.

INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND PERIODATE-MODIFICATION OF β-D-GLUCANS FROM PORIA COCOS SCLEROTIUM ON ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES

In this work, influence of molecular weight and periodate modification ofβ-D-glucans isolated from Poria cocos sclerotium on the antitumor activities against Sar-coma 180 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor was studied. The results show thattwo glucans PC3 (linear β-(1→3)-D-glucan) and PC4 [β-(1→3)-D-glucan with a fewof branches and glucuronic acid] are devoid of antitumor activity. However, when theglucans were modified by periodate oxidation, borohydride reduction and mild hydrolysisor partially hydrolysis, the derivatives have obvious antitumor activities. The decreasein molecular weight of glucans after periodate modification hardly affects their antitumoractions, but on the other hand, the decrease of molecular weight without periodate modi-fication could lead to an enhancement of the antitumor activities. Moreover, the glucansand these derivatives have much higher enhancement ratios of body weight of mice thanthat of 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), suggesting that they are less toxic than 5-Fu.

Carbon dots derived from Poria cocos polysaccharide as an effective“on-off”fluorescence sensor for chromium(Ⅵ)detection

Chromium is a harmful contaminant showing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.Therefore,detection of chromium requires the development of low-cost and high-sensitivity sensors.Herein,blue-fluorescent carbon quantum dots were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method from alkali-soluble Poria cocos polysaccharide,which is green source,cheap and easy to obtain,and has no pharmacological activity due to low water solubility.These carbon quantum dots exhibit good fluorescence stability,water solubility,anti-interference and low cytotoxicity,and can be specifically combined with the detection of Cr(Ⅵ)to form a non-fluorescent complex that causes fluorescence quenching,so they can be used as a label-free nanosensor.High-sensitivity detection of Cr(Ⅵ)was achieved through internal filtering and static quenching effects.The fluorescence quenching degree of carbon dots fluorescent probe showed a good linear relationship with Cr(Ⅵ)concentration in the range of 1-100μM.The linear equation was F;/F=0.9942+0.01472[Cr(Ⅵ)](R;=0.9922),and the detection limit can be as low as 0.25μM(S/N=3),which has been successfully applied to Cr(Ⅵ)detection in actual water samples herein.

The Status Quo and Countermeasures of Planting and Industrial Development of Poria cocos in Luotian County

We conduct a field survey of the status quo of planting and industrial development of Poria cocos in Luotian County.The results show that at present,Luotian County develops a set of standardized Poria cocos cultivation technique,and some areas use the guideline of "four changes" to plants Poria cocos.The main problems faced by planting of Poria cocos currently are as follows:insufficient popularization of standardized Poria cocos cultivation technique;low processing level of Poria cocos;chaotic source of germplasm;lack of science and technology input;single industrial development pattern;shortage of well-known brands of products.In accordance with the above findings,we put forward the following recommendations:extensively promoting the guideline of " four changes";focusing on development and utilization of Poria cocos byproducts;implement listing-for-sales to clarify the source of Poria cocos strain;tightening the bonds with research institutes and large enterprises to promote science and technology input into Poria cocos;encouraging the coexistence of diverse industrial development pattern.

茯苓提取物对家兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响

本研究旨在探究茯苓提取物对家兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响。试验采用单因素随机试验设计,随机挑选健康、体重相近的100只30日龄的断奶仔兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在每千克基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0和2.0g的茯苓多糖,换算添加比例分别为0.05%、0.1%和0.2%。预饲期7d,正试期42d。结果表明,试验组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P <0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P <0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组平均日增重分别较对照组显著增加1.79、1.56和0.77g/d(P <0.05);与对照组相比,试验组IgA和IgG含量显著提升(P <0.05),TNF-α含量显著降低(P <0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组IL-6含量显著低于对照组(P <0.05),试验组IL-10含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。综上所述,添加茯苓多糖能提高家兔平均日增重,降低料重比,改善机体免疫水平。在本试验条件下,家兔中茯苓多糖的适宜添加水平为0.1%。

