A survey of high risk factors affecting retinopathy in full-term infants in China

AIM: To investigate the possible relationship between the influencing factors occurring before and during birth in full-term infants and the outcome of retinopathy. METHODS: Totally 816 full-term infants admitted in the neonate intensive unit of Boai Hospital of Zhongshan between 1 May, 2008 and 30 June, 2011 were included in the study. Fundus examination was performed and evaluated individually on them at the age of 48 hours after delivery, 2 weeks and 1 month. Some possible risk factors happening prenatally or during delivery such as pregnant related hypertension, placenta previa, placental abruption etc, as well as some neonatal risk factors such as neonatal asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), low birth weight etc, were recorded and evacuated. Then the effect of the risk factors of full-term infants on retinopathy was studied. RESULTS: The incidence of retinal hemorrhage of full-term infants with prenatal pregnant related hypertension (PRH) of the mother (43.6%) was significantly higher than that of full-term infants without (8.0%). (P<0.001). The incidence of retinal hemorrhage of full-term infants with neonatal asphyxia and /or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)(29.3%) was significantly higher than that of those without (15.7%), but correlation was not found between the severity of retina hemorrhage and the degree of hypoxic disease. A pale color of optic disc was associated with a low birth weight of full-term infant. Full-term infants with birth weigh-less than 2500g had a significant higher incidence of retinopathy than those with birth weight equal or more than 2500g( P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The main influencing factors which lead to retinopathy of high risk full-term infants are prenatal factors such as PRH, and some neonatal risk factors such as asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and low birth weight.

Application of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life to prevent of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight preterm infants

Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who could not be breastfed were assigned into the experimental group(63 cases)and the control group(65 cases)using a random number table.The experiment group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)on day 1 which was increased to 24 mL/(kg·d)for the first 10 study days.The control group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)for the first 14e48 hours.Then,the feeding volume increased by 24-36 mL/(kg·d)up to 140e160 mL/(kg·d)and maintained until the 10th day after birth.The incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC,duration of hospitalization,time to full enteral feedings,incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,and the levels of gastrin and motilin in serum were assessed.Results:The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group(15.87% vs.33.84%).There was a significant reduction in the incidence of NEC between the experimental and control groups(7.9% vs.16% in the control group).Conclusion:A protocol that prolongs small feeding volumes early in life can reduce the incidence and severity of NEC,but still warrants further study.

National Survey of Attitudes and Practices of Endotracheal Tube Management in Infants and Small Children in Japan

Background: Surveys of pediatric endotracheal tube (ETT) management previously reported that specialists in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care medicine preferred to use uncuffed ETTs for children younger than 8 to 10 years of age. The aim of this study was to reveal the most recent attitudes and clinical practices of pediatric ETT management in Japan. Methods: The attitudes and clinical practices of pediatric ETT management were investigated using the data sheets of each institution and each patient. The data sheets contained information on patient characteristics and type of hospital, surgical procedures, devices used for intubation, and ETT information including types, size, depth, intracuff pressure (ICP), interval of ICP measurement, laryngeal packing, ETT exchange, airway complications, and reintubations. Results: The response rate of this survey was 66.7%. More than half of children older than 2 years of age were intubated with cuffed ETTs;83.5% of cuffed ETTs were used with the cuffs inflated, and ICP was measured in 80.7% of cuffed ETTs. More than half of ICP measurements were only taken at the time of intubation. Post-extubation stridor was rarely observed in cuffed (0.4%) or uncuffed ETTs (1.2%). The pediatric ETT management questionnaire revealed age-based size selection, differences in pressure of air leakage between cuffed (15 - 20 cmH2O) and uncuffed ETTs (20 - 30 cmH2O) of different sizes, the depthmarking method of insertion length. Continuous measurement of ICP was not common. Conclusion: This study revealed widespread use of cuffed ETTs in children older than 2 years of age, rarely occurrence of post-extubation stridor, inflation of cuffs, and practice of ICP measurement.

