Concept of Integrated Waste Management as Recoverable Resources in Product Cycle

This paper presents a conceptual framework of integrated waste management which focuses on all stages of product life cycle. A mechanism of resource recovery motivating from waste in economic system （designers, producers, consumers, stakeholders in the field of disposal of the product） is suggested. The classification of institutional and economic instruments in the field of waste management as recoverable resources is developed. The author has proposed a scientific and methodical approach to the formation of an integrated waste management as recoverable resources, which is based on a set of methods of economic incentives at all stages of product life cycle and ensures the maximum possible and the environmentally safe management of wastes containing valuable resource components.

Integration Theory and Optimal Application of the Traffic Accident Management System

With the development of the social economy,the traditional transportation mode will be replaced by the new mode which emphasizes the integration and cooperation between the transportation modes.The advent of automobilization in China has further intensified the pressure of the road traffic.The traffic jam alarm caused by the traffic accidents is increasing year by year.The minor accidents that can be dealt with quickly account for more than 70%of the traffic accidents.Traditionally,when dealing with the minor accidents,car owners often choose to stay on the spot and wait for the traffic police to deal with them.It is easy to cause"minor accidents and big traffic jams",which lead to the congestion of a road,a bridge and even a block.

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China： retrofitting an integrated mechanism for environmental management

Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies （EFPs） in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit （GC）, green security （GS）, and green insurance （GI） instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental man- agement, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.

Game Modeling and Strategic Behavior Analysis in Public Goods Provision： Evidence From Water Resources Management

The utility of public goods vary with the behaviors of stakeholders （players）, and it is appropriate to study effective supply and management of public goods with game modeling and analysis. The comparison effect is the key issue of public good provision both in theoretical analysis and in practice. One major contribution of the paper is the extension of Clarke-Groves mechanism, to achieve which strategic behavior analysis is applied through the analysis and the comparison effect among various stakeholders in different stages is created and highly emphasized. In the first section of this paper, the definition of integrated water resources management （IWRM）, the importance of stakeholder participation as well as some models and methods that have been applied are illustrated. Following this, the framework of analysis is elaborated, in which the scenario and aims are shown, and it is claimed that game theory is the main approach, which includes both cooperative games and non-cooperative games. To achieve the aims of the public project, five approaches from game theory are able to cover the entire process of the project, and the fourth approach on interest compensation mechanism is the highlight of the research. After this, the interest compensation mechanism is demonstrated in the model section, and is proved to be an incentive compatible mechanism that makes each stakeholder choose to behave in accordance with the interest of the entire project. The Clarke-Groves mechanism is applied and extended in establishing the model, and the utility change by the comparison among stakeholders （defined as the comparison effect） is involved. In the application section, a water project is analyzed in consideration of various stakeholders, and other possible applications are also indicated.

An integrated geospatial information service system for disaster management in China

The Chinese Government and citizens face enormous challenges of disaster management as widespread devastation,economic damages,and loss of human lives caused by increasing natural disasters.Disaster management requires a complicated iterative process that includes disaster monitoring,early detection,forecasting,loss assessment,and efficient analysis of disaster reduction.Each task typically involves the use of technologists and multiple geospatial information resources,including sensors,data sources,models,geo-tools,software packages,and computing resources.However,most existing disaster management systems operate in a typical passive data-centric mode,where resources cannot be fully utilized.This impediment is partially being addressed by the increasingly complex application requirements and the growing availability of diverse resources.In this paper,we summarize and analyze the practical problems experienced by the National Disaster Reduction Application System of China.To address the issues of data-centric,centralized,isolated solutions,we propose a novel Focusing Service Mechanism,which is capable of scheduling and allocating for optimum utilization of multiple resources,to dynamically generate collaborative and on-demand disaster information services.We also demonstrate the design and implementation of the Integrated Disaster Information Service System(IDISS).Through the service strategies of Virtualizing,Wrapping,and Integrating,disasterrelated resources are constructed into services in the IDISS.These services are dynamically aggregated into focusing service chains,for diverse disaster management tasks.Actual applications illustrate that the proposed service system can significantly improve the capability of disaster management in China.