柱前衍生-气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定茯苓中的可溶性糖与三萜酸

[目的]通过建立柱前衍生-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法实现茯苓(Poria cocos)各成分的快速高效分离检测,为茯苓有效成分的分析提供新方法并为茯苓原料品质判断提供参考.[方法]采用超声辅助提取法,以反油酸为内标物,甲氧胺(MOX)和N-甲基-N-(三甲基硅烷)三氟乙酰胺[含1%(质量分数)三甲基氯硅烷](MSTFA+1%TMCS)为肟化-硅烷化衍生试剂,采用GC-MS同时检测茯苓中的果糖、葡萄糖、海藻糖、阿拉伯糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、茯苓酸、茯苓新酸A和茯苓新酸B.[结果]优化后的衍生条件为:200μL茯苓的甲醇提取液氮气吹干后,加入50μL MOX,于40℃反应2 h,然后加入250μL(MSTFA+1%TMCS),于40℃下反应30 min.衍生后的目标化合物在40 min内完成分离分析,线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.9935以上,该方法的定量限为0.008~1.000μg/mL,检测限为0.003~0.300μg/mL.茯苓样品加标回收率为82.0%~122.4%,相对标准偏差为1.05%~4.43%.[结论]本方法样品用量少,结果稳定且灵敏度高,可用于检测茯苓样品中可溶性糖和微量的三萜酸类化合物,同时也为检测其他样品中的三萜酸类化合物提供更多的选择.

基于MAPK/ERK通路探讨茯苓多糖对卵巢早衰模型大鼠的作用及其分子机制

目的基于丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/细胞外调节蛋白激酶(MAPK/ERK)通路探讨茯苓多糖对卵巢早衰(POF)模型大鼠的作用及其分子机制。方法取50只SD雌性大鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺诱导复制POF模型,随机分为5组:模型组、茯苓多糖低剂量组(100 mg/kg)、茯苓多糖高剂量组(200 mg/kg)、茴香霉素组(MAPK激活剂,10 mg/kg)、茯苓多糖高剂量+茴香霉素组,每组10只;另取10只SD雌性大鼠腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水作为对照组。分组处理后分别测定各组大鼠子宫指数及卵巢指数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定各组大鼠血清性激素[雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)]水平;HE染色观察各组大鼠卵巢形态;酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组大鼠血清及卵巢组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)水平;Western blotting检测各组大鼠卵巢组织MAPK/ERK通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠卵巢间质结构有一定程度的出血和纤维化损伤,卵泡发育失常,血清FSH和LH水平、血清和卵巢组织TNF-α、IL-4、IL-18水平、卵巢组织p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK及p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2相对表达量均升高(P<0.05),子宫指数和卵巢指数、E_(2)水平均降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,茯苓多糖低剂量组、茯苓多糖高剂量组大鼠卵巢形态损伤及卵泡发育失常均减轻,血清FSH及LH水平、血清和卵巢组织TNF-α、IL-4、IL-18水平、卵巢组织p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK及p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2相对表达量均降低(P<0.05),子宫指数和卵巢指数、E_(2)水平均升高(P<0.05),且茯苓多糖高剂量组效果更优(P<0.05)。茴香霉素组大鼠卵巢形态损伤及卵泡发育失常加重,血清FSH及LH水平、血清和卵巢组织TNF-α、IL-4、IL-18水平、卵巢组织p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK及p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2相对表达量均升高(P<0.05),子宫指数及卵巢指数、E_(2)水平均降低(P<0.05)。茯苓多糖高剂量+茴香霉素组逆转茯苓多糖作用,呈相反趋势(P<0.05)。结论茯苓多糖可通过抑制MAPK/ERK通路的激活减轻POF大鼠炎症,从而改善其卵巢功能和性激素分泌,缓解大鼠POF症状。

多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选栀子茯苓压片糖果的提取工艺

以提取液中栀子苷含量及干膏率作为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上采用直接回流提取法、多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法考察了乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果表明,制剂的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度75%,提取时间120 min,料液比17倍,栀子苷平均含量为3.17%,平均干膏率为11.33%,综合评分平均值为98.30(n=3,RSD=0.18%)。该工艺合理可行,有效成分提取率高,适合大规模生产。