A Study on the Distances of Small Mobile Robot Moves towards Infants

In recent years, it is remarkable that various robots are being developed, and the development of robot technology is beginning to be taken into an actual living space. There are still many questions that we will have to answer for the harmonization of living together with a robot. This study is focused on ＂the study of how to plan and design a living space in harmonizing with robots＂, and focused on the effects of infants （subjects） along with the distance between robots and themselves. The study is to seek for the minimum distance for the subjects who felt that ＂I do not want a robot to be any closer being approached to me＂. This experiment was conducted among 30 infants at the kindergarten, utilizing a small experimental robot. A small robot whose dimension is 120 mm （W） ×130 mm （D） × 70 mm （H）, approaching infants as is to see if it would make any differences to the infant＇s reactions.

Safety and utility of capsule endoscopy for infants and young children

AIM:To assess the safety and utility of capsule endoscopy(CE)for children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.METHODS:The medical records of all of the children who underwent CE between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 2groups:group A included patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,and group B included patients who were able to swallow it.For the patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,it was placed in the duodenum endoscopically.The small bowel transit time,endoscopic diagnosis and complications of the 2 groups were compared.RESULTS:During the study period,28 CE procedures were performed in 26 patients.Group A included 11patients with a median age of 2 years(range 10 mo-9years),and group B included 15 patients with a median age of 12 years(range 8 years-16 years).The lightest child in the study weighed 7.9 kg.The detection rates did not differ between the 2 groups.The median small bowel transit time was 401 min(range 264-734 min)in group A and 227 min(range 56-512 min)in group B(P=0.0078).No serious complications,including capsule retention,occurred.No significant mucosal trauma occurred in the pharynx,esophagus,stomach or duodenum when the capsule was introduced using an endoscope.CONCLUSION:CE is a safe and useful procedure for infants and young children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.

Neonatal hemorrhage stroke and severe coagulopathy in a late preterm infant after receiving umbilical cord milking:A case report

BACKGROUND Umbilical cord milking(UCM)is an alternative placental transfusion method for delayed umbilical cord clamping in routine obstetric practice,allowing prompt resuscitation of an infant.Thus,UCM has been adopted at some tertiary neonatal centers for preterm infants to enhance placental-to-fetal transfusion.It is not suggested for babies less than 28 wk of gestational age because it is associated with severe brain hemorrhage.For late preterm or term infants who do not require resuscitation,cord management is recommended to increase iron levels and prevent the development of iron deficiency anemia,which is associated with impaired motor development,behavioral problems,and cognitive delays.Concerns remain about whether UCM increases the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage.However,there are very few reports of late preterm infants presenting with neonatal hemorrhage stroke(NHS)and severe coagulopathy after receiving UCM.Here,we report a case of a late preterm infant born at 34 wk of gestation.She abruptly deteriorated,exhibiting signs and symptoms of NHS and severe coagulopathy after receiving UCM on the first day of life.CASE SUMMARY A female preterm infant born at 34 wk of gestation received UCM after birth.She was small for her gestational age and described as vigorous with Apgar scores of 9 and 10 at one minute and five minutes of life,respectively.After hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit,she showed hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis.The baby was administered glucose and sodium bicarbonate infusions.Intramuscular vitamin K1 was also used to prevent vitamin K deficiency.The baby developed umbilical cord bleeding and gastric bleeding on day 1 of life;a physical examination showed bilateral conjunctival hemorrhage,and a blood test showed thrombocytopenia,prolonged prothrombin time,prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time,low fibrinogen,raised D-dimer levels and anemia.A subsequent cranial ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a left parenchymal brain hemorrhage with extension into the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces.The patient was diagnosed with NHS in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC).Fresh frozen plasma(FFP)and prothrombin complex concentrate were given for coagulopathy.Red blood cell and platelet transfusions were provided for thrombocytopenia and anemia.A bolus of midazolam,intravenous calcium and phenobarbital sodium were administered to control seizures.The baby’s clinical condition improved on day 5 of life,and the baby was hospitalized for 46 d and recovered well without seizure recurrence.Our case report suggests that preterm infants who receive UCM should undergo careful clinical assessment for intracranial hemorrhage,NHS and severe coagulopathy that may develop under certain circumstances.Supportive management,such as intensive care,FFP and blood transfusion,is recommended when the development of massive NHS and associated DIC is suspected.CONCLUSION Our case report suggests that for late preterm infants who are small for gestational age and who receive UCM for alternative placental transfusion,neonatal health care professionals should be cautious in assessing the development of NHS and severe coagulopathy.Neonatal health care professionals should also be more cautious in assessing the complications of late preterm infants after they receive UCM.