一校两制:产业学院建设的制度设计

作为产业学院建设的两种主要形式,独立法人产业学院目前尚缺乏与之契合的法律制度及实践运行条件;二级学院产业学院是当前的可行之选。为了在现有法律制度下实现办学自主权的最大化,特提出“一校两制”的建设构想,即在同一所高校内,产业学院与其他专业二级学院分别实行两种不同的体制机制,高校的法人性质不变,产业学院与所属高校间保持既属性认同又路径独立的张力关系。“一校两制”,意味着在高校开辟一个办学“特区”。产业学院将享有特殊的办学政策,更加宽松、灵活的管理体制和运行机制,具有更强的独立性。

新疆亚洲玉米螟暴发成灾驱动机制分析及其治理对策

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)为新疆玉米生产中的主要害虫,2010年以来呈整体暴发态势,并造成了极为严重的产量损失,已成为制约当前新疆玉米高产稳产和粮食产能提升最重要的害虫,然而有关其暴发成灾的驱动机制尚不清楚。为此,本文通过分别概述近年来新疆气候、作物种植结构、栽培耕作措施以及亚洲玉米螟田间发生世代的变化情况,综合分析了上述变化对亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫存活、个体生长发育、取食偏好和种群增殖扩张等方面造成的具体影响。在此基础上,结合已有大量研究成果,系统解析了新疆绿洲生态区亚洲玉米螟种群暴发成灾的驱动机制。此外,本文还介绍了新疆植保科技工作者在亚洲玉米螟综合治理技术研究与应用方面取得的相关成果,简述了田间治理采取的措施和取得的防治成效,最终为亚洲玉米螟的持续有效治理提供一定参考。

自然资源监管视域下的国土空间规划管理探析:基于空间开发权配置的探讨

基于两级空间开发权理论,分析面向统一国土空间用途管制的自然资源监管流程,探讨国土空间规划管理在自然资源监管中发挥的具体作用,并从空间开发权视角出发,辨析国土空间规划管理背后隐含的两级空间开发权“批发—零售”基本逻辑。在此基础上,提出完善自然资源监管视域下国土空间规划管理的建议,即强化“区域—要素”统筹,发挥主体功能区战略和制度作用,在规划实施中完善各级“区域”的一级空间开发权 “批发”配置机制;进一步探索完善分级分类的空间开发权交易制度,促进规划安排的自然资源开发保护责任落实和国土空间格局优化。

我国医防融合困境中的管理和服务机制剖析

本文分析了我国医防融合推进过程中的主要阻力在于重医轻防的观念、条块分割的体系架构、方向相悖的筹资和激励以及服务供给中分工和合作的根本矛盾。尝试从管理和服务机制的角度分析我国医防融合的推进现状和存在的问题,发现其根源在于管理与服务机制不匹配。提出当前医防融合的实践应当首先以服务机制为重点,明确医防融合的服务接口,建立以患者为中心的医防融合服务路径;在服务机制的建立中平衡效率与质量,在分工的基础上整合;再围绕医防融合服务机制进行管理机制的调整,在管理机制改革中协调多方主体利益,控制改革成本。

长三角一体化高质量发展与自然资源要素保障——适应区域一体化趋势的自然资源管理改革思考

提升自然资源要素保障能力是推动长三角一体化高质量发展的关键一环。文章探讨了长三角一体化高质量发展与自然资源要素保障的理论关系,提出了加强自然资源要素的跨行政区统筹协调的必要性,阐述了长三角一体化高质量发展中自然资源保障能力建设的十个重点领域,包括国土空间规划、国土空间开发、自然资源利用和生态环境保护等,并结合我国现行自然资源管理特征,有针对性地提出了改革创新自然资源管理方式、优化提升自然资源要素保障能力的行动思路和体制机制建设的建议。

项目综合管理策略在重症监护病房耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染防控中的应用

目的 探讨项目综合管理策略在重症监护病房(ICU)落实耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)感染防控措施中的应用效果,为降低MRSA医院感染发生率提供循证依据。方法 选取2020-01-2021-12月某三甲医院5个ICU中住院患者送检标本并经微生物培养分离出MRSA的患者为研究对象。2020年为基线调查,2021年实施项目综合管理策略。比较干预前后各项防控措施落实执行情况、手卫生依从性、患者MRSA检出情况和MRSA检出科室分布情况。结果 实施项目综合干预管理策略后,MRSA防控措施的落实情况优于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各类人员手卫生依从性均有提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后患者MRSA检出率由35.71%降至27.73%。MRSA检出科室分布情况显示除呼吸内科ICU持平,其他ICU检出率均下降。结论 项目综合管理策略提高了MRSA感染防控措施的执行力和有效性,降低了MRSA检出率,减少了患者感染MRSA的风险,可保障医疗安全。