茯苓的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用

茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos的干燥菌核,为我国药食同源大宗常用中药材之一,其化学成分多样,主要包括四环三萜、多糖和植物甾醇等,具有利尿、健脾、止泻、安神、抗炎、降脂、保肝、抗肿瘤等药理作用,临床广泛用于治疗水肿、炎症、糖脂代谢异常等疾病。本文通过对茯苓化学成分、药理作用以及临床应用进行综述,以期为其进一步研究及临床应用提供参考依据。

不同干燥方式对茯苓药材中三萜类及茯苓酸含量的影响

采用不同干燥方式(自然晒干、60℃烘干、80℃烘干、105℃烘干、冻干)对茯苓(Poria cocos)鲜品进行干燥,测定干燥后的茯苓三萜类及茯苓酸含量,比较不同干燥方式对其三萜类及茯苓酸含量的影响。结果表明,茯苓三萜类及茯苓酸含量均为冻干>105℃烘干>80℃烘干>60℃烘干>自然晒干,冻干工艺下茯苓三萜及茯苓酸含量分别高达8.95%、6.89%,自然晒干下的茯苓三萜类及茯苓酸含量均最低。确定了茯苓药材的最佳干燥方式,为茯苓药材后期加工工艺的选用提供参考。

葛根素与茯苓多糖复合物对PEDV感染幼龄仔猪结肠的保护作用

试验旨在探究由葛根素(Puerarin,PR)和茯苓多糖(Poria cocos polysaccharide,PCP)组成的复合物(PR+PCP,PP)对猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)感染仔猪结肠的保护作用。采用单因素试验设计,通过使用PEDV感染仔猪肠道损伤模型进行试验,选用30头体重相近的7日龄健康仔猪,随机分成三个处理组:对照组、PEDV组和PP+PEDV组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期为14 d,其中预试期为4 d,正试期为10 d,试验期间各组饲喂相同的日粮,正试期内每晚给PP+PEDV组仔猪口腔灌服PP,将PR(0.5 mg/kg BW),PCP(20 mg/kg BW)混合溶于人工奶中;其余两组灌服相同体积人工奶。第10天向PEDV组和PP+PEDV组的仔猪口腔灌服PEDV(毒价为105.5 TCID50,用PBS溶液稀释),对照组仔猪灌服相同体积的PBS溶液。结果表明:①与对照组相比,PEDV组仔猪血清中总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著降低(P<0.05);三酯甘油(TG)、总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量显著升高(P<0.05);结肠隐窝深度(Crypt depth,CD)显著升高(P<0.05);结肠中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD),髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性显著升高(P<0.05);结肠中干扰素刺激基因15(ISG15)相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05);结肠白细胞介素(IL)-1β、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-X-C基序趋化因子配体2(CXCL2)和再生胰岛衍生蛋白3γ(REG3G)的相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。②与PEDV组相比,PP+PEDV组仔猪血清中TG、谷草转氨酶(AST)和BUN的水平显著降低(P<0.05);结肠CD显著降低(P<0.05);结肠中ISG15基因相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05);结肠中IL-1β、IL-6、CXCL2和REG3G基因相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在试验条件下灌服PP能够缓解PEDV感染仔猪血清生化指标异常情况,并通过改善PEDV感染仔猪结肠的隐窝深度,缓解结肠炎性反应及影响机体免疫反应来缓解PEDV感染造成的仔猪结肠肠道损伤。

真武汤君药探析

真武汤出自《伤寒论》,由茯苓、芍药、生姜、白术、炮附子五味药物组成,被国家中医药管理局列入《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》,是100首经典方剂中的佼佼者。此方配伍精当,疗效显著,历代医家均有应用,然对其君药之归属,历代医家均有不同观点,或以单味药为君,或以多位药为君。文章从《伤寒论》源流出发,以张仲景相近时代的古籍为主要参考,以《伤寒论》条文为据,并结合现代药理研究,认为真武汤以茯苓为君药,对指导临床辨证和选方用药有重要意义。