适于胎龄与小于胎龄的极低出生体重儿身长增长对PICC尖端移位的影响及比较

目的探讨极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight,VLBW)中适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)和小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)身长增长对经外周中心静脉置管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)尖端移位的影响,并横向比较影响程度,帮助医护人员更好地把握导管尖端位置监测的时机。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年6月在医院NICU住院并使用PICC的VLBW,按出生体质量和胎龄关系分为AGA组45例和SGA组19例,记录首次置管当日身长(Ht_(1))以及PICC尖端位置、置管期间胸片检查当日身长(Ht_(n))以及PICC尖端位置,并计算相应的身长增长率。身长增长率与PICC尖端移位的相关性用Spearman秩相关分析。将AGA和SGA的身长增长率分别与PICC尖端移位进行简单线性回归分析,构建回归模型,用协方差分析比较两组回归直线。结果VLBW中AGA组97.8%患儿出现移位,SGA组所有的患儿都出现移位,占比最多的均为移位3个椎体。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,两组患儿身长增长率与PICC尖端移位均具有相关性(AGA组rs=-0.719,P<0.001;SGA组rs=-0.769,P<0.001),随着VLBW身长增长,PICC尖端逐渐移位远离心脏。简单线性回归分析结果显示,AGA组回归模型(R^(2)=0.517,调整后R^(2)=0.513,F=129.487,P<0.001),SGA组回归模型(R^(2)=0.591,调整后R^(2)=0.585,F=95.385,P<0.001)。协方差分析结果显示,由于回归系数检验没有统计学意义,两条直线平行,说明身长增长率对两组患儿位移的影响一致。截距比较有统计学意义(F=9.265,P=0.003),说明两组患儿位移的起点不同(即增长率为零时的位移位置),说明位移与是否为AGA、SGA有关。结论随着VLBW中AGA和SGA身长增长,PICC尖端逐渐移位远离心脏,但相同的身长增长率,SGA引起的导管尖端移位幅度更大。建议AGA身长增长率12.4%、SGA身长增长率9.5%可作为监测导管尖端位置的重要时机,以免导管尖端进一步移位至非中心静脉,导致相关并发症发生。

早产小于胎龄儿校正0~24月龄追赶生长的纵向研究

目的了解早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)校正0~24月龄期间生长发育状况和差异,为早产儿早期健康干预提供依据。方法回顾性选取2019年7月—2022年7月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心定期保健的824例早产儿作为研究对象,其中SGA 144例,AGA 680例。分析和比较SGA组和AGA组出生及校正0~24月龄的体格发育数据。结果SGA组在校正0~18月龄期间的体重和身长均落后于同月龄AGA组(P<0.05),而校正24月龄时,两组的体重和身长比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。校正24月龄时,85%(34/40)SGA早产儿和79%(74/94)AGA早产儿完成追赶生长。按胎龄分层分析的结果显示:胎龄<34周SGA亚组体重、身长在校正0~9月龄与胎龄<34周和≥34周AGA亚组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎龄≥34周SGA亚组体重、身长分别在校正0~18月龄和校正0~12月龄与胎龄<34周和≥34周AGA亚组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胎龄<34周和≥34周SGA早产儿追赶生长分别主要发生在校正0~12月龄、校正0~18月龄。结论SGA早产儿生命早期体格发育落后于AGA早产儿,但在校正24月龄时实现追赶生长的比例高于AGA早产儿。胎龄<34周SGA早产儿实现追赶生长的时间早于胎龄≥34周SGA早产儿。