计及需求侧管理与碳排放的综合能源系统光-储设备优化配置方法

合理调整综合能源系统(IES)的配置结构能够有效提升其低碳经济运行水平,基于此,提出了一种计及需求侧管理与碳排放的IES光-储设备优化配置方法。基于IES典型拓扑及供能设备的工作机理,建立其冷-热-电-气能流模型;根据不同柔性负荷特点,从不同维度构建用能体验的评价指标,并提出一种考虑用户综合满意度的需求侧能量管理策略;在此基础上,为进一步提升系统的低碳性能,设计了一种计及全寿命周期碳排放的奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制;在同时考虑所提需求侧管理与碳交易机制的前提下,以设备全寿命周期内创造的总收益最大为优化目标,构建了从运行到规划层面的源-网-荷-储多环节协同的光-储设备优化配置模型及运行方案;基于某真实IES开展算例研究,结果验证了所提方法在避免设备冗余配置、减碳与提高经济运行水平方面的有效性。

一体化康复管理方案在重症机械通气患者中的应用

目的 研究一体化康复管理方案在重症机械通气患者中的应用效果。方法 纳入2021年1月至2022年6月收治的实施机械通气治疗的重症患者150例为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组75例。对照组实施常规重症机械通气干预,观察组患者实施一体化康复管理方案。比较2组患者呼吸机相关事件发生率、机械通气相关指标、肌力情况、镇静情况、血栓发生率、获得性衰弱率的差异。结果 干预后2组患者潮气量均增加,呼吸频率与呼吸阻力均下降,且观察组变化大于对照组(P<0.05);干预后2组患者的氧分压与氧合指数/吸入氧浓度均增高,二氧化碳分压均下降,且观察组变化大于对照组(P<0.05);干预后2组肌力均增加,观察组肌力高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的浅镇静率高于对照组,谵妄发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者机械通气时间、ICU住院时间短于对照组,获得性衰弱及并发症率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 一体化康复管理方案能够降低重症机械通气患者并发症率与获得性衰弱风险,提高患者呼吸功能、肌力水平与镇静效果,优化患者预后。

档案治理与基层治理的融合机制探讨

档案治理作为国家治理的重要组成部分,如何在新时代下的基层治理中彰显新担当、实现新作为,是摆在档案人面前的时代命题。在厘清档案治理与基层治理内涵的基础上,通过运用档案双元价值理论深入阐释档案赋能基层治理的内在机理,从档案治理现代化与基层治理现代化互促共进的角度出发,以善治、法治、共治、分治、智治五个维度为抓手,系统设计构建档案治理融入基层治理的实践路径。在理论上丰富了档案学与公共管理学的跨学科研究,在实践上为推动新时代档案事业高质量发展、服务国家基层治理贡献智力支持,旨在为加快构建系统完备、科学规范、运行高效的档案治理体系,并全面提升新时代档案治理效能提供参考。

基于全生命周期管理的FPSO单点锁紧机构风险分析

通过引入全生命周期管理的分析策略,在总结历史故障的基础上,评估其在不同阶段面临的环境与操作风险,提出针对性的改进措施,以期提高FPSO的安全运营水平。基于典型FPSO单点机构的载荷传递机理,分析浮筒与舱室的受力情况;通过案例研究,对原油田服役期间的故障原因进行深入剖析,并对新油田环境适应性改造进行评估;从技术与管理两个层面,提出未来运营中的风险要素分析及应对策略。研究揭示了单点机构在恶劣环境条件下面临的挑战,包括结构大变形、疲劳裂纹、操作失误等,并通过结构加强、定期维护、人员培训等措施有效降低了风险。