小于胎龄儿生后血清Klotho和成纤维细胞生长因子23水平变化及其与生长发育的关系

目的:探讨小于胎龄儿(SGA)生后血清Klotho和成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)水平变化,并阐明其与生长发育的关系。方法:选取35例SGA和53例适于胎龄儿(AGA)作为研究对象,分为SGA组(n=35)和AGA组(n=53),其中早产儿组51例,早产SGA组20例,早产AGA组31例;足月儿组37例,足月SGA组15例,足月AGA组22例。收集各组新生儿的临床资料,分别检测新生儿生后第7和14天血清Klotho和FGF23水平及临床生化指标,分析新生儿生后第7和14天血清Klotho及FGF23水平与新生儿体质量、身长、头围、胸围和考普氏(Kapu)指数等各项生长发育指标及钙磷代谢的相关性。结果:与AGA组比较,SGA组新生儿出生体质量、身长、头围、胸围和Kapu指数均明显降低(P<0.05)。生后第7和14天,与早产儿组比较,足月儿组新生儿血清Klotho和FGF23水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与生后第7天比较,生后第14天早产儿组和足月儿组新生儿血清Klotho水平均明显升高(P<0.01),FGF23水平均明显降低(P<0.01)。与AGA组比较,SGA组新生儿生后第7和14天血清Klotho和FGF23水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与生后第7天比较,生后第14天AGA组和SGA组新生儿血清Klotho水平明显升高(P<0.01),FGF23水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与早产AGA组比较,早产SGA组新生儿生后第7和14天血清Klotho和FGF23水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与足月AGA组比较,足月SGA组新生儿生后第7和14天血清Klotho和FGF23水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。SGA组新生儿生后第7天血清Klotho和FGF23水平与胎龄、体质量、身长、头围、胸围和Kapu指数等生长发育指标均呈正相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清Klotho水平与FGF23水平呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。钙磷代谢方面,SGA组新生儿生后第7天血清Klotho水平与血清磷水平呈正相关关系(P<0.01);FGF23水平与血清钙和磷水平均呈正相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:Klotho和FGF23蛋白与新生儿生长发育及磷酸盐代谢有密切关联。SGA新生儿生后血清Klotho和FGF23水平较低,但随着各器官发育逐渐完善,Klotho分泌增加,而FGF23水平降低可能是机体的代偿性反应。

小于胎龄早产儿胆汁淤积症的临床特征及危险因素

目的探讨小于胎龄(small for gestational age infant,SGA)早产儿胆汁淤积症临床特征及其发生的高危因素。方法选取胎龄<37周且在出生24 h内收住苏州大学附属儿童医院新生儿科的SGA早产儿为研究对象,将其分为胆汁淤积症和非胆汁淤积症两组,收集并回顾性分析2017年7月—2022年6月的临床数据。结果纳入的553例SGA早产儿中,100例(18.1%)发生胆汁淤积症。不同胎龄和出生体重组别的发生率分别为:超早产儿50.0%,极早产儿46.6%,中期早产儿32.7%,晚期早产儿9.8%;出生体重(birth weight,BW)<1000 g 60.9%,1000 g≤BW<1500 g 33.9%,1500 g≤BW<2500 g 10.7%。多因素回归分析显示,低出生体重、颅内出血、有创通气时间、第2周氨基酸累积量、第1周脂肪乳累积量、第2周脂肪乳累积量是SGA早产儿发生胆汁淤积症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论SGA早产儿胆汁淤积症的发生率随胎龄和出生体重的降低而升高;SGA早产儿胆汁淤积症的发生受低出生体重、颅内出血、有创通气及氨基酸、脂肪乳累积量等多种危险因素综合影响,需采取综合治疗措施减少其发生。

基于Web of Science小于胎龄儿相关研究的可视化分析

目的分析近年来全球小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)的研究现状、热点及前沿,梳理该领域发展脉络并预测未来发展趋势,为SGA研究及临床指导提供参考。方法基于Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库,选择科学引文索引扩展(Science Citation Index Expanded,SCI-EXPANDED)及社会科学引文索引(Social Sciences Citation Index,SSCI),检索式为:(TS=(“small for gestational age children”or“small for gestational age infant”or“small for gestational age”)AND LA=(English)AND DT=(Article OR Review Article)),时间跨度为2012年1月1日至2022年8月16日。运用CiteSpace,v.6.1.R3.64-bit绘制国家、机构、作者及关键词共现图,关键词聚类图及突现图,探究全球SGA研究领域主题演化及热点。结果共纳入6524篇文献,近年来,全球SGA研究文献年度发文量呈波动性上升趋势;综合中介中心性(0.15)和发文量(1859篇)分析,美国在该研究领域占主导优势;高产机构为卡罗林斯学院(Karolinska Institute,瑞典),以226篇文献稳居榜首;高产作者为NICOLAIDES K团队,主要研究方向为探索SGA的危险因素、SGA的早期有效筛查方法及如何降低SGA的患病率。关键词突现图发现,近3年的研究热点主要集中于流行病学研究和基因表达对妊娠结局影响的研究。结论进一步开展临床多中心的SGA分子流行病学和基础研究,揭示SGA患病危险因素,以提高SGA三级预防及治疗效果,仍是产科和儿科医务人员共同努力的研究方向。

新鲜周期体外受精-胚胎移植后子代单胎活产儿中小于胎龄儿的发生率及危险因素分析

目的探究女性接受新鲜周期体外受精/卵母细胞内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)-胚胎移植(ET)助孕后子代单胎活产儿中不同程度小于胎龄儿(SGA)的发生率及危险因素。方法回顾性收集2014年4月-2020年12月于四川大学华西第二医院接受新鲜周期IVF/ICSI-ET助孕并分娩单胎活产儿的2262例患者的临床资料,根据子代出生体重在同性别、同胎龄新生儿中的百分位数将患者分为正常组(第10~第90百分位)、轻中度SGA组(第3~第10百分位)和重度SGA组(小于第3百分位)。比较不同程度SGA组与正常组患者病史及IVF/ICSI-ET相关临床资料的差异,采用多因素logistic回归筛选不同程度SGA的危险因素。结果女性接受新鲜周期IVF/ICSI-ET助孕后分娩的单胎活产儿中SGA的发生率为9.9%,其中轻中度SGA的发生率为5.0%、重度SGA的发生率为4.9%。BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)、有自然流产史为子代发生轻中度SGA的危险因素(校正OR=4.54和1.91,95%CI=1.78~11.55和1.18~3.10);有自然流产史、早产为子代发生重度SGA的危险因素(校正OR=2.80和2.22,95%CI=1.78~4.42和1.23~3.98)。有活产史为子代发生轻中度及重度SGA的保护因素。结论接受新鲜周期IVF/ICSI-ET助孕的患者中,BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2)、有自然流产史、早产者子代发生SGA的风险增加,临床工作中应予以关注。

基于SPOC的“三环五育一融合”教学模式的构建和应用——以母婴护理X证书培训课程为例

“互联网+”教育背景下,“线上+线下”混合教学模式被广泛应用,以母婴护理X证书培训课程为例,构建基于小规模限制性在线课程(SPOC)的“三环五育一融合”教学模式,以提升学生综合能力、信息化水平和核心素养。

超声血流参数联合胎盘生长因子预测分娩小于胎龄儿价值

目的:探讨超声血流参数联合胎盘生长因子(PLGF)对分娩小于胎龄儿的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析分娩小于胎龄儿孕妇120例临床资料(观察组),并选取同期分娩正常胎儿孕妇120名作为对照组,比较2组超声参数和PLGF水平,并分析超声参数联合PLGF对小于胎龄儿的预测价值。结果:观察组脐动脉血流搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期与舒张期流速比(S/D)和静脉导管(DV)血流量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),脐静脉(UV)血流量、血清PLGF水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,PI、RI、S/D、DV血流量、UV血流量、PLGF和上述指标联合检测预测分娩小于胎龄儿AUC分别为0.735、0.743、0.785、0.739、0.713、0.752、0.987。结论:分娩小于胎龄儿孕妇脐动脉PI、RI、S/D、DV血流量、UV血流量发生明显变化,且血清PLGF降低,超声血流参数联合血清PLGF可提高对分娩小于胎龄儿预测价值。