农业机械化管理教学改革探索与实践

农业机械化管理是面向农业机械化及其自动化专业开设的核心课程之一,对培养新形势下多元化农业机械化管理急需人才的系统分析与多层次管理能力具有重要作用。针对课程教学中存在的学生农机管理场景陌生和学生创新能力发展受限等痛点问题,课程团队以学生成长为中心,从理念、知识、能力和组织实施进行四维创新探索与改革:重构课程目标与内容,搭建“理论—实践—创新”项目制教学平台;探索情景化三阶制学习路径,打造课堂—实验室—实践基地一体化的农机化管理情境;建立多元考评,分阶考核有效激励学生自主学习。上述举措可为同类专业课程改革与创新提供一定参考。

建筑机电一体化电气设计要点实践

根据浙江省工程建设标准DB33/1092-2021《绿色建筑设计标准》对20000 m^(2)以上的公共建筑要求做集中控制的建筑设备管理系统和GB51348-2019《民用建筑电气设计标准》对建筑设备一体化监控系统的要求,以某超高层建筑的机电一体化电气设计实践为例,从强弱电设计界面、电气设计范围及设计深度等方面,详细阐述建筑设备一体化监控系统的电气设计要点。

成德眉资经济圈轨道交通一体化发展对策研究

经济圈是都市圈发展进程中寻求更高标准、更高质量的城市形态,不仅能够更好地优化城市资源配置,还能够提升城市整体竞争力,促进经济的持续健康发展。成德眉资经济圈轨道交通一体化建设,不断促进多层次轨道交通初步成网,轨道交通半小时通勤圈和“两环三射”框架初步形成。通过阐释成德眉资经济圈轨道交通发展现状,从线网布局、运营管理、协同机制等方面,分析成德眉资经济圈轨道交通一体化发展存在的问题,提出完善轨道交通线网布局、加强运营管理一体化、强化组织协同管理等对策,以推动成德眉资经济圈协同发展。

建立农村基础设施城乡一体化管护机制的探究

农村基础设施城乡一体化建设管护是城乡融合发展的重要一环。通过调研天津市农村基础设施城乡一体化建设管护情况底数和农民群众实际需求,系统梳理了天津市近年来农村基础设施建设管护的基本情况,分析了不同类型基础设施建设管护存在的个性问题并提出对策措施,深挖突出共性问题并给出政策建议,为健全城乡公共基础设施一体化管护机制,助力城乡融合发展提供了有益借鉴。

创新战略下中国科研信用管理机制设计研究——基于多主体演化博弈均衡的仿真分析

信用管理在信任放权、事前事中事后全过程管理和放管结合的新型监管制度探索建立中发挥重要作用,而一般领域中将信用管理作为行政管理抓手的做法并不适用于科研管理,中国的科研领域仍亟待进行信用管理制度改革创新。首先界定科研信用管理的内涵:是基于信息整合处理的智能管理、分级分类的精准化管理、多部门联合奖惩管理以实现科研诚信和创新目标;并提出根据科研工作的独特性质和规律,在构建科研信用管理制度时应注意遵循实行以信任、放权、自律为导向的制度变革,以及构建不同措施组合应用的政策实现管理目标的原则。在此基础上,考虑到全面建设社会主义现代化国家对教育、科技、人才融合发展的战略要求,基于中国科研信用管理实践提出科研信用管理流程机制,通过建立包括政府、科研单位和科研个体的三方演化博弈模型,分析博弈均衡状态下各方的行为策略选择,验证不同政策组合对诚信科研的作用和影响。所设计构建的科研信用管理流程运行机制包括平台整合、资源整合、机制整合、动力整合、运行整合和监管整合六大环节,通过建立系统性管理平台为放权提供基础保障,通过整合数据、机制、监管力量为实现全过程严管提供现实条件,实现“放出活力与效率,管好底线与秩序”的目标。仿真结果发现,科研失信被发现概率和科研个体科研诚信努力所得声誉收益这两个政策变量的调整所带来的系统演化速度与不同主体行为影响的边际变化最为显著,因此,科研管理中应注重将同行评议、科学共同体等内部特殊治理机制与一般的信用管理机制进行有机整合。接下来,中国的科研信用管理制度建设,应重点加快推进大数据、人工智能技术的应用,加强科研领域“黑名单”制度、内部信息共享和联合惩戒机制等的建立。