Influential and prognostic factors of small for gestational age infants

Background Small for gestational age （SGA） infants are associated with a high rate of oligohydramnios, stillbirth and cesarean delivery. Among SGA patients there is a higher risk of neonatal complications, such as polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypothermia. Additionally, the SGA infant is prone to suffer from major neurologic sequelae, as well as cardiovascular system disease, in later life. Proper monitoring and therapy during pregnancy are, therefore, of utmost importance. The present study aimed to investigate the influential and prognostic factors of SGA infants.Methods From January 2001 to June 2007, a total of 55 SGA neonatal infants were included in a study group. All were born at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, with regular formal antenatal examinations. In addition, a total of 122 cases of appropriate for gestational age （AGA） infants were born at the same time and were registered into a control group. All cases were singleton pregnancies with detailed information of the maternal age, gravidity, parity, maternal height and weight, complications, uterine height and abdominal circumference, results from transabdominal ultrasonography between 32-38 gestational weeks, pregnancy duration, delivery manner, placenta, umbilical cord, and neonatal complications.Results Significant differences were observed in placenta weight and neonatal malformations between the study and control groups. Multivariate analysis revealed increased parity, maternal hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism history as risk factors. Fetal abdominal circumferences less than 30 and 32 cm at 32-38 gestational weeks respectively, as determined by ultrasonography, resulted in a Youden index of 0.62. Conclusions SGA infants were associated with a greater risk of smaller placentas and infant malformations. Increased parity, maternal hyperthyroidism, and a hyperthyroid history were risk factors for SGA infants. Fetal abdominal circumference less than 30 cm at 32 gestational weeks and less than 32 cm at 38 weeks, as determined by ultrasonograohy, was considered an effective index for SGA.

妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠早期TyG指数与分娩小于胎龄儿的相关性

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者妊娠早期甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(the triglyceride-gluscose index,TyG指数)与分娩小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)之间的关系。方法选取2018年1月至2023年6月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院和新疆喀什地区第二人民医院产科孕早期建档并符合纳入标准的孕妇1532例为研究对象,根据孕妇24~28周行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)结果,将其分为GDM组(754例)及非GDM组(778例)。GDM组患者根据新生儿体重,将其分为SGA组、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age infant,LGA)组和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组。分析GDM患者分娩SGA的独立影响因素,采用Logistic回归模型分析TyG指数与发生SGA的相关性。绘制ROC曲线以分析妊娠早期TyG指数对GDM患者分娩SGA的预测价值。结果GDM患者SGA组TyG指数显著低于LGA组、AGA组及非GDM组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TyG指数与GDM患者分娩SGA的发生独立相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,妊娠早期TyG指数对GDM患者分娩SGA具有较好的预测价值(AUC=0.821,95%CI:0.763~0.879,P<0.001)。结论GDM患者妊娠早期TyG指数与分娩SGA之间存在独立相关,对于GDM患者分娩SGA具有较好的预测价值。

早产小于胎龄儿生长代谢的临床研究

目的探讨早产小于胎龄儿(SGA)与适于胎龄儿(AGA)在住院期间生长代谢的差异,为临床对早产SGA进行营养干预提供依据。方法 1 370例早产儿纳入研究,根据胎龄与出生体重的关系分为SGA组(675例)与AGA组(695例),比较两组早产儿住院期间的一般情况、体格增长及血生化指标等情况。结果 SGA组住院天数长于AGA组(P<0.05)。与AGA组相比,SGA组出院体重、出院体重Z评分及出院身长均较低,宫外生长迟缓发生率较高(P<0.05),头围增长速率大于AGA组。与AGA组相比,SGA组达全肠内喂养时间及需肠外营养时间均较长(P<0.05)。SGA组入院时白蛋白、前白蛋白、血清磷、出院前总胆汁酸高于AGA组,白蛋白低于AGA组(P<0.05)。SGA组窒息、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、心肌损伤、喂养不耐受、肺炎、败血症、低血糖、低甲状腺素血症的发生率高于AGA组(P<0.05)。结论早产SGA住院期间体格发育明显落后于AGA,宫外生长迟缓发生率较高,更易出现并发症。[中国当代儿科杂志,2019,21(5):458-462]

妊高征与小于胎龄儿的相关性研究

目的：探讨妊高征与小于胎龄儿（SGA）之间的联系。方法：选取2000年1月～2004年10月在本院出生的单胎活产SGA病例共834例（男443例，女391例）作为病例组。以胎儿性别及出生孕周进行频数匹配，按1：3的比例，采用完全随机抽样方法选取出生体重在10％～90％分位的适于胎龄儿2502例（男1329例，女1173例）为对照组，比较病例组及对照组新生儿母亲孕期患妊高征的比例。结果：①病例组母亲患轻度、中度及重度妊高征比例分别是对照组的2．52（95％CI，1．35—4．69）、4．21（2．03—8．70）和5．15（3．10—8．54）倍；②分层分析表明，男性及女性病例组母亲妊高征的患病比例分别是对照组的4．45（2．72—7．27）和3．51（2．14—5．75）倍，男性及女性病例组母亲妊高征的患病优势比无显著差异，早产和足月病例组母亲患妊高征的比例分别为对照组的9．96（4．50—22．02）和3．21（2．15—4．78）倍，早产病例组母亲妊高征的患病优势比显著高于足月病例组；③校正性别、足月与否及母亲年龄的多因素分析结果与单因素分析结果类似。结论：妊高征可显著增加SGA发病的危险性。

早产小于胎龄儿喂养不耐受影响因素分析

目的探讨早产小于胎龄儿喂养不耐受的影响因素。方法选择2007—2009年入住南华大学附属南华医院新生儿科的286例早产小于胎龄儿,按纳入及排除标准筛选出259例进行研究,单因素和Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果早产小于胎龄儿喂养不耐受发生率为40.5%,临床表现以胃潴留为主(56.8%),发生时间主要集中在生后3 d内。单因素分析示胎龄、出生体质量、孕母文化程度初中及以下、分娩前使用激素、开奶时间、开始排便时间、红细胞增多症-高黏滞度综合征、新生儿窒息及新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征可能对喂养不耐受有影响(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析示出生体质量、孕母文化程度及分娩前使用激素是早产儿喂养不耐受的保护性因素〔β<0,exp(β)<1〕;开奶时间、排胎便时间、红细胞增多症-高黏滞度综合征及新生儿窒息是早产儿喂养不耐受的危险因素〔β>0,exp(β)>1〕。结论早产小于胎龄儿喂养不耐受发生率高,影响因素众多,需积极预防及干预。

晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿围生期呼吸系统并发症的危险因素研究

背景小于胎龄儿体格发育较适于胎龄儿差,易合并呼吸窘迫综合征、肺部感染、喂养不耐受、脑瘫、生长发育落后等并发症,其中晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿的呼吸系统疾病发生率显著高于适于胎龄儿,而关于晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿围生期呼吸系统并发症危险因素的相关研究目前相对较少。目的探讨晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿围生期呼吸系统并发症发生情况及其相关危险因素。方法选取河北北方学院附属第一医院2015年1月-2017年1月收治的100例晚期早产儿(剔除大于胎龄儿)的临床资料进行回顾分析。根据新生儿出生时体质量分为小于胎龄儿组(n=45)和适于胎龄儿组(n=55),比较两组呼吸系统并发症的发生情况。另根据小于胎龄儿组中是否发生呼吸系统并发症分为疾病亚组(n=28)和非疾病亚组(n=17),对母亲和新生儿可能的相关因素进行单因素分析。采用多因素Logistic回归分析晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿围生期呼吸系统并发症的危险因素。结果小于胎龄儿组围生期呼吸系统并发症发生率高于适于胎龄儿组(62.2%与41.8%,χ2=4.122,P<0.05)。疾病亚组母亲相关因素中妊娠期高血压、多胎妊娠、孕期感染、脐带异常、宫内窘迫、孕晚期发热、胎膜早破、窒息史、胎盘早剥发生率及新生儿相关因素中脓毒症发生率高于非疾病亚组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,妊娠期高血压、多胎妊娠、孕期感染、脐带异常、宫内窘迫、孕晚期发热、胎膜早破、窒息史、新生儿脓毒症为发生呼吸系统并发症的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿围生期呼吸系统并发症发生率高于适于胎龄儿,妊娠期高血压、多胎妊娠、孕期感染、脐带异常、宫内窘迫、孕晚期发热、胎膜早破、窒息史、新生儿脓毒症是引起晚期早产儿小于胎龄儿围生期呼吸系统并发症的高危因素。